3.2.10 Точка

Точка (period) употребляется в названиях рисунков и сносок (in Fig. 3). Точка не используется после большинства сокращений и символов, кроме тех случаев, когда такое сокращение может быть принято за другое слово, например, at. (atomic), No. (number) и т.д.

Слово period обычно используется для обозначения точки в конце предложения. Слово point обозначает разделитель в десятичных дробях, десятичную точку. Слово dot обозначает точку как графический знак и используется как разделительный символ между именем и расширением файла, в адресах Интернета и электронной почты.

3.2.11 Дефис

Дефис (hyphen) употребляется без пробелов с обеих сторон. Дефис используется для образования составных слов:

up-to-date	своевременный, соответствующий современным требованиям
state-of-the-art	самый современный, последнее слово техники
yet-to-find reserves	неразведанные запасы

Дефис используется при присоединении слов, суффиксов и префиксов к сокращениям или к буквам:

x-ray

y-axis

e-mail

Упражнение 72. Вставьте необходимые тире, скобки или запятые вместо пробелов и переведите предложения

1. Semi__ open impellers and open impellers rely on the close clearance between impeller and pump casing __ about 0.5 mm__ for their function. 2. Normally a free passage of 80 mm will be sufficient for unscreened sewage in small and medium__ sized pumps. 3. A double__ channel impeller is shown in Figure 23. 4. For heavy__ duty reciprocating engines, three__ layer bearings are common. 5. Copper__ lead alloys containing 20 to 50% lead__ either cast or sintered on a steel back__ provide good fatigue resistance for heavy__ duty main and connecting rod bearings for automotive__ truck__diesel__and aircraft engines. 6. The 10% lead__10% tin leaded bronze has been a traditional selection for bearings in steel mills__ appliances__pumps__ automotive piston pins__ and trunions. 7. Various plastics__ porous bronze and porous iron__ carbon-graphite__ rubber__ and wood are widely used for bearings operating dry or with sparse lubrication. 8. If a single heated element is used within an array of unheated elements__ the resulting heat transfer coefficient is implicitly defined as hadiabatic and should be identified as such. 9. It uses a uniform and constant__temperature substrate __originally__ a tank of warm water__ now a copper block__ covered with a layer of known thermal resistance __originally__ a plate of glass__ now a thin layer of epoxy__. 10. Even highly irregular geometries can be studied with this technique__ if the streamwise extent of the specimen is small and the testing time is short. 11. Sometimes the “effective average heat transfer coefficient” for a system is inferred from the overall behavior of the system__ e.g. __ estimating h from the effectiveness of a heat exchanger. 12. This circuit can be used to predict the temperature distribution within the probe both at steady state and during transients and can be refined__ if needed__by subdividing the resistance and capacitance entities. 13. At 1 m/sec air velocity__ the self-heating error is reduced to between 0.03 and 0.3 ºC. 14. The resistance__temperature characteristic of a probe may drift __i.e., change with time__ while the probe is in service. 15. The principal disadvantages of temperature__sensitive paints and crayons are that they require visual interpretation__ which can be highly subjective__ and they are one__shot, irreversible indicators which respond to the highest temperature encountered during the test cycle.