4. Topical vocabulary

1.	to aid decision-making	шешім қабылдауда көмектесу
2.	fed with economic information	экономикалық ақпарат енгізу
3.	total income	жалпы кіріс
4.	total level of production	өндірістің жалпы деңгейі
5.	to deal with an isolated economy	оқшауланған экономикаға қатысты болу
6.	to carry on their concerns	өз ісін жалғастыру
7.	to provide labor services	жұмыс күшімен қамтамасыз ету
8.	to receive interest payments	төлемдерді өсім түрінде алу
9.	shares	акциялар
10.	to be entitled to a share of the profits	пайданың үлесіне құқылы болу
11.	factor services	өндіріс факторлары
12.	the water authorities	су шаруашылығын басқару
13.	to supply share capital	акционерлік капиталды ұсыну
14.	to portray	бейнелеп көрсету
15.	a monetary flow	ақша ағыны
16.	an opposite stream	қарама-қарсы ағын
17.	factor payments	өндіріс факторларына шаққандағы табыс
18.	to measure the amount	экономикалық белсенділік деңгейін өлшеу
19.	the value of goods	тауардың құны
20.	the level of factor earnings	өндіріс факторларына шаққандағы табыс деңгейі
21.	a neutral equilibrium	жалпы тепе-теңдік
22.	the circular flow of income	табыстардың шеңберлі айналымы
23.	an inherent tendency to change	өзгерістерге деген ішкі үрдіс
24.	factor services supplied	өндірістің ұсынылған факторлары
25.	the value of spending	шығындардың көлемі

Figure 3. The circular of income

1. Ex.1. Read and give a short summary of the text.

3. Ex.2. Suggest the Kazakh equivalents.

forecasting future economic trends; to feed with economic information; factors that firms need to carry on their concerns; to provide labor services; circular flow of money; a flow of factor services; factor payments; neutral equilibrium; set of actions

4. Ex.3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.

1. The model of the economy is concerned with forecasting ___so as to aid

___by business and government.

2. Such predictions are , aid to business decision-making because businesses can find out whether people's incomes ___to rise or not.

3. These units together decide the economy's ____,___and___.

4. In order to develop a simple model of the economy we need to ___the

Government sector and ___ between ___ and ___.

5. Suppose we are dealing with___, one which has no government.

6. In order to develop ______ of the economy we need to ___that there are

two main sectors in the economy: __ and____.

7. Households provide___, both___, in return for___.

8. If the finance is in the form of___, households receive , but if they

have purchased ___in the business they may be entitled to___.

9. Households receive payments for ., that is to say, they earn___, such

as ___, ___and___.

10. There are two flows: one which is ___ and one ____ goods and

services.

Ex.4. Answer the questions.

1. What units does the economy comprise? What do they decide?

2. What are the two main sectors in the economy?

3. What sets of actions create the model of the circular flow of income?

4. Dwell on the monetary flow. How is the level of national income connected with it?

5. Dwell on the flow of goods and services.

6. What does the figure suggest?

7. How can the amount of economic activity be measured?

8. What’s equilibrium? A neutral equilibrium?