Text 26. Police in other english speaking countries

1. Australia

The early settlers in Australia set up night watches and the first police were appointed in 1810. There were many small remote communities far away from government assistance and supervision, and so the local police had to take on many different roles as the only representatives of law and order. Each state gradually developed its own police department, and they have remained separate, even after federation. The Australian Federal Police Force is responsible for policing the Australian Capital territory, enforcing Commonwealth Law, and protecting Commonwealth property. State forces are headed by commissioners and funded by parliament.

2. New Zealand

The first New Zealand police force, mainly military in character, was set up in 1846 to preserve the peace and prevent crime. The armed constabulary was formed in 1867 and later merged with the provincial police forces in several large towns. A national civil police system was established in 1886, along with a criminal investigation department. In 1958 the New Zealand police was constituted which replaced the earlier forces. The New Zealand police, like the British police, are still largely unarmed.

3. Canada

The Canadian police system is decentralized, but not as much as the United States system. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is a national police force originally modelled on the Royal Irish Constabulary and mounted on horseback. Today they ride only on ceremonial occasions. The “Mounties” patrol the unsettled areas, the rural areas where there is no local police force.

Each city in Canada may have its own municipal police department originally based on the European system, or it may arrange for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or the provincial police to take care of it. The provinces of Ontario and Quebec have their own police forces to enforce laws in rural areas and in towns where their services are asked for. The Quebec force is also modelled on the English system, not the French. Some departments of the national government also have certain law enforcement power.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police are headed by a Commissioner who reports to the federal government and to the Attorneys-General of those provinces where the RCMP provides provincial police services.

With more than 16 00 officers and about 5 000 civilian employees, the force maintains six crime detection laboratories across Canada and a computerized police information center in Ottawa. The RCMP also maintain a training academy in Regina and the Canadian Police College in Ottawa, which offers advanced courses to members of other police forces in Canada and around the world.

Appendix 2

Law and justice in english proverbs

1. Although invisible there are always two witnesses at our every action, God and our conscience.

2. Anger is to be avoided in inflicting punishment.

3. Better no law than law not enforced.

4. Better ten guilty escape than one innocent man suffer.

5. Crime does not pay.

6. Crimes are made secure by greater crimes.

7. Don’t hear one and judge two.

8. Every land has its own laws.

9. Every law has a loophole.

10. Every one is held to be innocent until he is proven guilty.

11. Extreme justice is extreme injustice.

12. A fault confessed is half redressed.

13. From a foolish judge a quick sentence.

14. Give credit where credit is due.

15. Good laws often proceed from bad manners.

16. A good lawyer must be a great liar.

17. A good judge conceives quickly, judges slowly.

18. Go to law for a sheep and lose your cow.

19. A great crime is in a great man greater.

20. Hear all parties.

21. He sins as much who holds the bag as he who puts into it.

22. He that will steal a pin will steal a better thing.

23. He who accuses too many accuses himself.

24. He who is free from vice himself is the slower to suspect it in others.

25. He who makes a law should keep it.

26. He who profits by a crime commits it.

27. Hide nothing from thy minister, physician, and lawyer.

28. If there were no receivers, there would be no thieves.

29. Judge not that you be not judged.

30. To know the law and to do the right are two different things.

31. Law cannot persuade, where it cannot punish.

32. Law governs man, reason the law.

33. The law grows of sin, and chastises it.

34. Lawmakers should not be law breakers.

35. The law sometimes sleeps but never dies.

36. Lawsuits consume time, and money, and rest, and friends.

37. Let the punishment fit the crime.

38. Man punishes the action, but God the intention.

39. Many lords, many laws.

40. A monarch should be slow to punish, swift to reward.

41. The more laws, the more offenders.

42. Much law, but little justice.

43. New lords, new laws.

44. Poverty is the mother of crime.

45. The prince and even the people are responsible for the crime they neglect to punish.

46. The receiver is as bad as the thief.

47. There is one law for the rich and another for the poor.

48. The thief is sorry he is to be hanged, but not that he is a thief.

49. A thief knows a thief as a wolf knows a wolf.

50. A thief passes for a gentleman when stealing has made him rich.

51. The thief proceeds from a needle to gold and from gold to the gallows.

52. A thief thinks every man steals.

53. The truth is the best advocate.

54. Where law ends tyranny begins.

55. Who punishes one threatens a hundred.

56. Win your lawsuit and lose your money.

57. The wise man seeks the lawyer early.

58. The worst punishment of all is the court of his own conscience, no guilty man is acquitted.

59. Wrong laws make short governance.

60. You cannot make people honest by Act of Parliament.