16. Fill in the blanks with the Vocabulary on the text.

1. The production of relatively simple things may be … … into hundreds of separate operations.

2. The increased … of specialization was provided by Adam Smith.

3. The division of labour … … a much greater use of … .

4. Modern technology … … the extensive use of the division of labour … … … enormous increases in the … of goods and services.

5. It … … the living standards of millions of people, made possible a great … of working hours.

6. The loss of job … is raising some serious social problems.

7. Some factories try … the role and responsibility of workers.

8. The jobs may be … to increase the element of … in the work.

9. Specialization produces a very serious problem – … .

Prompts: to make possible (2), variety, to break down, interdependence, to estimate, to rotate, satisfaction, productivity, machinery, per day, to ally, output, to transform, reduction, to enlarge, per person.

17. Answer the questions on the text. Use the following expressions to begin your answer:

• The text tells the readers …

• I suppose …

• I think …

• I am certain that …

• If I got it right …

• It seems to me …

• In my opinion …

1. What happens to production process in a developed country?

2. Who was the first to provide the classical example of specialization?

3. Why does specialization lead to such an increase in productivity?

4. What is the greatest advantage of the division of labour?

5. What makes possible for people to lead fuller and richer lives?

6. What is the disadvantage of the division of labour?

7. What can be done to solve the problem of loss of job satisfaction?

8. What problems does specialization produce?

18. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.

1. The division of labour is the process when the production is split into a very large number of individual operations and each operation is a special task of one worker.

2. Adam Smith showed the classical example of specialization estimating the production of clothing industry.

3. The epitome of specialization is the modern automobile assembly line.

4. The division of labour leads to a greater responsibility of workers.

5. The division of labour leads to a greater use of machinery.

6. The wide use of machinery increases the degree of craftsmanship of workers.

7. Modern technologies and the division of labour have made possible enormous increases in the output of goods and services.

8. The division of labour improved the living standards of people.

9. It is important that the workers are responsible for the finished product and not only a single operation.

10. Specialization and division of labour don’t produce any serious problems.

19. Arrange the sentences according to the text.

1. There are several advantages of the division of labour.

2. But alongside advantages there is a number of disadvantages.

3.Specialization and division of labour produce a serious problem – interdependence.

4. One of the ways to reverse job satisfaction is to enlarge the role and responsibility of workers for the entire product and let the team decide upon the production process and jobs allocation.

5. In a developed country the production of relatively simple things may be broken down into hundreds of individual operations and each operation is a special task of one worker.

6. Division of labour allied to modern technology increases the output of goods and services greatly.

7. The workers do not exercise initiative judgement or responsibility and as a result of the use of machinery they lose their craftsmanship (skills).

8. Specialization leads to a great increases in productivity because a worker becomes proficient at a particular operation performing it many times.

9. Besides it makes possible a great reduction of working hours thus improving living standards.

10. One of the greatest advantages is the wide use of machinery.