I. Speaking: Respiratory System Disorders

After careful study of this unit you should be able to:

• name infectious respiratory diseases;

• name allergic and chronic pulmonary diseases;

• explain why smoking is harmful;

• know the equipment for respiratory tract treatment.

Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words, pay attention to their Latin/Greek equivalents.

English	Latin/Greek	Ukrainian
auscultation [piskal'teijn]	auscultatio	вислуховування
bronchoscope ['birjrjks.sksup]	bronchoscopium	бронхоскоп
mucus ['mju:kss]	mucilago	слиз
hypoxia [hai'pDksia]	hypoxia	кисневе голодування
pulmonary emphysema	emphysema pulmonum	емфізема легенів
pneumonia [njui'maonia]	pneumonia	запалення легенів
bronchial asthma	asthma bronchialis	бронхіальна астма
vims ['vairas]	virus	вірус
influenza [jnflo'enza] (flu, grippe)	influenza	грип
allergic reaction	reactio allergica	алергічна реакція
antiasthmatic agents	remedia antiasthmatica	протиастматичні засоби
smell	odor	запах
cough	tussis	кашель
attack	attacus	напад
spasm ['spaezsm]	spasmus	спазм
failure [Teilja]	dysfunctio	недостатність; пошкодження; розлад
rhinitis [rai'naitis]	rhinitis	риніт

Exercise 2. Do you remember that inflammation of some organs is denoted with the Greek suffix -iris? Form terms using this suffix, translate the formed words.

Larynx, pharynx, bronchus, trachea, pleura.

Exercise 3. You are a therapeutist and receive clinical patients. Talk with a patient who suffers from influenza. Use the phrases below.

• I am going to examine you.

• 1 will examine you.

• Don't move your shoulders, please.

• Strip to the waist, please.

• Take your clothes off.

• Unbutton your outerwear, please.

• Would you breathe deeply?

• Breathe deeper.

• Hold your breath.

• Breathe in, breathe out, please.

• Turn your back on me, please.

• Cough, please.

• Cover your mouth, when coughing.

• You may dress.

• Is it more painful when you breathe?

• Is it more painful when you cough?

• How long have you been coughing?

• Are you running a temperature?

• Have you ever coughed up blood?

• You must give up smoking.

• You must not catch cold.

• What causes asthma attacks?

• What relieves asthma attacks?

• 1 want to listen to your lungs.

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text.

Respiratory System Disorders

Sinusitis is the inflammation of the sinuses, located close to the nasal cavities. Chronic sinus infection may cause changes or tumor formation, called polyps (поліпи).

Rhinitis means a cold in the head or running nose. It's an unpleasant symptom of the common cold. The mucosa of the respiratory tract is one of the most important portals of entry for disease-producing organisms. Droplets from one sneeze may be loaded with many billions of disease-producing organisms. Among the infections transmitted through the respiratory passages are the common cold, diphtheria, chickenpox, measles, influenza, pneumonia, and tuberculosis.

Sensitivity to plant pollens, smells, dust, certain foods, and other allergens may lead to hay fever or asthma, or both. Hay fever is characterized by a watery discharge from the eyes and nose. The symptoms of asthma are spasms of the bronchial tube walls.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves emphysema and bronchitis. In chronic bronchitis the linings of the airways are chronically inflamed and produce excessive secretions. Emphysema is characterized by dilation and finally destruction of the alveoli. In the popular press the word emphysema is used to mean COPD.

Lung cancer is a common disease in the person who smokes cigarettes. Smokers suffer from lung cancer ten times as often as nonsmokers.

Pneumothorax is an accumulation of air in the plural space. Blood in it is called hemothorax.

Exercise 5. Write out all names of diseases from the text, find their Greek equivalents.

Exercise 6. Make up 10 questions based on the text.

Exercise 7. Read the information about special equipment for respiratory tract treatment. Translate the text.

The bronchoscope is a flexible fiber optic tubular instrument for inspection of the bronchi and the larger bronchial tubes.

Oxygen therapy is used to sustain life when some condition interferes with adequate respiration; oxygen may be delivered to the patient by mask, catheter or nasal prongs.

A suction apparatus is used for removing mucus or other substances from the respiratory tract.

A tracheostomy tube is used when the pharynx or larynx is obstructed. A small metal or plastic tube is inserted through a cut made in the trachea, and it acts as an artificial airway for ventilation.

Artificial respiration is made when a patient has temporarily lost the capacity to perform the normal motions of respiration.

Control Tests. Respiratory System