Task 19. Read the text and discuss it in the form of the dialogue, using clichés, set expressions and phrases given below Training

The training of solicitors is stringent. Most solicitors are law graduates, although some are qualified in other disciplines (which the Law Society considers equivalent in academic rigor). Those, who have graduated in other subjects, are obliged to take the Common Professional Examination (CPE), a one year course, which instructs them in the principles of law. At this point, a trainee lawyer can choose whether to become a solicitor or a barrister. In the latter case, the further period of training before qualification will be somewhat shorter.

Both law graduates and CPE students must complete a further course equivalent to a year’s full-time study, the Law Society’s Legal Practice Course. This further year of training balances substantive law, practice and procedure, with at least 25% of time spent acquiring skills like drafting, interviewing, negotiation, advocacy and legal research. Students are also instructed in the keeping of accounts and professional ethics, particularly important because solicitors generally handle large amounts of clients’ money. At the end of the course, students are examined in the four compulsory substantive law subjects (Conveyancing; Wills, Probate and Administration; Business Law and Practice; Litigation and Advocacy), together with the private client or business client options they have chosen.

As far as I understand… Наскільки я розумію...

I fully agree with you. Я повністю погоджуюсь з вами

I disagree with you. Я незгоден з вами.

That’s just what

I was going to say. Це як раз те, про що я хотів сказати.

You are mistaken. Ви помиляєтесь.

I am not sure but I believe… Я не впевнений, але мені

здається...

Task 20. Write a list of words, unknown to you. Use your dictionary to check their meaning

Task 21. Retell the text “Barrister and Solicitors”

Texts for additional reading Task 1. Read and translate the text Judges

By contrast with many other European countries, the judiciary in England and Wales is not a separate career-Judges are appointed from both branches of the legal profession. They serve in the House of Lords (the final appellate court), the Court of Appeal, The High Court and Crown Court or as Circuit or District Judges.

The Circuit Judges sit either in Crown Courts to try criminal cases or in County Courts to try civil cases. There are also part-time Judges appointed from both branches of the practising legal profession, who serve in the Crown Court, County Court or on various tribunals, for instance, those dealing with unfair dismissal from employment.

There are a few hundred judges, trained as barristers, who preside in more serious cases. There is no separate training for judges.

In fact, most cases are dealt not by Judges but by lay people, who are appointed to various tribunals, because of their special knowledge, experience and good standing. For instance, the majority of minor criminal cases are judged by Justices of the Peace in Magistrates’ Courts. They are not legally qualified or paid, but are respected members of the community, who sit as magistrates part-time. The vast majority of judges are unpaid. They give up time voluntarily. They are called “Magistrates”, or “Justices of the Peace” (JPs). There are called 28,000 JPs in England; each of them works in the court on about 30-50 days a year.

Magistrates are selected by special committees in every town and district. Nobody, not even the Magistrates themselves, knows who is on the special committee in their area. The committee tries to draw Magistrates from as wide a variety of professions and social classes as possible.

The Lord Chancellor, who is a member of the Government and also Speaker of the House of Lords, appoints all members of the judiciary. The Lord Chancellor holds a function similar to that of a Minister of Justice, although some matters concerning the administration of justice are the responsibility of the Home Secretary.

Once appointed, Judges are completely independent of both the legislature and the executive, and so are free to administer justice without fear of political interference.