- •CONTENTS
- •FIGURES
- •TABLES
- •1.1 Manual Contents
- •1.2 Notational Conventions and Terminology
- •1.3 Related Documents
- •1.4 Application Support Services
- •2.1 Typical Applications
- •2.2 Microcontroller Features
- •2.3 Functional Overview
- •2.3.1 Core
- •2.3.1.3 Register File
- •2.3.2 Memory Controller
- •2.4 Internal Timing
- •2.4.1 Clock and Power Management Logic
- •2.4.2 Internal Timing
- •2.4.2.1 Clock Failure Detection Logic
- •2.4.2.2 External Timing
- •2.4.2.3 Power Management Options
- •2.4.3 Internal Memory
- •2.4.4 Serial Debug Unit
- •2.4.5 Interrupt Service
- •2.5 Internal Peripherals
- •2.5.1 I/O Ports
- •2.5.2 Serial I/O (SIO) Port
- •2.5.3 Synchronous Serial I/O (SSIO) Port
- •2.5.4 Event Processor Array (EPA) and Timer/Counters
- •2.5.7 Stack Overflow Module
- •2.5.8 Watchdog Timer
- •2.6 Special Operating Modes
- •2.7 Chip Configuration Registers
- •3.1 Overview of the Instruction Set
- •3.1.1 BIT Operands
- •3.1.2 BYTE Operands
- •3.1.4 WORD Operands
- •3.1.5 INTEGER Operands
- •3.1.9 Converting Operands
- •3.1.10 Conditional Jumps
- •3.1.11 Floating-Point Operations
- •3.1.12 Extended Instructions
- •3.2 Addressing Modes
- •3.2.1 Direct Addressing
- •3.2.2 Immediate Addressing
- •3.2.3 Indirect Addressing
- •3.2.3.1 Extended Indirect Addressing
- •3.2.3.2 Indirect Addressing with Autoincrement
- •3.2.3.3 Extended Indirect Addressing with Autoincrement
- •3.2.3.4 Indirect Addressing with the Stack Pointer
- •3.2.4 Indexed Addressing
- •3.2.4.3 Extended Indexed Addressing
- •3.2.4.4 Zero-indexed Addressing
- •3.3 Considerations for Crossing Page Boundaries
- •3.4 Software Protection Features and Guidelines
- •4.1 Memory Map Overview
- •4.2 Memory Partitions
- •4.2.1 External Memory
- •4.2.2 Internal ROM
- •4.2.2.1 Program Memory in Page FFH
- •4.2.2.3 Reserved Memory Locations
- •4.2.2.4 Interrupt, PIH, and PTS Vectors
- •4.2.2.5 Chip Configuration Bytes
- •4.2.3 Internal RAM (Code RAM)
- •4.2.4.2 Peripheral SFRs
- •4.2.5 Register File
- •4.2.5.2 Stack Pointer (SP)
- •4.3 Windowing
- •4.3.1 Selecting a Window
- •4.3.2 Addressing a Location Through a Window
- •4.3.2.4 Unsupported Locations Windowing Example
- •4.3.2.5 Using the Linker Locator to Set Up a Window
- •4.3.3 Windowing and Addressing Modes
- •4.4 Controlling Read Access to the Internal ROM
- •4.5 Remapping Internal ROM
- •5.1 Functional Overview
- •5.2 Stack Operations
- •5.3 Stack Overflow Module Registers
- •5.4 Programming the Stack Overflow Module
- •5.4.1 Initializing the Stack Pointer
- •5.4.2 Enabling the Stack Overflow Module and Specifying Stack Boundaries
- •6.1 Overview of the Interrupt Control Circuitry
- •6.2 Interrupt Signals and Registers
- •6.3 Interrupt Sources, Priorities, and Vector Addresses
- •6.3.1 PIH Interrupt Sources, Priorities, and Vector Addresses
- •6.3.1.1 Using Software to Provide the Vector Address
- •6.3.1.2 Providing the Vector Address in Response to a CPU Request
- •6.3.2 Special Interrupts
- •6.3.2.1 Unimplemented Opcode
- •6.3.2.2 Software Trap
- •6.3.2.4 Stack Overflow
- •6.3.3 External Interrupt Signal
- •6.3.4 Shared Interrupt Requests
- •6.4 Interrupt Latency
- •6.4.1 Situations that Increase Interrupt Latency
- •6.4.2 Calculating Latency
- •6.4.2.2 PTS Interrupt Latency
- •6.5 Programming the Interrupts
- •6.5.1 Modifying Interrupt Priorities
- •6.5.2 Determining the Source of an Interrupt
- •6.6 Initializing the PTS Control Blocks
- •6.6.1 Specifying the PTS Count
- •6.6.2 Selecting the PTS Mode
- •6.6.3 Single Transfer Mode
- •6.6.4 Block Transfer Mode
- •6.6.5 Dummy Mode
- •7.1 I/O Ports Overview
- •7.2 Configuring the Port Pins
- •7.2.2 Configuring Ports 3 and 4 (Address/Data Bus)
- •7.2.3 Port Configuration Example
- •7.3.1 Address and Data Signals (Ports 3, 4, and EPORT)
- •7.3.1.1 EPORT Status During Reset, CCB Fetch, Idle, Powerdown, and Hold
- •7.3.5 External Interrupt Signal (Port 2)
- •7.3.6 PWM Signals (Port 11)
- •7.3.7 Serial I/O Port Signals (Ports 2 and 7)
- •7.3.8 Special Operating Mode Signal (Port 5 Pin 7)
- •7.3.9 Synchronous Serial I/O Port Signals (Port 10)
- •7.4 I/O Port Internal Structures
- •7.4.3 Internal Structure for Ports 3 and 4 (Address/Data Bus)
- •8.1 Serial I/O (SIO) Port Functional Overview
- •8.2 Serial I/O Port Signals and Registers
- •8.3 Serial Port Modes
- •8.3.1 Synchronous Mode (Mode 0)
- •8.3.2 Asynchronous Modes (Modes 1, 2, and 3)
- •8.3.2.1 Mode 1
- •8.3.2.2 Mode 2
- •8.3.2.3 Mode 3
- •8.3.2.4 Multiprocessor Communications
- •8.4 Programming the Serial Port
- •8.4.1 Configuring the Serial Port Pins
- •8.4.2 Programming the Control Register
- •8.4.3 Programming the Baud Rate and Clock Source
- •8.4.4 Enabling the Serial Port Interrupts
- •8.4.5 Determining Serial Port Status
- •CHAPTER 9 Synchronous Serial I/O (SSIO) Port
- •9.1 SSIO Port Overview
- •9.1.1 Standard Mode
- •9.1.2 Duplex Mode
- •9.2 SSIO pORT sIGNALS AND rEGISTERS
- •9.3 ssio Port Operation
- •9.3.1 Transmitting and Receiving Data
- •9.3.1.1 Normal Transfers (All Modes)
- •9.3.1.2 Handshaking Transfers (Standard Mode Only)
- •9.4 Programming the SSIO Port
- •9.4.1 Configuring the SSIO Port Pins
- •9.4.2 Configuring the SSIO Registers
- •9.4.2.1 The SSIO Baud (SSIO_BAUD) Register
- •9.4.2.3 The SSIO 0 Clock (SSIO0_CLK) Register
- •9.4.2.4 The SSIO 1 Clock (SSIO1_CLK) Register
- •9.4.3 Enabling the SSIO Interrupts
- •9.5 Programming Considerations
- •9.5.2 Standard Mode Considerations
- •9.5.3 Duplex Mode Considerations
- •10.1 PWM FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW
- •10.2 PWM Signals and Registers
- •10.3 pwm operation
- •10.4 Programming the Frequency and Period
- •10.5 Programming the Duty Cycle
- •10.5.1 Sample Calculations
- •10.5.2 Reading the Current Value of the Down-counter
- •10.5.3 Enabling the PWM Outputs
- •10.5.4 Generating Analog Outputs
- •11.1 EPA Functional Overview
- •11.2 EPA and Timer/Counter Signals and Registers
- •11.3 Timer/Counter Functional Overview
- •11.3.1 Timer Multiplexing on the Time Bus
- •11.4 EPA Channel Functional Overview
- •11.4.1 Operating in Input Capture Mode
- •11.4.2 Operating in Output Compare Mode
- •11.4.3 Operating in Compare Mode with the Output/Simulcapture Channels
- •11.4.4 Generating a 32-bit Time Value
- •11.4.5 Controlling a Pair of Adjacent Pins
- •11.5 Programming the EPA and Timer/Counters
- •11.5.1 Configuring the EPA and Timer/Counter Signals
- •11.5.2 Programming the Timers
- •11.5.3 Programming the Capture/Compare Channels
- •11.5.4 Programming the Compare-only (Output/Simulcapture) Channels
- •11.6 Enabling the EPA Interrupts
- •11.7 Determining Event Status
- •CHAPTER 12 Analog-to-digital (A/D) Converter
- •12.1 A/D Converter Functional Overview
- •12.2 A/D Converter Signals and Registers
- •12.3 A/D Converter Operation
- •12.4 Programming the A/D Converter
- •12.4.1 Programming the A/D Test Register
- •12.4.2 Programming the A/D Result Register (for Threshold Detection Only)
- •12.4.3 Programming the A/D Time Register
- •12.4.4 Programming the A/D Command Register
- •12.4.5 Programming the A/D Scan Register
- •12.4.6 Enabling the A/D Interrupt
- •12.5 Determining A/D Status and Conversion Results
- •12.6 Design Considerations
- •12.6.1 Designing External Interface Circuitry
- •12.6.1.1 Minimizing the Effect of High Input Source Resistance
- •12.6.1.2 Suggested A/D Input Circuit
- •12.6.1.3 Analog Ground and Reference Voltages
- •12.6.2 Understanding A/D Conversion Errors
- •CHAPTER 13 Minimum Hardware Considerations
- •13.1 Minimum Connections
- •13.1.1 Unused Inputs
- •13.1.2 I/O Port Pin Connections
- •13.2 Applying and Removing Power
- •13.3 Noise Protection Tips
- •13.4 The On-chip Oscillator Circuitry
- •13.5 Using an External Clock Source
- •13.6 Resetting the Microcontroller
- •13.6.1 Generating an External Reset
- •13.6.2 Issuing the Reset (RST) Instruction
- •13.6.3 Issuing an Illegal IDLPD Key Operand
- •13.6.4 Enabling the Watchdog Timer
- •13.6.5 Detecting Clock Failure
- •13.7 Identifying the Reset Source
- •14.1 Special Operating Mode Signals and Registers
- •14.2 Reducing Power Consumption
- •14.3 Idle Mode
- •14.3.1 Enabling and Disabling Idle Mode
- •14.3.2 Entering and Exiting Idle Mode
- •14.4 Powerdown Mode
- •14.4.1 Enabling and Disabling Powerdown Mode
- •14.4.2 Entering Powerdown Mode
- •14.4.3 Exiting Powerdown Mode
- •14.4.3.1 Generating a Hardware Reset
- •14.4.3.2 Asserting the External Interrupt Signal
- •14.4.3.3 Selecting an External Capacitor
- •14.5 ONCE Mode
- •CHAPTER 15 Interfacing with External Memory
- •15.1 Internal and External Addresses
- •15.2 External Memory Interface Signals and Registers
- •15.3 The Chip-select Unit
- •15.3.1 Defining Chip-select Address Ranges
- •15.3.2 Controlling Bus Parameters
- •15.3.3 Chip-select Unit Initial Conditions
- •15.3.4 Programming the Chip-select Registers
- •15.3.5 Example of a Chip-select Setup
- •15.4 Chip Configuration Registers and Chip Configuration Bytes
- •15.5 Bus Width and Multiplexing
- •15.5.1 A 16-bit Example System
- •15.5.2 16-bit Bus Timings
- •15.5.3 8-bit Bus Timings
- •15.5.4 Comparison of Multiplexed and Demultiplexed Buses
- •15.6 Wait States (Ready Control)
- •15.7 Bus-hold Protocol
- •15.7.1 Enabling the Bus-hold Protocol
- •15.7.2 Disabling the Bus-hold Protocol
- •15.7.3 Hold Latency
- •15.7.4 Regaining Bus Control
- •15.8 Write-control Modes
- •15.9 System Bus AC Timing Specifications
- •15.9.1 Deferred Bus-cycle Mode
- •15.9.2 Explanation of AC Symbols
- •15.9.3 AC Timing Definitions
- •16.1 Serial Debug Unit (SDU) Functional Overview
- •16.2 SDU Signals and Registers
- •16.3 SDU Operation
- •16.3.1 SDU State Machine
- •16.3.2 Code RAM Access State Machine
- •16.3.3 Minimizing Latency
- •16.4 Code RAM Access
- •16.4.1 Code RAM Data Transfer
- •16.4.2 Code RAM Access Instructions
- •16.4.3 Code RAM Data Transfer Example
- •16.5 SDU Interface Connector
- •17.1 Signals and Registers
- •17.2 Memory Protection Options
- •17.3 Entering Test-ROM Routines
- •17.3.1 Power-up and Power-down Sequences
- •17.4 ROM-dump Routine and Circuit
- •17.5 Serial Port Mode Routine
- •17.5.1 Serial Port RISM
- •17.5.2 Serial Port Mode Circuit
- •17.6 SDU RISM Execution Routine
- •17.6.1 SDU RISM Data Transfer
- •17.6.1.1 SDU RISM Data Transfer Before
- •17.6.1.2 SDU RISM Data Transfer After
- •17.6.2 SDU RISM Execution Circuit
- •17.7 RISM Command Descriptions
- •17.8 Executing Programs from Register RAM
- •17.9 RISM Command Examples
- •17.9.1 Serial Port Mode RISM Read Command Example
- •17.9.2 Serial Port Mode RISM Write Command Example
- •17.9.3 SDU RISM Execution Write Command Example
- •17.9.4 SDU RISM Execution Go Command Example
- •B.1 Functional Groupings of Signals
- •B.2 Signal Descriptions
- •B.3 Default Conditions
STANDARD AND PTS INTERRUPTS
6.3.1PIH Interrupt Sources, Priorities, and Vector Addresses
Tables 6-4 and 6-5 list the interrupt sources for the peripheral interrupt handler (PIH) interrupts with relative priority within the PIH and vector addresses. Each PIH provides the capability to handle 16 additional interrupt sources.
A major difference between PIH interrupts and interrupts that go directly to the CPU is that the PIH must provide the address of the individual PIH interrupt vector to the CPU. It can provide the address in one of two ways. Either your code can read the vector index register (PIHx_VEC_IDX, Figure 6-3 on page 6-8) directly, or the CPU can request the address as part of an interrupt acknowledge cycle.
Table 6-4. PIH0 Interrupt Sources, Vectors, and Priorities
|
|
Interrupt |
|
|
|
|
|
Controller |
PTS Service |
PIH0 |
|
Interrupt Source |
Mnemonic |
Service |
(PIH0_PTS) |
||
Priority† |
|||||
|
|
(PIH0_INT) |
Vector |
||
|
|
Vector |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EPA Capture/Compare 15 |
EPA15 |
FF20FCH |
FF20FEH |
15 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 14 |
EPA14 |
FF20F8H |
FF20FAH |
14 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 13 |
EPA13 |
FF20F4H |
FF20F6H |
13 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 12 |
EPA12 |
FF20F0H |
FF20F2H |
12 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 11 |
EPA11 |
FF20ECH |
FF20EEH |
11 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 10 |
EPA10 |
FF20E8H |
FF20EAH |
10 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 9 |
EPA9 |
FF20E4H |
FF20E6H |
9 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 8 |
EPA8 |
FF20E0H |
FF20E2H |
8 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 7 |
EPA7 |
FF20DCH |
FF20DEH |
7 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 6 |
EPA6 |
FF20D8H |
FF20DAH |
6 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 5 |
EPA5 |
FF20D4H |
FF20D6H |
5 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 4 |
EPA4 |
FF20D0H |
FF20D2H |
4 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 3 |
EPA3 |
FF20CCH |
FF20CEH |
3 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 2 |
EPA2 |
FF20C8H |
FF20CAH |
2 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 1 |
EPA1 |
FF20C4H |
FF20C6H |
1 |
|
EPA Capture/Compare 0 |
EPA0 |
FF20C0H |
FF20C2H |
0 |
† The higher the number, the higher the priority.
6-7
8XC196EA USER’S MANUAL
Table 6-5. PIH1 Interrupt Sources, Vectors, and Priorities
|
|
Interrupt |
|
|
|
|
|
Controller |
PTS Service |
PIH1† |
|
Interrupt Source |
Mnemonic |
Service |
(PIH1_PTS) |
||
Priority |
|||||
|
|
(PIH1_INT) |
Vector |
||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Vector |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EPA Capture/Compare 16 |
EPA16 |
FF213CH |
FF213EH |
15 |
|
Output Simulcapture 7 |
OS7 |
FF2138H |
FF213AH |
14 |
|
Output Simulcapture 6 |
OS6 |
FF2134H |
FF2136H |
13 |
|
Output Simulcapture 5 |
OS5 |
FF2130H |
FF2132H |
12 |
|
Output Simulcapture 4 |
OS4 |
FF212CH |
FF212EH |
11 |
|
Output Simulcapture 3 |
OS3 |
FF2128H |
FF212AH |
10 |
|
Output Simulcapture 2 |
OS2 |
FF2124H |
FF2126H |
9 |
|
Output Simulcapture 1 |
OS1 |
FF2120H |
FF2122H |
8 |
|
Output Simulcapture 0 |
OS0 |
FF211CH |
FF211EH |
7 |
|
Timer 1 Overflow/Underflow |
OVRTM1 |
FF2118H |
FF211AH |
6 |
|
Timer 2 Overflow/Underflow |
OVRTM2 |
FF2114H |
FF2116H |
5 |
|
Timer 3 Overflow/Underflow |
OVRTM3 |
FF2110H |
FF2112H |
4 |
|
Timer 4 Overflow/Underflow |
OVRTM4 |
FF210CH |
FF210EH |
3 |
|
EPA0 Capture Overrun |
OVR0 |
FF2108H |
FF210AH |
2 |
|
EPA1 Capture Overrun |
OVR1 |
FF2104H |
FF2106H |
1 |
|
EPA2 Capture Overrun |
OVR2 |
FF2100H |
FF2102H |
0 |
† The higher the number, the higher the priority.
PIHx_VEC_IDX |
Address: |
1E90H, 1EA0H |
x = 0–1 |
Reset State: |
10H |
The peripheral interrupt handler vector index (PIHx_VEC_IDX) registers indicate which standard PIH input is requesting interrupt service.
15
— |
— |
— |
— |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
— |
— |
NI |
|
|
|
|
8
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
IS3 |
IS2 |
IS1 |
IS0 |
|
|
|
|
Bit |
|
Bit |
Function |
Number |
|
Mnemonic |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
15:5 |
— |
|
Reserved. These bits are undefined. |
|
|
|
|
Figure 6-3. Peripheral Interrupt Handler x Vector Index (PIHx_VEC_IDX) Registers
6-8
STANDARD AND PTS INTERRUPTS
PIHx_VEC_IDX (Continued) |
Address: |
1E90H, 1EA0H |
x = 0–1 |
Reset State: |
10H |
The peripheral interrupt handler vector index (PIHx_VEC_IDX) registers indicate which standard PIH input is requesting interrupt service.
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
— |
|
— |
NI |
|
IS3 |
|
IS2 |
IS1 |
|
IS0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bit |
Bit |
|
|
|
|
Function |
|
|
|
||
Number |
Mnemonic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
4 |
NI |
No Interrupt Pending |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
This bit is set when the last PIHx interrupt request is serviced. |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
3:0 |
IS3:0 |
Interrupt Source |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
These bits indicate the hex value of the highest-priority pending, |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
standard PIHx interrupt request. PTS interrupt requests are not recorded |
||||||||
|
|
|
in this register. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Figure 6-3. Peripheral Interrupt Handler x Vector Index (PIHx_VEC_IDX) Registers
6.3.1.1Using Software to Provide the Vector Address
This method works only when the PIH generates a standard interrupt request. If software reads the PIHx_VEC_IDX register directly, the highest-priority unmasked, standard interrupt is read and hardware clears the appropriate PIHx_INT_PEND and PIHx_PTSSRV bits. The value seen by software will be in one of two formats.
If no interrupt is active, the PIHx_VEC_IDX always contains 0010H:
0000 0000 0001 0000
If an interrupt is active, the PIHx_VEC_IDX register contains the following information:
0000 0000 0000 xxxx
where:
xxxx is the hex value of the highest priority interrupt pending
6-9
8XC196EA USER’S MANUAL
For example, if both the EPA3 (priority 3) and EPA10 (priority 10) interrupts are pending in PIH0, the PIH0_VEC_IDX register contains 000AH, the value of the highest-priority pending interrupt:
0000 0000 0000 1010
Hardware clears the interrupt pending bit for EPA10 (PIH0_INT_PEND.10) and software services the EPA10 interrupt. When software reads the PIH0_VEC_IDX register a second time, it now contains 0003H, the value of the current highest-priority pending interrupt:
0000 0000 0000 0011
Hardware clears the interrupt pending bit for EPA3 (PIH0_INT_PEND.3) and software services the EPA3 interrupt. If software reads the register after the EPA3 interrupt is serviced, it now contains 0010H:
0000 0000 0001 0000
which indicates that there are no pending PIH0 interrupt requests.
The TIJMP instruction can be used to supply the interrupt vector addresses to the CPU. (See Appendix A for additional information about TIJMP.)
The format for the TIJMP instruction is:
TIJMP tbase,[index],#index_mask
where: |
|
tbase |
is a word register containing the 16-bit starting address of the jump |
|
table, which must be located in page FFH. |
[index] |
is a word register containing a 16-bit address that points to a register |
|
that contains a 7-bit value used to calculate the offset into the jump |
|
table. |
#index_mask |
is 7-bit immediate data to mask the index. This value is ANDed with |
|
the 7-bit value pointed to by [index] and the instruction multiplies |
|
the result by two to determine the offset into the jump table. |
TIJMP calculates the destination address as follows:
([index] AND #index_mask) × 2 + tbase
To use the TIJMP instruction in this application, you would create a jump table with 17 destination addresses: one for each of the 16 standard PIHx interrupt sources and one for the return. The table must contain the lower 16 bits of each destination address. The TIJMP instruction will automatically add FF0000H to the destination address.
6-10