Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech

• Indirect General Questions

The Inversion in the direct question changes to statement word order.

We use if / whether (ли) after ask, want to know, wonder, not know, didn’t say / tell me. Note: to ask smb; to ask a question

Ann’s mother asked her, “Are you tired?” Ann’s mother asked her if she was tired.

He asked his friend, ”Do you like the wine?” He asked his friend if he liked the wine.

• Indirect Special Questions.

An indirect special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces the direct question.

Peter asked, ”Who has taken my book?” Peter asked who had taken his book.

I asked the gardener, “What are you planting here this year

Ex. 6. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.

1. The teacher asked Tom: “Do you come to school by bus or on foot?” 2. A man stopped me in the street and asked: “Have you got a watch?” 3. The teacher asked us: “ Do you understand the question?”4. Henry’s father asked his son: “ Do you want to be an engineer or a doctor?” 5. I asked my friend: "How do you feel after your holiday?" 6. "Alex is an educated man", remarks Flora. 7. "John never seems low or depressed", says Jane. 8. Jack's father asked him: "Who are you writing a letter to?" 9. "Jack is on the terrace. He is playing chess with his brother" , says Nelly. 10. I saw a cloud of smoke and asked: "What is burning?.” 11. I asked Peter: “Are you going to play football on Friday?” 12. He asked his secretary: “Hasn’t the postman been yet? ” 13. The teacher asked Tom, "Do you come to school by bus or on foot?". 14. A man stopped me in the street and asked, "Have you got a watch?". 15. The teacher asked us, "Do you understand the question?".

Ex.7. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.

1. The teacher asked: "Which number can be divided by three?" 2. Peter asked me: "When are you going to have dinner?” 3. The policeman asked me: "Where did you lose your wallet?" 4. The teacher came into the classroom and asked the pupils: "What are you doing?” 5. I asked Bob: "Why did not you answer my letter?” 6. There was a crowd in the street. I asked the man in the crowd: "What is the matter?” 7. Mother asked Jane: "What are you doing here?". 8. Margaret asked Richard: "Where are you going for your holidays?". 9. Ann asked Mary: "What do you usually have for breakfast?". 10. The inspector asked: "Who caused the accident?". 11. The teacher asked: "When did you learn to swim?'. 12. Mary's mother asked her: "Where have you put your shoes?"

Ex.8. Translate the sentence from Kazakh into English.

1. Мен одан пальтоны оған қайдан тіктірткенін сұрадым. 2. Мен одан соңғы уақытта тағы қандай французша кітаптарды оқығанын сұрадым. 3. Достары одан өткен жексенбіде қайда барғанын сұрады. 4. Ата-анамыз біздің жазда не істегелі жатқанымызды сұрады. 5. Біз оқытушыдан емтихандарды қалай тапсырғандарымызды сұрадық. 6. Мен одан бұл жұмысты қашан аяқтайтынын сұрадым. 7. Гид туристерден қаланы қалай аралағандарын сұрады. 8. Мен қонақтардан қалай ұйықтағандарын сұрадым. 9. Ол біздің театрға қаншалықты жиі баратынымызды білгісі келді. 10. Ол бізде мистер Долби қаншалықты ұзақ істейтінін білгісі келді. 11. Олар менен жұмыс уақытым қашан басталатынын сұрады. 12. Ол менің достарым қандай музыка ұнататын сұрады. 13. Біз одан достарының ішінде кім екі шет тілін білетінін сұрадық. 14. Журналистер жазушыдан қай кітапты жазу үстінде екенін сұрады. 15. Ол менен кеше қайда болғанымды сұрады. 16. Олар менің досымнан жазғы каникулды қалай өткізгенін сұрады.

Ex. 9. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns and tenses.

1. "What's the time?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know ……….

2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.

→ She asked me ………. 3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.

→ She asked him …………..

4."Where did they live?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know ………..

5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.

→ He asked her …………

6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.

→ She asked me …….

7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.

→ The teacher wanted to know ……

8. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.

→ She wanted to know………..

9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.

→ He asked me …….. 10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins. → The mother asked the twins …….

Ex. 10. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a statement or a question and whether you have to change the tenses or not.

1."I was very tired," she said. → She said …….

2."Be careful, Ben," she said. → She told Ben ……….

3."I will get myself a drink," she says. → She says ………..

4."Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me. → He wondered ……….

5."I cannot drive them home," he said. → He said ………

6."Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says. → She asks Peter ………..

7."Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me. → She asked me ……..

8. He said, "Don't go too far." → He advised her ……..

9."Have you been shopping?" he asked us. → He wanted to know ………….

10. "Don't make so much noise," he says. → He asks us ……..

Ex. 11. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns in some sentences.

1. She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me ……..

2. "Close the door behind you," he told me. → He told me ………..

3. "Don't be late," he advised us. → He advised us …………

4. "Stop staring at me," she said. → She told him …………

5. "Don't be angry with me," he said. → He asked her ……………

6. "Leave me alone," she said. → She told me …………..

7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us. → She warned us …………

8. "John, stop smoking," she said. → She told John ………..

9. "Don't worry about us," they said. → They told her …………

10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said. → He asked me …………….

Ex. 12. Imagine you want to repeat sentences that you heard two weeks ago in another place. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Change pronouns and expressions of time and place where necessary.

1. They said, "This is our book." → They said …………..

2. She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday." → She said ……………

3. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow." → He said …………

4. You said, "I will do this for him." → You said …………

5. She said, "I am not hungry now." → She said …………..

6. They said, "We have never been here before." → They said …………

7. They said, "We were in London last week." → They said …………

8. He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow." → He said …………..

9. He said, "They won't sleep." → He said …………

10. She said, "It is very quiet here." → She said ………….

UNIT 15

GETTING A JOB

Text: The Resume.

The Resume.

The first piece of information a company will receive about you is the resume. It should be presented at the beginning of any interview that you have with a company. Ideally, resume should not be longer than one page. The contents of a resume can be roughly categorized as: 1.Personal information (address, telephone number) 2. Job objective 3. Education 4. Experience 5. Skills 6. Extracurricular activities 7. References. The resume should also be perfect in grammar and appearance. The best resume is concise, while exceptional or unique. The objective, like the application or inquiry letter, is to attract attention and elicit a positive response.

The resume begins with personal information, name, address, telephone number centered at the top page.

The work history begins with the most recent job and work period (beginning and ending dates) and proceeds to the first or earlier jobs held. Positive attributes must be incorporated in every description of prior work experiences.

The reason for stating the type of firms where you’ve worked is to show prospective employers that you’re familiar with the industry. In fact, many job listings say something like this: “Experience in finance (or real estate, or law, etc. preferred.)”

The education history is also reported in reverse chronological order, with the most recent listed first.

For references, it’s permissible to merely state: “ References available upon request.” Don’t list references , however, unless you’ve first contacted the people you want to speak on your behalf. Get their permission to use their names. When making personal contacts, be ready to share with these people the top attributes that describe you in a positive way. Ask your references if they agree and, if so, will they please mention these attributes in their letters of reference.