Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have worked He has worked She has worked It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked	I I have not worked He has not worked She has not worked It has not worked We have not worked You have not worked They have not worked	Have I worked? Has he worked? Has she worked? Has it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked?

I’ve worked He’s worked I haven’t worked He hasn’t worked

• The Present Perfect is always connected with the present. It denotes a completed action connected with the present. I am a little frightened for I have lost my way.

• The Present Perfect is frequently used with the adverbs ever, never ,just, already, yet, lately, recently, this morning/evening, today, this week and with the prepositions for, since. What historical places have you seen ?

Ex.8.Read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use the verb given in brackets.

Example: Hugh is listening to some music. It is a new cassette (buy). Hugh has bought a new cassette.

1. Andrew is sleeping soundly. It is late morning (oversleep)..... 2. You are going to sit down to dinner and discover there is no bread in the house. (run out of). 3. Last weekend Gen went mountain-walking. Now she is in bed. (to catch a bad cold) 4.Your neighbours were playing their VCR very loud. Now it's quiet. (switch off)

Ex.9. Answer the questions using the words given.

Example: Could you lend me your dictionary? (sorry, I /just /give/it/to Mike) I Sorry. I've just given it to Mike.

1.Has Mother come from the market? (yes/she/just/come/from the market) 2.Have you phoned Jack yet? (yes /I/just /phone/him) 3.Would you like some coffee? (no thanks/I/just/have/a cup)

Ex.10. Put in been or gone.

Example: Where's Paul? - He has gone to the library.

We've been to the country today. Look, we've brought some flowers.

1.Where have you spent your holidays? - I've ... to Italy.

2.Are you going to the shops? - No, I've just ... to the shops.

3.Is Alex at home? No, he's ... to the park.

4.Are they both out? - Yes, they've both ... to the market,

Ex.11. Make sentences with already and yet.

Example: Don't forget to pack some warm clothes. - I've already packed them.

Have you typed the letters yet? - Yes, I've already typed them.

Have you bought that dress? - No, I haven't bought it yet, but I'm going

to buy it.

1.Why don't you have a bath?-.... .

2.Shall I buy some newspapers? - No, .... .

3.Have you asked Jim yet? - Yes, .... .

4.Have you invited Larry and Sue? - No, I, ... but I am ... .

5.Has the manager arrived yet? – Yes, .... .

6.Has Jill written to Dad? - No. she ... . but she ... tonight.

Ex.12.Use the words in brackets to make questions according to a pattern.

Example: (he/ever/paint/people). Has he ever painted people?

1. Have (you ever/be/to Scotland?)

2. Have (your parents/live/here all their lives?)

3. Have (you/hear/this concert?)

4. Have (how many times/you/ be married?)

5. Have (he/ever/meet/the President?)

6. Have (you/ever/visit/the White House?)

Ex.13. Translate the questions and answers.

Example: Сен Аняны соңғы рет қашан көрдің? – Мен оны мамырдан бері көрмедім. When did you last see Ann? - I haven't seen her since May.

Жаңбыр соңғы рет қашан жауды? – Жаңбыр ықылым заманнан жауған жоқ. 2. Олар сіздерге соңғы рет қашан келіп еді? – Олар бізге маусымнан бері келген жоқ. 3. Сен соңғы рет қашан теннис ойнадың?— Мен көптен бері теннис ойнаған жоқпын. 4. Сен соңғы рет қашан кокос жедің? – Мен ешқашан кокос жеп көрмеппін. 5. Сен соңғы рет қашан машина жүргіздің? –Мен машина жүргізбегелі көп айдың жүзі болды. 6. Сен соңғы рет қашан Канадаға барып едің? – Мен Канадаға ешқашан барып көрген жоқпын. 7. Ол саған соңғы рет қашан хат жазып еді? – Ол маған былтырғы жаздан бері жазған жоқ.

UNIT 2

EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

Text: Higher education in Kazakhstan.

Grammar: The Past Perfect Tense.

The Almaty State University named after Abai.

In 2003 the Almaty State University (ASU) named after Abai celebrated its 75^th anniversary. ASU is a classical higher educational institution that gives its graduates fundamental educational and scientific training and a high level of general and professional culture.

The university has 10 departments that prepare highly qualified specialists in 94 specializations. The university offers instruction in the following languages: Kazakh, Russian, English, German, French, Arabic, Turkish, Chinese, Korean, Farsi, Uigur, etc. ASU successfully implements a multilevel system of higher education, which varies according to duration and level of training and includes educational and professional programs for secondary specialized education, higher and additional higher education, and retraining of specialists. 13 000 undergraduate students and 650 graduate and post-graduate students and university-fellows study at ASU named after Abai. Over one thousand of instructors work in 69 sub-faculties. They include 208 with doctorate degrees, 550 senior lecturers, 40 members and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the International Academy of Sciences of the Higher School. During the past 5 years 33 doctorate and 69 graduate theses were defended by university’s instructors.

During 2001, the university’s instructors presented 62 papers at international conferences in the U.S.A., France, Germany, Czech Republic, Japan, Holland, India and CIS countries. 34 papers were presented at republic-wide conferences. 11 and 15 works correspondingly were exhibited at international and republic-wide exhibitions. 63 monographs and 45 books were published, 6 certificates of authorship were received. The president of the country, N.A.Nazarbaev referred to the role of the Kazakhstan's oldest higher educational institution as the “leader of university education in the country”. The following are honorary professors of ASU named after Abai: President of Ukraine, L.D.Kuchma; President of Belarus, A.G.Lukashenko; President of Mongolia, N.Bagabandi; President of Georgia, E.A.Shevardnadze; President of International Academy of Sciences of the Higher School V.E. Shukshunov, and others.

Electronic textbooks, educational software and laboratory workshops on various subjects are created at the university. 27 modern computer classes with Internet access are functioning. ASU has specialized language auditoriums. There are 3 ultramodern language laboratories for 90 seats – a gift of the Japanese Embassy – and language laboratories for teaching French, Turkish, German, English, Arabic and Korean languages. Embassies of foreign countries provided educational literature and study methods, video and audio materials, videotape recorders, television sets, tape recorders and other equipment. There are 920 550 books in the library.

The university maintains contact with 35 higher educational institutions of the U.S.A., Germany, Holland, Russia, Austria, France, Italy, Turkey, Japan, South Korea and other countries. Its instructors and staff are involved in implementing projects of Tacis and Tempus, United States Information Agency, United States International Cooperation Agency, and Asian Development Bank.

During the last school year approximately 70 students and 40 instructors travelled abroad. Over 200 foreign citizens study at ASU. The president of the university, Tokmukhamed Sadykov is a corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Higher School. He is a major organizer of the educational system and initiator of implementation of the best international educational standards in the Kazakhstani higher school. Today, in the beginning of the 21^st century, the Almaty State University named after Abai maintains its high status of Kazakhstan's first higher educational institution, carrying on and multiplying its renowned traditions.