Oral Speech Practice Exercises

Ex. 5. Practise reading the following flashes of conversation:

Ann: It’s rather difficult to believe that in Russia the first chemical laboratory appeared only in the eighteenth century.

Paul: It was founded by M. V. Lomonosov. Am I right?

Ann: Sure, you are quite right, do you know anything interesting about the ancient pharmacy?

Paul: As far as I remember Egyptian physicians recorded about 800 remedies containing more than 700 drugs. And the Peruvian Indians still chew the pain-killing coca leaf.

Ann: Is it an efficient cure?

Paul: I really don’t know, but it’s common to believe so..

Ex. 6. Comprise the similar flashes of conversation using words and word combinations from the text.

Ex. 7. Prove that:

in Russia before the revolution chemical and pharmaceutical factories could not provide the country with necessary medicines ;

there are a lot of differences in the sphere of pharmaceutical institutions between Russia of last century and modern Russia ;

Russia has a highly developed pharmaceutical industry now ;

pharmacy is very ancient.

Ex. 8. Read the text and be ready : a)to answer questions below,

b)to give a short summary of the text B.

Text b from the history of russian pharmacy

In the end of the fifteenth century Russia had no medical schools. That’s why a lot of foreign physicians were invited from abroad to work there. In the sixteenth century princes and distinguished boyars had their own chemist’s. Hospitals which belonged to monasteries had special rooms for preparing drugs. The first chemist’s shops appeared in Moscow in 1581. The first private chemist’s came into being in the eighteenth century.

In our country pharmacy as a branch of science started its development in times of Peter I. In the seventeenth century collection and cultivation were organized by the Apothecary Chamber. It was a higher state medical administrative establishment. Pharmaceutical laboratories were functioning together with orchards (gardens). According to the law chemists had to prepare all medicines in their own chemist’s shops. Chemist’s and their founders had particular rights and privelege due to the special decrees.

In the twentieth century medical establishments as well as chemist’s shops contributed greatly to pharmaceutical service of our population. In 1912 zemstvo and towns had the right to found the so-called “unrestricted chemist’s. There were about 200 of such chemist’s shops in Russia.

NOTES

1. a distinguished boyar именитый боярин

2. privelege привилегия

3. “unrestricted chemist’s” “вольная аптека”

When and where did the first chemist’s shop appear in Russia ?

What was the Apothecary Chamber?

Who was the founder of the so-called “unrestricted” chemist’s?

Ex. 9. Speak on the Pharmaceutical Service in Russia using the material of the texts given above and the topic “Chemist’s Shop”.

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