- •Экономический английский
- •Contents
- •Раздел 1……………………………………………………………………..450
- •Раздел 2…………………………………………………………………..…455
- •Раздел 3……………………………………………………………………..473 Предисловие
- •Методическая записка
- •Part 1 Unit 1
- •1. Business Is Booming Almost Everywhere
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Lada Can Hear Its Rivals Gaining AvtoVaz' dominance faces a serious threat as foreign car plants spring up in Russia
- •Slow off the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •3. Can Stringer stop Sony malfunctioning?
- •Vocabulary:
- •4. Carmakers Eye Romania Factory
- •Vocabulary:
- •5. Privatisation Plan for Swisscom
- •Vocabulary:
- •6. Siemens Steps up China Growth
- •Vocabulary:
- •7.Hsbc usa Posts Robust Earnings
- •8.Hidden Value Let Loose Chipmaker Freescale, spun from Motorola, is a prime example of the power of spin-offs
- •9. Philip Morris Moves To Boost Food Unit
- •10. Japanese May Aid Chemicals Industry
- •12. Azucarera Agrees To Acquire Puleva In 590 Million Deal
- •14.Poison Pill Defence For News Corp
- •Part 1 Unit 2
- •Section 1 producing the goods lead-in
- •15. Japan's Production Increases But Analysts Expect Slowdown Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •16. Manufacturing And the Price of Outsourcing
- •Vocabulary:
- •17.JpMorgan Steps up Indian Offshoring
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 costs and expenses, economies of scale
- •18. Eu Farm Agreement Reached, But Budget Questions Linger
- •Vocabulary:
- •19. Hitachi Raises Flat-panel tv Profile
- •Vocabulary:
- •20. Honda's 2nd Quarter Net Fell 8.5%
- •Vocabulary:
- •21. Ford Posts Record Results in Third Quarter
- •Vocabulary:
- •22. Ericsson Upbeat Despite Drop in Profits
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary
- •23. Latin America Starts to Compete
- •Its businesses are in better shape than its balance of payments might suggest
- •Vocabulary:
- •24. Bankless Banking
- •Vocabulary:
- •Stolen Jobs?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 3
- •Section 1 key economic indicators lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •25. Eurozone Recovery Boosts Confidence
- •Vocabulary:
- •26. Is the u.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable?
- •Vocabulary:
- •27. Data Show Europe's Economies Are on Separate Paths
- •Vocabulary:
- •28. Dormant for Now, Inflation Shows Signs of Awakening
- •Vocabulary:
- •29. Will This Slowdown Be Satisfactory?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 boom and bust lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •30. Losing Balance and Monentum?
- •Vocabulary:
- •31.The Next Downturn
- •Vocabulary:
- •32. The Economy Is Too Darn Hot
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 record highs and record lows; ups and downs lead-in
- •These words are used to talk about prices when they rise by larger amounts or increase quickly or sharply: jump, leap, roar ahead (up), rocket, shoot ahead (up), skyrocket, soar, surge (ahead);
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •33. Russia's booming economy
- •It's not about just oil and gas
- •Saving and spending
- •Home grown
- •Too fast to last
- •Vocabulary:
- •34. Euro-Zone Prices May Heat Up Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •35. Rise In Orders Fails to Lift Economy Gloom
- •Section 4 money management lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •36. Tightening Has Begun To Take Hold
- •Vocabulary:
- •37. From t-shirts to t-bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •38. G7 Cautions on Inflationary Pressures
- •Vocabulary:
- •39. Bank of Japan Pressed to Ease Monetary Policy
- •Vocabulary:
- •40. Fed Report Shows Economy Remains Robust
- •Vocabulary:
- •The Asian Crash
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 4
- •Section 1 sellers, buyers, consumers, and key players lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •41. From Market Driven to Market Driving
- •Vocabulary:
- •42. Cadbury Shakes up Its us Drinks
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 marketing mix and target markets lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •43. Saturated Retail Market Could Limit Expansion
- •44. Mobile Market Expanding Rapidly in India Country adding five million new wireless connections per month
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 products, services and brands; upmarket and downmarket lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •45. Lg's White-Hot White Goods
- •Vocabulary:
- •46. A Brand New Opportunity In the Empty Nest
- •Vocabulary:
- •47. Everybody Loves a Winner — or do they?
- •Section 4 advertsing and promotion lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •48.Colgate Glides Past Stumbling Competitors
- •Vocabulary:
- •49. Electrolux Blames Fall on Paranoia
- •Vocabulary:
- •Chinese Imports Prompt Posco Discounts
- •Part 1 Unit 5
- •Financial instruments and stock exchanges section 1 raising finance lead-in
- •Texts to translate:
- •50. Stocks in trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •51. Ipsen ipo marks Paris high point
- •52. Swiss Machine Tool Group in ipo
- •Section 2 market players. Trading on the markets lead-in
- •53. Siemens Seeks us Expansion as adRs Launch
- •Vocabulary:
- •54. Bear Markets
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 unveiling results lead-in
- •54. Russian Stocks Climb to Record
- •55. Treasury Prices Fall as Investors Return to Stocks Rally in Equities Markets Puts Pressure on Bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 derivatives lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •57. Future Perfect
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 5 wrongdoing, corruption, insider dealing lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •58. Soros found guilty of insider trading
- •59. Toyota Faces Insider Trading Probe Around Share Buyback
- •Vocabulary check
- •Investors shun Fibernet after rights issue
- •1. What was the strategic decision that required the capital Fibernet raised from the rights issue?
- •2. Using evidence from the text and your own knowledge, explain why you think that Fibernet used a rights issue of shares rather than taking out long-term loans.
- •3. Examine the likely reaction of shareholders to this financing decision in:
- •Vocabulary revision – unit 5
- •Part 1 Unit 6
- •Section 1 types of accounting and the basic accounting equation lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •60. The Power of Four
- •Imbalance sheet
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 the balance sheet
- •Balance Sheet for Wal-Mart
- •61. Bank Reform in Japan
- •Vocabulary:
- •62. Asset Finance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 financial statements and the bottom line lead-in
- •63. Strong Fundamentals and Fundamental Analysis
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 bankruptcies lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •64. Bankruptcies reach another record
- •Vocabulary:
- •65. Bad Debts Build up at Lloyds tsb
- •66. Poor Planning
- •Vocabulary:
- •67. Turkey Outlines New Package of Radical Structural Reforms
- •Vocabulary:
- •Europe's Enron
- •Part 1 Unit 7
- •Section1 company structure lead-in
- •68. Tough at the top
- •Vocabulary:
- •69. Fit for Hiring? It’s Mind Over Matter
- •Vocabulary:
- •70. The Truth About Work
- •Vocabulary:
- •71. The new global shift
- •Vocabulary:
- •72. Firing the Boss
- •Vocabulary:
- •73. In the money
- •Vocabulary:
- •74. The rewards of failure
- •75. Executive Pay Soars But May Have Peaked
- •Mitsubishi Motors to rejig structure
- •Part 1 Unit 8
- •76. The physical internet
- •21St-century clippers
- •77. Negotiation Strategies
- •Vocabulary:
- •Troubled Waters
- •Part 1 Unit 9
- •78. Royal Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •79. Insuring for the future?
- •80. Papers, papers everywhere
- •Shop Around for the Best Car Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Методические рекомендации
- •Основы реферирования и аннотирования. Практические рекомендации
- •Part 2 Unit 1
- •One world?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Expand the debate on globalisation
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the text.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Global capitalism, r.I.P.?
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Globalisation»
- •Part 2 Unit 2
- •Trade winds
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Harsh Truth About Outsourcing
- •It’s not a mutually beneficial trade practice – it’s outright labor arbitrage
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The race for the bottom
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Spoiling world trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Nothing’s free in this world
- •Vocabulary:
- •«World Trade»
- •Part 2 Unit 3
- •Bearing the weight of the market?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The future of the state
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Are the poor different?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Globalisation and tax
- •Shopping around
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Inflation is dead
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Inflation»
- •Part 2 Unit 4
- •The “euro”
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Asking for trouble
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Perils of Partnership
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Euro Blues
- •In search of reality
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Europe. Economic and Monetary Union» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 5
- •Worldbeater, inc.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Behind america’s small business success story.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Thoroughly modern monopoly
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Business and Businesses» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 6
- •Instant coffee as management theory.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Why too many mergers miss the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions on it:
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Johannesburgers and fries.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Management. Marketing». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 7
- •A smoother ride, but less fun
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Dancing in Step
- •Individual stockmarkets are increasingly being driven by global rather than local factors
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Investors in south-east asian equities
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Do you want to be in my band?” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Fixed and floating voters
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The uneasy crown
- •Making their case
- •Old hands
- •When the credit stops
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Financial Markets». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 8
- •How safe is your bank?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The Collapse of Barings
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Liquid refreshments” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Central banks on the trail of the mutant inflation monster
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Monopoly Power Over Money
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Spot the trend” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The lloyds money machine
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Old news” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Rattling the piggy bank
- •Vocabulary:
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Методическая записка
- •Раздел 1. Сущность процесса перевода. Словарь и словарные соответствия. Узкий и широкий контекст.
- •Раздел 1
- •Раздел 1
- •§1 Определение перевода
- •§2 Словарь и словарные соответствия
- •§3 Узкий и широкий контекст
- •Раздел 2
- •Раздел 2
- •§1 Перевод некоторых категорий слов
- •1.1 Термины
- •1.2 Сложные слова
- •1.3 Неологизмы
- •1.4 Имена собственные и географические названия
- •1.5 Названия организаций, учреждений, компаний и их сокращения
- •1.6 Интернациональные слова. Псевдоинтернациональные слова. Понятие коннотации слова
- •§2 Перевод сложных атрибутивных конструкций
- •§3 Перевод заголовков
- •§ 4 Лексические трансформации в процессе перевода
- •4.1 Дифференциация и конкретизация значений
- •4.2 Генерализация значений
- •4.3 Смысловое или логическое развитие при переводе
- •4.4 Антонимический перевод
- •4.5 Добавления и опущения слов в процессе перевода
- •§ 7 Способы передачи некоторых стилистических особенностей в процессе перевода
- •Раздел 3
- •§ 1 Выбор грамматической конструкции при переводе
- •§ 2 Порядок слов
- •§3 Модальные и вспомогательные глаголы
- •3.1 May (might)
- •3.2 Must
- •3.3 Should
- •3.5 Have to
- •3.6 Can (could)
- •§4 Инфинитив
- •4.1 Инфинитив в различных функциях
- •4.2 Инфинитивные конструкции
- •§ 5 Герундий
- •5.1 Герундий в функции обстоятельства
- •5.3 Герундиальный комплекс
- •§6 Причастие
- •6.1 Причастие в различных функциях
- •6.2 Причастные конструкции
- •6.3 Абсолютная причастная конструкция с предлогом with
- •6.4 Причастие в функции союзов и предлогов
- •§7 Страдательный залог (пассив)
- •§ 8 Оборот it is (was)… who (that, when и т.Д.)
- •§ 9 Служебные слова
- •9.1 Since
- •9.2 While
- •9.5 Once
- •9.6 Well
- •§ 10 Артикль
- •10.1 Определенный артикль
- •10.2 Неопределенный артикль
- •§ 11 Сослагательное наклонение
- •§12 Эллиптические конструкции
- •§ 13 Обзорные упражнения
- •Список использованной литературы
Balance Sheet for Wal-Mart
As of Jan 31, 2006
Assets |
|
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |
|
Current assets: |
|
Current Liabilities: |
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
6,414 |
Commercial Paper |
3,754 |
Receivables |
2,662 |
Accounts Payable |
25,373 |
Inventories |
32,191 |
Accrued Liabilities |
13,465 |
Prepaid Expenses and Other |
2,557 |
Accrued Income Taxes |
1,340 |
Total Current Assets |
43,824 |
Long-term Debt, due within one year |
4,595 |
|
|
Obligations Under Capital Leases, due within one year |
299 |
Property and Equipment, at cost: |
|
Total Current Liabilities |
48,826 |
Land |
16,643 |
|
|
Buildings and Improvements |
56,163 |
Long-term Debt |
26,429 |
Fixtures and Equipment |
22,750 |
Long-term Obligations Under Capital Leases |
3,742 |
Transportation Equipment |
1,746 |
Deferred Income Taxes and Other |
4,552 |
Total Property and Equipment, at cost |
97,302 |
Minority Interest |
1,467 |
|
|
|
|
Less Accumulated Depreciation |
21,427 |
Shareholders’ Equity |
|
Property and Equipment, net |
75,875 |
Preferred Stock |
0 |
|
|
Common Stock |
417 |
Property Under Capital Lease |
5,578 |
Capital in Excess of Par Value |
2,596 |
Less Accumulated Amortization |
2,163 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
1,053 |
|
|
Retained Earnings |
49,105 |
Property Under Capital Lease, net |
3,415 |
|
|
Goodwill |
12,188 |
Total Shareholders’ Equity |
53,171 |
Other Assets and Deferred Charges |
2,885 |
|
|
Total Assets |
138,187 |
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |
138,187 |
The assets and liabilities sections of the balance sheet are organized by how current the account is. So for the asset side, the accounts are classified typically from most liquid to least liquid. For the liabilities side, the accounts are organized from short to long-term borrowings and other obligations.
Firms in a good situation are said to have a strong balance sheet and those that are not, a weak one. Things that are not shown in the balance sheet but in a footnote, for example, are off-balance sheet.
A company’s balance sheet may include provisions for potential losses, such as bad debts, debts that may never be paid. If it looks almost certain that a debt will not be paid, it is considered a write-off and written off.
Provisions are liabilities, the amount of which cannot be established precisely, or the occurrence of which is uncertain. Provisions should be distinguished from reserves, which are amounts set aside under equity for future use with respect to obligations which may arise from probable or possible events.
VOCABULARY
accounting equation |
- уравнение баланса, балансовое [бухгалтерское] уравнение (формула, лежащая в основе составления бухгалтерского баланса) |
assets |
- активы |
current assets |
-текущие оборотные активы; оборотный капитал: активы, которые являются частью капитала обращения предприятия и часто оборачиваются в ходе коммерческой деятельности; к наиболее распространённым видам текущих оборотных активов относятся товарная наличность, дебиторская задолженность и наличность |
fixed assets |
- основные средства, материальные (долгосрочные) активы, основной капитал; активы, которые фирма приобретает для длительного использования в процессе экономической деятельности, а не для перепродажи: здания, сооружения, машины, оборудование, земля и т. п. |
tangible assets |
- материальные (осязаемые) активы: оборудование, здания, ценные бумаги и т. п. |
intangible assets |
- нематериальные (неосязаемые) активы; не имеют материального выражения, но способны приносить доход своему владельцу, напр., репутация фирмы, капитализированные права, привилегии, торговые марки, арендные контракты, франшизы, конкурентные преимущества и т. д. |
goodwill |
- “гудвилл”; деловая репутация; условная стоимость репутации и деловых связей фирмы |
liabilities. |
- обязательства; пассивы |
current (short-term) liabilities |
- текущие (краткосрочные) обязательства; текущие пассивы: задолженность, подлежащая погашению в течение ближайшего года |
long-term liabilities |
- долгосрочные обязательства |
accrued expenses accumulated expenses
|
- начисленные (накопленные) обязательства (расходы): затраты, которые будут оплачены до конца отчетного периода, но еще не выплачены; в балансе относятся к краткосрочным обязательствам |
shareholders'(or owners’) equity |
- акционерный (собственный) капитал, чистая стоимость компании, нетто-стоимость (активов) компании: все активы минус все обязательства компании |
retained earnings retained profits undistributed profits accumulated earnings |
- нераспределенная прибыль: чистая прибыль компании, не распределенная среди акционеров, а направленная в резервы или на другие цели (реинвестированная в бизнес) |
balance sheet
|
- бухгалтерский баланс, балансовый отчет: финансовый отчет, в котором отражаются активы и пассивы компании по состоянию на определенную дату |
annual balance sheet |
- годовой баланс |
strong balance sheet |
- речь идет об устойчивом, стабильном финансовом положении организации |
weak balance sheet |
- балансовый отчет, свидетельствующий о том, что финансовое положение компании нестабильно |
off-balance sheet |
- внебалансовый отчет |
bad debt |
- безнадежный долг, безнадежная задолженность: долг, взыскание которого не представляется возможным |
provision |
- резерв на покрытие выплат по обязательствам; резерв предстоящих расходов и платежей |
reserves |
- резервный фонд, резерв, резервы: средства, которые не используются, оставлены для будущих платежей (напр., резерв по безнадежным долгам, банковский резерв, золотовалютные резервы государства) |
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
-
What does the basic accounting equation state?
-
What do current assets include?
-
What is the life span of fixed assets?
-
What could fixed assets be divided into?
-
What are liabilities?
-
What is the difference between long-term and current liabilities?
-
What two main sources does shareholders’ equity come from?
-
What is a balance sheet? What is its purpose? How is it organized?
-
What do we say about firms in a good/bad situation?
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Assets are anything that have value. Your house, car, checking account, and the antique china set your grandma gave you are all assets. Companies figure up the dollar value of everything they own and put it under the asset side of the balance sheet.
Liabilities are the opposite of assets. They are anything that costs a company money. Liabilities include monthly rent payments, utility bills, the mortgage on the building, corporate credit card debt, and any bonds the company has issued.
Retained earnings are what's left after dividends are paid. This money is either used for future business ventures or invested back into the company for growth purposes.
Companies have intangible assets, whose value is difficult to quantify or turn into cash, such as goodwill, patents, copyright and trade marks.
One of the most basic concepts of accounting involves determining if an item is an asset or a liability. Unpaid payroll expenses, unpaid interest on notes, and taxes incurred but not yet paid are liabilities. Although not yet paid, they must be accounted for within the company’s financial records. Thus, the entries of “accrued” expense were born. Accrued expense refers to an expense that has been incurred but not yet paid.
Bad debt is usually a product of the debtor going into bankruptcy or where the additional cost of pursuing the debt is more than the amount the creditor could collect. This debt, once considered to be bad, will be written off by the company as an expense.
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