- •contents
- •preface
- •acknowledgments
- •about this book
- •Special features
- •Best practices
- •Design patterns in action
- •Software directory
- •Roadmap
- •Part 1: JUnit distilled
- •Part 2: Testing strategies
- •Part 3: Testing components
- •Code
- •References
- •Author online
- •about the authors
- •about the title
- •about the cover illustration
- •JUnit jumpstart
- •1.1 Proving it works
- •1.2 Starting from scratch
- •1.3 Understanding unit testing frameworks
- •1.4 Setting up JUnit
- •1.5 Testing with JUnit
- •1.6 Summary
- •2.1 Exploring core JUnit
- •2.2 Launching tests with test runners
- •2.2.1 Selecting a test runner
- •2.2.2 Defining your own test runner
- •2.3 Composing tests with TestSuite
- •2.3.1 Running the automatic suite
- •2.3.2 Rolling your own test suite
- •2.4 Collecting parameters with TestResult
- •2.5 Observing results with TestListener
- •2.6 Working with TestCase
- •2.6.1 Managing resources with a fixture
- •2.6.2 Creating unit test methods
- •2.7 Stepping through TestCalculator
- •2.7.1 Creating a TestSuite
- •2.7.2 Creating a TestResult
- •2.7.3 Executing the test methods
- •2.7.4 Reviewing the full JUnit life cycle
- •2.8 Summary
- •3.1 Introducing the controller component
- •3.1.1 Designing the interfaces
- •3.1.2 Implementing the base classes
- •3.2 Let’s test it!
- •3.2.1 Testing the DefaultController
- •3.2.2 Adding a handler
- •3.2.3 Processing a request
- •3.2.4 Improving testProcessRequest
- •3.3 Testing exception-handling
- •3.3.1 Simulating exceptional conditions
- •3.3.2 Testing for exceptions
- •3.4 Setting up a project for testing
- •3.5 Summary
- •4.1 The need for unit tests
- •4.1.1 Allowing greater test coverage
- •4.1.2 Enabling teamwork
- •4.1.3 Preventing regression and limiting debugging
- •4.1.4 Enabling refactoring
- •4.1.5 Improving implementation design
- •4.1.6 Serving as developer documentation
- •4.1.7 Having fun
- •4.2 Different kinds of tests
- •4.2.1 The four flavors of software tests
- •4.2.2 The three flavors of unit tests
- •4.3 Determining how good tests are
- •4.3.1 Measuring test coverage
- •4.3.2 Generating test coverage reports
- •4.3.3 Testing interactions
- •4.4 Test-Driven Development
- •4.4.1 Tweaking the cycle
- •4.5 Testing in the development cycle
- •4.6 Summary
- •5.1 A day in the life
- •5.2 Running tests from Ant
- •5.2.1 Ant, indispensable Ant
- •5.2.2 Ant targets, projects, properties, and tasks
- •5.2.3 The javac task
- •5.2.4 The JUnit task
- •5.2.5 Putting Ant to the task
- •5.2.6 Pretty printing with JUnitReport
- •5.2.7 Automatically finding the tests to run
- •5.3 Running tests from Maven
- •5.3.2 Configuring Maven for a project
- •5.3.3 Executing JUnit tests with Maven
- •5.3.4 Handling dependent jars with Maven
- •5.4 Running tests from Eclipse
- •5.4.1 Creating an Eclipse project
- •5.4.2 Running JUnit tests in Eclipse
- •5.5 Summary
- •6.1 Introducing stubs
- •6.2 Practicing on an HTTP connection sample
- •6.2.1 Choosing a stubbing solution
- •6.2.2 Using Jetty as an embedded server
- •6.3 Stubbing the web server’s resources
- •6.3.1 Setting up the first stub test
- •6.3.2 Testing for failure conditions
- •6.3.3 Reviewing the first stub test
- •6.4 Stubbing the connection
- •6.4.1 Producing a custom URL protocol handler
- •6.4.2 Creating a JDK HttpURLConnection stub
- •6.4.3 Running the test
- •6.5 Summary
- •7.1 Introducing mock objects
- •7.2 Mock tasting: a simple example
- •7.3 Using mock objects as a refactoring technique
- •7.3.1 Easy refactoring
- •7.3.2 Allowing more flexible code
- •7.4 Practicing on an HTTP connection sample
- •7.4.1 Defining the mock object
- •7.4.2 Testing a sample method
- •7.4.3 Try #1: easy method refactoring technique
- •7.4.4 Try #2: refactoring by using a class factory
- •7.5 Using mocks as Trojan horses
- •7.6 Deciding when to use mock objects
- •7.7 Summary
- •8.1 The problem with unit-testing components
- •8.2 Testing components using mock objects
- •8.2.1 Testing the servlet sample using EasyMock
- •8.2.2 Pros and cons of using mock objects to test components
- •8.3 What are integration unit tests?
- •8.4 Introducing Cactus
- •8.5 Testing components using Cactus
- •8.5.1 Running Cactus tests
- •8.5.2 Executing the tests using Cactus/Jetty integration
- •8.6 How Cactus works
- •8.6.2 Stepping through a test
- •8.7 Summary
- •9.1 Presenting the Administration application
- •9.2 Writing servlet tests with Cactus
- •9.2.1 Designing the first test
- •9.2.2 Using Maven to run Cactus tests
- •9.2.3 Finishing the Cactus servlet tests
- •9.3 Testing servlets with mock objects
- •9.3.1 Writing a test using DynaMocks and DynaBeans
- •9.3.2 Finishing the DynaMock tests
- •9.4 Writing filter tests with Cactus
- •9.4.1 Testing the filter with a SELECT query
- •9.4.2 Testing the filter for other query types
- •9.4.3 Running the Cactus filter tests with Maven
- •9.5 When to use Cactus, and when to use mock objects
- •9.6 Summary
- •10.1 Revisiting the Administration application
- •10.2 What is JSP unit testing?
- •10.3 Unit-testing a JSP in isolation with Cactus
- •10.3.1 Executing a JSP with SQL results data
- •10.3.2 Writing the Cactus test
- •10.3.3 Executing Cactus JSP tests with Maven
- •10.4 Unit-testing taglibs with Cactus
- •10.4.1 Defining a custom tag
- •10.4.2 Testing the custom tag
- •10.5 Unit-testing taglibs with mock objects
- •10.5.1 Introducing MockMaker and installing its Eclipse plugin
- •10.5.2 Using MockMaker to generate mocks from classes
- •10.6 When to use mock objects and when to use Cactus
- •10.7 Summary
- •Unit-testing database applications
- •11.1 Introduction to unit-testing databases
- •11.2 Testing business logic in isolation from the database
- •11.2.1 Implementing a database access layer interface
- •11.2.2 Setting up a mock database interface layer
- •11.2.3 Mocking the database interface layer
- •11.3 Testing persistence code in isolation from the database
- •11.3.1 Testing the execute method
- •11.3.2 Using expectations to verify state
- •11.4 Writing database integration unit tests
- •11.4.1 Filling the requirements for database integration tests
- •11.4.2 Presetting database data
- •11.5 Running the Cactus test using Ant
- •11.5.1 Reviewing the project structure
- •11.5.2 Introducing the Cactus/Ant integration module
- •11.5.3 Creating the Ant build file step by step
- •11.5.4 Executing the Cactus tests
- •11.6 Tuning for build performance
- •11.6.2 Grouping tests in functional test suites
- •11.7.1 Choosing an approach
- •11.7.2 Applying continuous integration
- •11.8 Summary
- •Unit-testing EJBs
- •12.1 Defining a sample EJB application
- •12.2 Using a façade strategy
- •12.3 Unit-testing JNDI code using mock objects
- •12.4 Unit-testing session beans
- •12.4.1 Using the factory method strategy
- •12.4.2 Using the factory class strategy
- •12.4.3 Using the mock JNDI implementation strategy
- •12.5 Using mock objects to test message-driven beans
- •12.6 Using mock objects to test entity beans
- •12.7 Choosing the right mock-objects strategy
- •12.8 Using integration unit tests
- •12.9 Using JUnit and remote calls
- •12.9.1 Requirements for using JUnit directly
- •12.9.2 Packaging the Petstore application in an ear file
- •12.9.3 Performing automatic deployment and execution of tests
- •12.9.4 Writing a remote JUnit test for PetstoreEJB
- •12.9.5 Fixing JNDI names
- •12.9.6 Running the tests
- •12.10 Using Cactus
- •12.10.1 Writing an EJB unit test with Cactus
- •12.10.2 Project directory structure
- •12.10.3 Packaging the Cactus tests
- •12.10.4 Executing the Cactus tests
- •12.11 Summary
- •A.1 Getting the source code
- •A.2 Source code overview
- •A.3 External libraries
- •A.4 Jar versions
- •A.5 Directory structure conventions
- •B.1 Installing Eclipse
- •B.2 Setting up Eclipse projects from the sources
- •B.3 Running JUnit tests from Eclipse
- •B.4 Running Ant scripts from Eclipse
- •B.5 Running Cactus tests from Eclipse
- •references
- •index
338APPENDIX A
The source code
A.3 External libraries
You may have noticed a directory named repository/ in figure A.1. It contains the different external libraries (jars) that all the other projects need in order to compile and run. As a convenience, we’re making them readily available to you to prevent you from having to fish for them all over the Net.
The directory structure of repository/ is of the format <library name>/jars/
<library name>-<version>.jar, as shown in figure A.2.
NOTE We have chosen this directory layout because it is the one needed to make the repository/ project a remote Maven artifact repository (see chapter 5 for a presentation of the Maven repositories). When you install Maven the first time, its remote repository is configured to point to http://www.ibiblio.org/maven/, which is the official Maven repository containing hundreds of open source jars. Maven supports having several remote repositories, so adding yours is as easy as adding the following in your build.properties.
On Windows:
maven.repo.remote =
http://www.ibiblio.org/maven/,file://c:/junitbook
repository/
On UNIX:
maven.repo.remote =
http://www.ibiblio.org/maven/,file:///opt/junitbook
repository/
With this configuration, Maven will look for any dependency on ibiblio first and then in the junitbook repository in your filesystem.
Jar versions |
339 |
|
|
Figure A.2
Some jars from the repository/ directory, shown in the Eclipse navigator view
A.4 Jar versions
Table A.2 lists the versions of all external jars and applications used in the projects. We recommend using these versions when you try the book examples.
Table A.2 External jar/application versions (sorted in alphabetical order)
External project name |
Version |
Project URL |
|
|
|
Ant |
1.5.3 |
http://ant.apache.org/ |
|
|
|
AspectJ |
1.0.6 |
http://eclipse.org/aspectj/ |
|
|
|
Cactus |
1.5 |
http://jakarta.apache.org/cactus/ |
|
|
|
Commons BeanUtils |
1.6.1 |
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/beanutils.html |
|
|
|
Commons Collections |
2.1 |
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/collections.html |
|
|
|
Commons HttpClient |
2.0 |
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient/ |
|
|
|
Commons Logging |
1.0.3 |
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/logging.html |
|
|
|
DbUnit |
1.5.5 |
http://dbunit.sourceforge.net/ |
|
|
|
EasyMock |
1.0 |
http://easymock.org/ |
|
|
|
Eclipse |
2.1 |
http://eclipse.org/ |
|
|
|
continued on next page
340APPENDIX A
The source code
Table A.2 External jar/application versions (sorted in alphabetical order) (continued)
External project name |
Version |
Project URL |
|
|
|
HttpUnit |
1.5.3 |
http://httpunit.sourceforge.net/ |
|
|
|
Jakarta Taglibs / JSTL |
1.0.2 |
http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/ |
|
|
|
JBoss |
3.2.1 |
http://jboss.org/ |
|
|
|
Jetty |
4.2.11 |
http://jetty.mortbay.org/ |
|
|
|
JUnit |
3.8.1 |
http://junit.org/ |
|
|
|
Maven |
1.0 beta 10 |
http://maven.apache.org/ |
|
|
|
MockObjects |
0.09 |
http://www.mockobjects.com/ |
|
|
|
MockMaker plugin for Eclipse |
1.12.0 |
http://www.mockmaker.org/ |
|
|
|
Servlet API |
2.3 |
http://www.ibiblio.org/maven/servletapi/jars/ |
|
|
|
Tomcat |
4.1.24 |
http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/ |
|
|
|
A.5 Directory structure conventions
For each project, we have followed the directory conventions listed in table A.3.
Table A.3 Directory structure conventions
Directory name |
Explanation |
|
|
<project name>/src/java |
Java runtime sources. |
|
|
<project name>/src/test |
Java test sources. |
|
|
<project name>/src/test-cactus |
Java Cactus test sources. |
|
|
<project name>/src/webapp |
Web app resources (JSPs, web.xml, taglibs, and so on). |
|
|
<project name>/conf |
Configuration files (if any). |
|
|
<project name>/target |
Directory created by the build process (Ant or Maven) to |
|
store generated files and temporary files. It can be safely |
|
deleted, because it’s re-created by the build. |
|
|
EclipseBquick start
This appendix covers
■Installing Eclipse
■Setting up the book source code in Eclipse
■Running JUnit tests in Eclipse
341