Text a. Edward jenner.

Edward Jenner (1749-1823) was an English physician, the discoverer of vaccination. He was born at Berkeley, Gloucestershire. Jenner studied medicine in London, at St. George's Hospital. He began practice in Berkeley when he was 24 years old. Edward Jenner liked to observe and investigate things ever since he was a boy. This led to the discovery of vaccination against smallpox.

Today smallpox is practically unknown in civilized countries, but in the 18th century the whole world feared smallpox. One out of every five persons in London carried the marks of the disease on his face. It was the same in the other countries of Europe. But these were the people who recovered from the disease. In those days smallpox was one of the chief causes of death.

Edward Jenner was a man who was always trying to gain knowledge whenever he could. Once he heard a milkmaid say: “I can’t catch smallpox, I’ve had cowpox.” He began to think about the milkmaid’s words. Could the harmless cowpox give immunity to smallpox? He asked himself that question many times but it took him fourteen years to find the answer. Jenner made a thorough study of all dairy diseases and found quite a lot of them. He believed that only one kind could be the preventive against smallpox. He divided the dairy diseases into “true” and “false” cowpox. On May 14, 1796, Edward Jenner accomplished one of the most important tasks in the history of medicine.

He vaccinated little Jimmy Phipps, the eight-year-old son of his neighbour, with matter from cowpox vesicles squeezed from the hands of a milkmaid. Several weeks later Jenner infected the boy with smallpox matter. The next few days were the most exciting in Jenner’s life. But time passed, and the boy remained absolutely free from the disease. During the next two years, Jenner repeated his experiment 23 times and felt certain enough of the truth of his discovery to publish his results. In 1798, he published an account calling his new method “vaccination” from the Latin word “vacca” meaning “a cow”. At first, people paid no attention to the work of the country doctor. But soon doctors began to believe in vaccination.

The news of the wonderful discovery spread abroad. People rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated. Very soon there was no part of the world that had not taken up vaccination. France, Germany, Spain and Austria were the first. In America, Egypt, China the operation was done on thousands of people, and terrible smallpox began to disappear as if by magic.

Honours and gifts from all over the world came to Jenner “I hope, - said Jenner, - that some day the practice of producing cowpox in human beings will spread all over the world. When that day comes, there will be no more smallpox.”

Edward Jenner died at Berkeley in 1823, aged 74. To his last days the country doctor lived simply, spending on research the money which Parliament granted him and vaccinating free of charge anyone who came to him.

We ought to remember that Jenner brought into common use the doctrine of preventive medicine.