10. Define the functions of the infinitives in the sentences. Translate them into Russian.

1. One needs a market to perform his functions as a buyer.

2. Sellers having monopoly power want to distort the market.

3. In order to create saleable products man can convert gifts of nature.

4. To repress all market activity means to cause negative outcomes.

5. The sources of materials to be used in the production process must be determined.

11. 1) Find in the text MARKETS AND PRODUCTION sentences with a) the infinitive construction Complex Subject. b) the -ing forms and define their part of speech.

2) State the tense forms of all the predicates in the text.

12. Read the text “MARKETS AND PRODUCTION” and translate it into Russian.

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

13. Give Russian equivalents.

A wide range of things; the wants of mankind; gifts of nature; scientific breeding; material wealth; second-hand; foreign exchange market; developed countries; foodstuffs; in the traditional sense; to run under laissez-faire policies; eBay.

14. Give English equivalents.

Ходовой товар (товар пользующийся спросом); нематериальные ценности; дары природы; готовый товар; гораздо более широкое значение; непосредственный контакт между покупателями и продавцами; потребительские товары; блошиный рынок; торговый центр; лицом к лицу.

15. In the text find synonyms (antonyms) to the following words.

Completed goods, goods, demand, to help, to affect, raw materials, important, to sell, up-to date, small, local, price, secondary, salary, result.

16. Insert prepositions.

A. 1. Everyone requires a wide range … things … life.

2. Production relates … the activities which satisfy the wants … mankind.

3. All goods must begin … gifts of nature.

4. Production is the process … creating material wealth … people … influencing the gifts of nature.

5. Glass comes … sand.

6. Production is realized … cooperation of three elements.

7. Finished goods are bought and sold … the market.

8. A market is any effective arrangement … bringing buyers and sellers … contact … one another.

9. Face … face contact is not always necessary.

10. … most goods the market is a national one.

11. There are various markets … … an auction, a shopping center and others.

12. A free market is a market that runs … laissez-faire policies.

13. Markets may be distorted … sellers … monopoly power.

14. … barter markets exist, most markets use currency.

15. Face … face contact … buyers and sellers is not a requirement … a market to be able to operate efficiently.

B. An area where there is a demand … certain goods is called a market. A company which markets (sells) goods locally caters for the local market. Goods sold … the same country as they are produced are sold … the home (or domestic) market. A company which sells goods abroad is an exporter. An exporter (or export company) sells goods on the international (or overseas) market. The good it exports are called export. A company which starts selling goods overseas is said to go … exporting (or go into the exporting business). An importer buys goods abroad and imports them into his own country. The goods are then called imports and the process … importing is called importation.