Task 14. Fill the gaps with the prepositions; read and translate the text.

Each of Britain’s fifty-two police services is responsible … law enforcement in its own area. … addition there are various national and regional connections (for example, in areas of training or the transfer of criminal records), and local services cooperate … each other. Some special services, such as the Fraud Squad (who investigate financial crime), are available to any local service … England and Wales. … general, however, the local police services work independently under their own Chief Constables. Each service is maintained … a local police authority. The exception is London, where the Metropolitan Police are responsible … the Home Secretary.

Task 15. Read the text and render its contents in Russian. Police officers

Police services are composed of police officers. The term “officer” is not used by the police to denote those in the higher ranks as contrasted with those in the other ranks; it includes all policemen and women.

There are different kinds of police officers. The great majority are regular police officers, that is they usually serve for 25 years or more and retire on pension.

The hierarchy of ranks is fashioned on a military model with regular grades of subordination – chief constables, superintendents¹, inspectors, sergeants and constables. Intermediate ranks such as assistant chief constable, chief superintendent, chief inspector may be adopted with the Home Secretary’s approval.

The structure of a police service generally depends upon its type, responsibilities and size. Each service has a senior chief officer usually called the Chief Constable though in the two London services – the Metropolitan Police and the City of London Police – the most senior officer is the Commissioner².

Women make up 10% of the police service.

The police are helped by a number of special constables³ – members of the public who work for the police voluntarily for a few hours a week.

¹superintendent –суперинтендент полиции (полицейский чин, следующий за инспектором полиции)

²Сommissioner of Police – комиссар полиции

³special constables - специальные констебли (помогают полиции в экстренных случаях; работают в свободное время на добровольной основе; используются в случае возникновения гражданских беспорядков и т.п.)

Task 16. Fill the gaps with the words from the box; read and translate the text.

rate duties firearms control

uniformed riot Investigation violence

detectives truncheons wardens authorities

Police … cover a wide range of activities, from traffic … to more specialized departments such as river police. Each independent service has a … branch and a Criminal … Department with … in plain clothes. In addition, the police … in England and Wales employ 40,000 civilians and nearly 5,000 traffic … .

Britain has relatively few police – approximately one policeman for every 400 people – and traditionally they are armed only with … except in special circumstances. However, recent years have seen some major changes in police policy in response to industrial disputes and inner city¹ … in Great Britain. In general, there has been an increase in the number of special units trained in crowd and … control and in the use of …, a controversial area for the British police. The number of police has risen along with the crime … .

_____________

¹inner city – старая часть города (часто перенаселенная, застроенная старыми домами)

Task 17. Practise the following for pronunciation.

administrative /qd'mInItrqtIv/ original /q'rIGInql/

Commissioner /kq'mISnq/ serious /'sIqriqs/

crown /kraVn/ photography /fq'tPgrqfi/

recommendation /"rekqmqn'deISn/ dignitary /'dIgnItqri/

supervise /'sHpqvaIz/ royalty /'rOIqlti/

preservation /"prqzq'veISn/ personnel /"pE:sq'nel/

supervision /"sHpq'vIZn/ Commonwealth /'kPmqnwelT/

licensing /'laIsqnsIN/ Interpol /'IntqpPl/

Task 18. Read and translate the text.