- •Міністерство освіти і науки україни Хмельницький університет управління та права English for Lawyers
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1 Languages and Communication Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text Languages and Communication
- •Languages and Communication
- •Grammar exercises
- •V. Complete the following sentences using nouns in the singular or in the plural:
- •VI. Translate these sentences into English
- •The Indefinite Tenses
- •Additional reading
- •“The History of the English Language” in written form
- •Features of the English Language
- •English Today
- •Why I Study English
- •The International Character of English
- •The Origins of the English Language
- •Task 27. Fill in the blanks with necessaary prepositions
- •Task 28. Tell about the sources of origins of English language Unit 2 The System of Education in Ukraine and Abroad
- •Khmelnitsky University of Management and Law
- •The Faculty of Law at Present (Lviv University)
- •Chliches, set expressions and phrases for discussion
- •Some University Customs
- •System of Higher Education of Ukraine
- •Network of higher educational institutions of Ukraine by their level of accreditation
- •Structure of the level system of higher education of Ukraine
- •Number of students in higher educational institutions per each 10 thousand of the population of Ukraine
- •Areas of training
- •Management of education
- •Make use of the following phrases:
- •The Legal Profession
- •Dialogue
- •Woman: The work of a judge, of a prosecutor, of an advocate is not easy either, is it?
- •Woman:There is a lot of crime at this period. Perhaps the punishment of criminals is isn’t strict enough ?
- •The Investigator /Investigator bodies
- •Dialogue
- •Task 16. Finish the following disjunctive questions:
- •Task 17. Put questions to the words in bold type
- •The Procurator
- •Task 23. Translate the following sentences into English
- •Task 31. Speak on the work of the procurator
- •The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (від імені українського народу) adopted the Constitution - The Fundamental Law on June 28, 1996.
- •Symbols of u.K.
- •The Constitution of the United States of America
- •The British Constitution
- •Constitutional monarchs, powers, making laws, federation, Acts of Parliament, written constitution, to take advice, assembly, Magna Charta
- •Constitution - the Standard of Legitimacy
- •1. There are no special … for constitutional rules
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 5 The State System of Ukraine Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text The State System of Ukraine
- •The State System of Ukraine
- •Task 5. Pick out from the text all the word combinations with the following words and give their Ukrainian equivalents
- •The Court System of Ukraine
- •Systems of Government
- •Systems of Government
- •Autocracies
- •Modern Democracies
- •Politics
- •Political Systems
- •Elections
- •Extreme Governments
- •Grammar exercises
- •The State System of the uk
- •Task 1. Read and learn the vocabulary to the topic
- •The State System of Great Britain
- •The State System of Great Britain
- •Royal Assent
- •Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
- •Task 10.Complete the text using the proposed words
- •The Sovereign
- •The Royal Family
- •Grammar exercises
- •Task 5. Choose the correct past participle forms of the verbs
- •Task 7. Make the correct forms of the verbs. Use Past Perfect
- •Task 8. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence
- •Task 12. Underline the most suitable phrase in each sentence
- •Unit 7 Legal Professions in Great Britain Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text “Barristers and Solicitors”
- •Barristers and Solicitors
- •Task 5. Find the following word combinations in the text “Barristers and Solicitors”. Read the sentences and translate them
- •Task7. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the word combinations given below
- •Task 14. Read the micro texts and match them to the headings
- •General Practice
- •Specialists
- •Employed Solicitors
- •The Role of the Law Society
- •Task 16. Read the text and give annotation of it in Ukrainian Solicitors in Private Practice
- •Task 17. Read the text and circle the correct answer for items 1 to 4 The History of Solicitors
- •Task 18. Read the text and make comments on it Regulation
- •Task 19. Read the text and discuss it in the form of the dialogue, using clichés, set expressions and phrases given below Training
- •Texts for additional reading Task 1. Read and translate the text Judges
- •Task 2. Read and enjoy We, the Jury
- •Task 3. Make comments on the sayings, given below
- •Grammar exercises
- •Perfect Simple
- •Write four forms of each verb
- •Task 3. Form verbs of the following words. Give three forms of the verb
- •Perfect Continuous
- •Modal Verbs
- •Task 14. Fill in the blanks with ‘must’, ‘may’ or ‘ can’
- •Exercise for Revision Task 15. Put the verbs in the right tense. Translate the sentences
- •Unit 8 Political System of the usa Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text
- •The State System of the usa
- •Us Government
- •The executive branch
- •The legislative branch
- •The judicial branch
- •The Constitution as Supreme Law
- •Task 15. Translate words and word combinations into Enlish. Make up your own sentences with them
- •It’s not quite so; I’m afraid you are wrong; in my opinion;
- •Lawmaking process in the usa
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Unit 9 Lawmaking Process in Ukraine, Great Britain, the usa. How a Bill becomes a Law How a Bill Becomes a Law
- •The Lawmaking in Ukraine
- •Task 4. Find the following words in the text “The Lawmaking in Ukraine”. Read the sentences and translate them
- •Task 5. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following expressions
- •Task 6. Find in the text the English equivalents for the phrases below
- •How a Bill Becomes a Law
- •Task 15. Retell the text “How a Bill Becomes a Law”
- •Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
- •How Bills Go through Parliament
- •Task 20. Retell the text “How a Bill Becomes a Law” Grammar exercises
- •Unit 10 The Court System of Ukraine, the usa, England and Wales Task 1. Read and learn the vocabulary to the topic The Court System of Ukraine
- •The Court System of Ukraine
- •Court System of the usa. Court System of England and Wales
- •Court System of the usa. Court System of England and Wales
- •Judicial System of the usa and Great Britain
- •The System of Courts in the us
- •Grammar exercises
- •VI. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the following proverbs and translate them
- •Task 15. Read, translate and discuss the text with your partner English Courts
- •Law and the Legal System
- •Serving the law Ukrajina Incognita
- •Unit 11. English Law
- •English Law
- •The History of English Law
- •Comparison of Roman and English law
- •Task 9. Translate and match the words and word combinations with their definitions. Write down your own sentences with them
- •English Law
- •English Legal System
- •Common law systems
- •The common law and the law of equity paculiarities
- •Roman Law
- •Roman Law History of Roman law
- •The structure, character and content of Roman law
- •Continental systems
- •Roman law
- •Grammar exercises.
- •1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Infinitive
- •II. Please choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence
- •III. Make up the sentences with the following parts
- •IV. Make up your own sentences with the underlined models using different Infinitive forms.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English using Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions
- •Unit 12 Types of Branches of Law in Ukraine, Great Britain, usa Task 1. Read and learn the vocabulary to the topic Law. Functions of Law. Classification of Laws
- •Definition of Law
- •Functions of Law
- •Classifications of Law
- •Constitutional Law
- •Family Law
- •Law of Torts
- •Labour law
- •Maritime or Admiralty law
- •Administrative law
- •Elder law
- •Grammar Exercises
- •I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to Complex Object and Complex Subject
- •III. Make up sentences using the given tables
- •Іv. Complete these sentences using the Complex Object:
- •V. Translate these sentences into English
- •VI. Complete these sentences using the Complex Subject:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to Infinitive Constructions
- •Unit 13
- •International Entities. The uno,the icj European Parliament. Court of Human Rights Task 1. International Entities and International Law
- •International Entities and International Law
- •International Organizations – the un specialized Agencies
- •International organizations Related to the un System
- •European Union
- •European Parliament
- •International Inter-Regional Organizations
- •Grammar exercises
- •IV. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian, underline the participles, identify their functions
- •V. Translate the sentences into English
- •VI. Open the brackets using Participle I, II:
- •VII. Put the questions to the sentences:
- •IX. Complete the sentences and make clear that the people don't / didn't do it themselves (The first sentence is given as an example.)
- •X. Combine the sentences using participle constructions (Present Participle or Past Participle). (The first sentence is given as an example)
- •XI. Replace the Relative Clause by a Participle Construction while keeping the rest of the sentence unchanged.
- •9. Animals that eat plants are called herbivores. Unit 15 Criminal Law. Types of Crimes
- •Crime and Punishment
- •Legal Definition of Crime and Criminal
- •Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice System
- •Criminal Law
- •Capital punishment: for and against
- •Financial Costs
- •Barbarity
- •Futility
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the form of the Gerund and its function
- •II. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary
- •III. Complete the sentence using Gerund
- •IV. Translate these sentences into English
- •V. Make up your own sentences with the underlined models
- •Grammar in Tables System of English Tense Forms
- •Passive Voice Forms (Форми пасивного стану)
- •Active Voice
- •Direct & Indirect Speech
- •The Oblique Moods
- •Modal (Defective) Verbs
- •Remember!
- •Will - would (only in Present and Future) are used for expressing:
- •Remember!
- •Remember!
- •Remember!
- •1 Of time (часу)
- •4. In different word combinations (в різних словосполученнях):
- •5. With the following verbs and nouns (з наступними дієсловами та іменниками):
- •Types of Interrogative Sentences (Типи питальних речень)
- •The Conjunction
- •Word - Building (Словотворення)
- •1. Main Word - Forming Suffixes
- •2. Main Word - Forming Prefixes
- •II Table of Irregular Verbs (Таблиця найуживаніших нестандартних дієслів)
- •Список рекомендованої літератури з англійської мови
Crime and Punishment
Acrimeisawrongwhich affects the public welfare, a wrong for which the state has prescribed a punishment or penalty. It is an act or omission prohibited by law because it is injurious to the public.
Crimes may be classified as treason, felony and misdemeanor. Treason is the offence in attempting to overthrow the government or in betraying a state into the hands of a foreign power. Felonies are those crimes punishable by death or by imprisonment in a state prison. Felonies are considered serious or grave crimes. Crimes less serious in nature are called misdemeanors.
Sometimes crimes are labeled as mala in se (moral evil) or mala prohibita (crimes prohibited by law). Examples of crimes which are mala in se are murder, rape, arson, burglary, larceny, forgery, bribery, robbery and the like. Examples of crimes standing for mala prohibita are crimes violating government requirements for licensing, corporation law, government regulations for the labeling of products, printing or publishing copyrighted musical compositions without the consent of the owner, bookmaking and the use of gambling apparatus. Violations of the labour law may be included to this list either.
When a court imposes punishment for a breach of the law it shouldn’t be taken as a vengeance but rather as an endeavour to discourage the person who has broken the law from repeating this act.
What is the purpose of punishment?
One purpose is obviously to make the offender to confess for his misdeeds and to assist (him or her) to return to normal life as a useful member of the community. Punishment can also be seen as a deterrent because it cautions other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law.
A lot of people believe we should make the punishment "fit for the crime". Those who steal from the others should be deprived of their property. For those who attack others corporal punishment should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" and automatically receive the death penalty. On the other hand such views may seemcruel and barbaric. Modern humansociety should demonstrate a more humane attitude to punishment. We have to try to understand why a wrongdoer commits a crime and how and why society has failed to enable him to live a respectable and law-abiding life.
Task 3. Answer the following questions:
What is crime?
What does the state prescribe a punishment for?
How may the crimes be classified?
Can you give a definition of a treason?
Is it possible to determine the distinction between felonies and misdemeanors?
What do we mean when we label crimes as mala in se or mala prohibita?
Can you give the examples of felonies?
What kind of violations of government requirements stand for mala prohibita?
How should the punishment for the breach of the law be taken by the person (the offender)?
What is the purpose of punishment?
Why may punishment also be seen as a deterrent?
Should the punishment be “fit for the crime”?
Do you support cruel view on punishment or humane one?
Who has to try to understand a wrongdoer?
Is it easy to live a respectable and law-abiding life?
Task 4. Pick out from the text all the word combinations with the following words and give their Ukrainian equivalents
Breach, crime, to provide for, punishment, penalty
Task 5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the underlined words
Bribery may be triable in the country where the offer is made or accepted.
The pedestrian negligence may prevent him from recovering for his injuries in an automobile accident.
Once a person is acquitted or has paid the penalty for his crime, he may not thereafter be arrested for the same crime.
Forgerymust be prosecuted in the country where the forgery was committed.
A state court action may involve an injury to a person or property, a breach of contract or a score of other matters.
The state legislature has inherent power to define crimes and enact laws punishing them.
Task 6. Make the following sentences complete by translating the phrases in brackets
A crime is an act or omission prohibited by law (оскільки воно є шкідливим для суспільства).
( Злочини можуть бути класифіковані як ) treason,feloniesandmisdemeanors.
Punishmentforacrime(може бути накладено лише судом).
(Покарання за порушення закону) isnotvengeance.
A statute (може передбачати)imprisonment in the state prison and a fine.
Every individual who sees another person (намагається скоїти злочин)has to do his best (щоб запобігти скоїти злочин).
Afine(може вдвічі перевищувати вартість викрадених товарів).
It is necessary (виконувати вимоги уряду) for the labeling of products.
Task 7. Complete the following sentences
1.He was charged with (підпал, вбивство, крадіжка із зломом, крадіжка, підробка або підлог, привласнення або розтрата, порушення авторського права, зрада Батьківщині, хабарництво).
2.Many attempts have been made to propose (визначення злочину).
3. The criminal law studies the mental condition of the offender both for (покарання і попередження покарання).
4. Thelawdistinguishesbetween(кримінальним і громадянським правопорушенням).
5. To prevent crime is more important than (покарання за скоєний злочин).
Task 8. Change each sentence by choosing an appropriate synonym from the list below for the underlined words
Penalty, omission, perpetrate, failure, impose, to be about to do something, without the consent of, offence, affect.
A Bill can’t become an Act of parliament without the assent of the Monarch.
A person can be convicted of such a crime as treason only on the testimony of two witnesses, or confession in open court.
Punishment is the consequence imposed upon the perpetrator for the violation of the law or the violation of a personal right.
The determination of the extent of the claimant’s negligence is left to the court and jury.
When the court determines a criminal case it lays on punishment upon the accused.
He was going to explain his innocence but failed.
A crime is an act or negligence which influences the public welfare.
People who commit this kind of crime are not ordinary criminals.
Negligent act is the omission of a duty that should have been performed.
Task 9.Match each word on the left with the appropriate definition on the right
an arsonist a) attacs and robs people, often in the streets
a shop-lifter b) sets fire to property illegally
a mugger c) is anyone who breaks the law
an offender d) breaks into houses to steal
a vandal e) steals from shops while acting as an ordinary
customer
a burglar f) kills someone
a murderer g) deliberately damage to property
a kidnapper h) steals things from people’s pockets in
crowded places
a peckpocket i) gets secret information from another country
10) an accomplice j)buys and sells drugs illegally
11) a drug dealer k) takes away peple by force and demands
money for their return
12) a spy l) helps a criminal in a criminal act
13) a terrorist m) uses violence for political reasons
14) an assassin n) causes damage or disturbance in public
places
15) a hooligan o) hides on a ship or plane to get a free journey
16) a stowaway p) takes control of a plane by force and makes
the pilot change course
17) a thief q) murders for political reasons or a reward
18) a highjacker r) is someone who steals
19) a forger s) makes counterfeit (false) money or
signatures
20) a robber t)is a member of a criminal group
21) a smuggler u) steals money, etc. by force from peple or
places
22) a traitor v) marries illegally, being married already
23) a gangster w) is a soldier who runs away from the army
24) a deserter x) brings goods into a country illegally without
paying tax
25) a bigamist y) illegally carries drugs into another country
26) drug smuggler z) betrays his or her country to another state
Task 10. Read the text and write down new legal terms. Translate them and learn