Grammar: The Passive Voice.

• We use the infinitive after modal verbs and a number of other verbs. The passive infinitive is to be done/ to have been done

Can/could May/ might Must/ have to Should/ would Needn’t

Can be done have been done

Lions and tigers can be seen in Zoos. He spoke very clearly; he could be heard by everyone

• The verbs which take prepositional objects can form passive construction of the following pattern:

smb is smth was will be

sent for spoken about laught at

The verbs taking prepositional objects.

to agree to/with- (біреумен) келісу

to agree on/upon- келісімге келу

to call for,on – ( біреудің) артынан кіру

to deal with – (біреумен) жұмысы болу

to hear of – (туралы) есту

to insist on/upon – дегеніне көндіру

to laugh at – (біреуге) күлу

to look after- күтіп баптау

to put with- табысу

to refer to- жүгіну

to send for- біреудің артынан жіберу

to think of- (біреу) туралы ойлау

to comment on – түсініктеме беру

to provide for- жабдықтау, қамдау

to lose sight of- көзден жоғалту

to make use of- пайдалану, қолдану

Ex.6.Read the situation and write a sentence. Use the words in brackets.

Example: He seldom keeps his promise.(he/can/rely/on)

1.The child is very ill.(the doctor /send/for) 2. The old car is in excellent condition.(it/look/after /well). 3. He was speaking for two hours. (he/listened to/ in silence) 4. She is going into hospital tomorrow. (she/ take good care of). 5. This little boy is always dirty. (he/look after/ properly).6. She is always breaking things in the kitchen. (she/speak to/about her carelessness). 7. He’s a sensible man.(his advise/listen to carefully) 8.The dentist said her teeth were very bad.(they/ take care of). 9. He never broke a promise in his life.(he/rely on)10. Shakespeare was born more that 400 years ago.(he/look upon/the greatest of English poets)

Ex.7.Put the following into the passive where necessary.

1.You can’t wash this dress.(it/dry-clean).2. They discuss unimportant things.(a lot of time/waste). 3. They will type your letters in a minute.(the letters/ type/ in the other office) 4. I can’t play now.(my piano/ repair/ at the moment) 5. The guests ate other sandwiches, and drank all the lemonade.( nothing/ leave). 6. I can’t find my parcel anywhere.(it/ post?) 7. I have no information.(I/ inform/ of the change of the plan).8.I’m afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more.(more/ order).9. The letter can’t be mailed.(it/ not stamp). 10. I would like to meet her mother.(I/ not introduce/ yet).

Ex.8. Give the corresponding passive construction.

1. We looked through all the advertisements very attentively.2. The gardener gathered all the dry leaves and set fire to them. 3. People will talk much about the successful debut of the young actress, no doubt.4. You can rely upon your guide’s experience. 5. Why didn’t the speaker dwell longer upon this question? 6. You should send the sick man to hospital. They will look after him much better there.7. A famous architect has designed the new theatre this week. 8. This plant had fulfilled the yearly plan by the 15 december.9. The workers are discharging the steamer. 10. The students read the text and translated it into English. 11.Who has written this article?

Ex.9. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.

Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker. When he (die), he (give) a magnificent funeral which (attend) by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) in West Minister Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) the streets to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) by 6 black horses. The mourners (follow) in silence. Lord Manners (give) a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd, they (watch) the procession. As solemn music (can/hear) in the distance, one of them (turn) other and (whisper) in admiration: ”Now that’s what I call really living! ” (from “Longman English Grammar Practice”by L.G. Alexander)

Ex.10. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Бұл профессордың дәрістерін әрдайым үлкен қызығушылықпен тыңдайды. 2. Мені Джон бөліп жіберді. 3. Оны (бәрі) әрқашан жақсы көрді және оған сенді. 4. Оны достары күтеді. 5. Мен қысқа хаттың қарындашпен жазылғанына сенімдімін. 6. Есікті кексе әйел ашты, және Джейнді кіші қонақ бөлмеге жіберді. 7. Кереует салынбаған, орындық сынған. 8. Бұл хатқа директор қолы жаңа ғана қойылған. 9. Тауарлар әлі жеткізілмеген. 10. Бұл келісім-шартқа қол қойылған ба? 11. Бұл сұрақ әлі зерттелмеген. 12. Жәшіктер саналған. Оларды қоймаға апарып тастауға болады. 13. Кітапхана жабық болды, себебі сағат 8 болды. 14. Бұл фильм жөнінде көп айтады. 15. Ол өзін неліктен сонда жіберетінін біліп қояды. 16. Қала бойынша экскурсия кезінде болат өндіретін зауытты көрсетті. 17. Жақсы оқылатын кітаптарды кітапхана сөрелерінен аз кездестіресің.

UNIT 10

TRAVELLING

Text: Traveling

Grammar: Modal verbs (can, may, must and their equivalents).

Travelling

The scientific and technological progress of the 20-th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance, to cover in the twinkling of an eye the vast expanse of our planet. The whole world is open now. The limitations of former times have ceased to exist.

Modern life is impossible without travellng. Most of us in big cities begin every day with travelling to our schools, offices and factories. For some people it is quite a trip to get from home to work. They go by underground, they change to a bus or they take a taxi. From time to time we have to go to another city or country on business. Then after a year’s work people go on holiday and they do not like to spend it at home.

Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, to see different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.

Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or on the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun.

People who wish to travel either for pleasure or on business have at their disposal various means of transport. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane. It is better to book tickets in advance. On the appointed day you go to airport by car. Soon you’ll be boarding the big airliner and it will carry you to new lands. When on the plane you may look around. In front of you in the cockpit you’ll see the pilot and his crew. Some of the passengers are already reclining in comfortable armchairs. There is a kitchen in the rear part of the plane where the stewardesses are preparing the meals. Presently we take off and in a few minutes the pilot informs us of the altitude. Sometimes it is possible to see land. It is like a geographical map. Our plane is due to arrive in eight hours. The time passes quickly. The plane arrives at the airport on time.

Travelling by train is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. When on the train you can always see the country side around you , so you are not simply travelling, but your holidays have already begun. To have a good trip by train you must book the tickets in advance. When the day of your departure comes, you go to the railway station, which is usually closer to your home than the airport. The porter helps you with your luggage. You go to your carriage and find out if you have a lower or upper berth in your compartment. Each compartment has its own window, a place for your suitcases and, of course, four berths.

Travelling by sea is mostly for those who are going on holiday and want a pleasant voyage. On board of a large cruise ship people traverse oceans and visit other countries. The ship stops for a day or two in different ports and people go ashore on excursions. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent and very long voyage, with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you.

Many people prefer travelling by car. This way you can explore the nearby towns and cities. The greatest advantage is that you can stop whenever you like and that you are not bound by any schedule. You start from your own front door and take any road you like.

Coach tours are not expensive and very popular. There is a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time.

One of the cheapest and the most popular ways of travelling is hiking. It is always a great experience for a lover of nature.