In his estate he cultivated his orchard and worked there being in old age.

Outstanding clinicist and scientist of Ukraine M.D. Strazhesko (1876-1952) was an initiator in establishing Kyiv Institute of Clinical Medicine and worked there as an academician during a long period. Under the supervision¹¹ of his teacher prof. VP. Obraztsov he was the first to differentiate and describe the clinical picture of myocardial infarction.

M.D. Strazhesko was the author of many classical works describing cardiac and abdominal diseases¹². He used Pavlov's scientific ideas in his clinic. In his research work he used the scientific data from biochemistry, microbiology, physiology and other sciences. He paid much attention to the clinical research of his patients.

Together with his teacher VP. Obraztsov they worked out a new method of sliding palpation¹³ of the abdominal cavity organs that won the world recognition¹⁴.

Notes:

¹ texture ['tekstfa] тканина

² degree - звання, ступінь

³ research [ri's3:tfj наукове дослідження

⁴ obstetrics - акушерство

⁵ to bring (brought) up - виховувати

⁶ charity school ['1fa?riti,sku:l] школа для бідних дітей

⁷ thesis [^-6i:sis] дисертація ^s estate [is'teit] маєток

⁹ outskirts ['aotsk3:ts] околиці; передмістя

¹⁰ favorable conditions - сприятливі умови" supervision [,sju:ps'vi3n] нагляд

¹² abdominal diseases - шлунково-кишкові хвороби

13 Sliding palpation - ковзна пальпація

14 To win (won) recognition - здобути визнання

Answer the following questions:

1. What was O.M. Shumlyansky? 2. When and where was he born? 3. What school did he graduate from? 4. Where did he receive his doctor's degree? 5. Was he the author of many research works? 6. What was M.V. Skliphosovsky? 7. Where was he brought up? 8. When did he become a professor of the Petersburg Academy? 9. Where did he move then? 10. What did he do in Poltava? 11. What was M.D. Strazhesko? 12. Who was an initiator in establishing Kyiv Institute of Clinical Medicine? 13. Was he the author of many classical works? 14. What method did M.D. Strazhesko and his teacher VP. Obraztsov work out?

Text 6. Tibetan Medicine

Tibetan medicine is very ancient. It was over thousands of years ago when the ancient treatise on medicine "Chjud-shi" was written.

At present the scientists study various books and ancient xylographs about Tibetan medicine. The methods of treatment used by Tibetans are different from modern medicine but the theoretical ideas are quite logical.

Tibetan doctors thought that: diseases were caused by the violation of the equilibrium of the main "vital sources"; a disease reflected the suffering of the entire human organism and not just a separate organ. They considered that it was necessary to treat the entire organism.

One of the factors causing diseases was food. They considered that food was useless and

bad.

Tibetan doctors were gifted specialists. During the examination of patients they used different senses such as: vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. To diagnose a disease they differentiated between 400 different hues of pulse and it was felt by the doctor on the patient's both arms. The chief postulate of Tibetan medicine was: "Everything that surrounds us may be used as a medicine". Tibetans made medicines from raw plants, animals and mineral materials. They used precious metals and stones. The doctors took gold, silver, emerald, pearls, etc. They also used insects and mollusks. They burned animals and used ash from their inner organs as a medicine for patients. They considered that such ash could contain useful substances necessary for the patient. Their medicines were not toxic for patients. They used various medical herbs for treating.

Tibetan medicine has helped modern medicine in treating different diseases. At present our doctors often use medical herbs as medicines.

Modern medicine has the same commandment as Tibetan medicine. It is "Do not harm".

Text 7. Drugless Therapy

Nowadays, doctors are known to widely use medicines to treat patients. But in a number of cases medicines may either be not quite effective or produce side effects resulting in serious complications. That explains a growing interest over the world in methods that have anti­allergic action.

Our doctors are known to have designed an effective system of completing cure in sanatoria. It comprises special physical exercises, psychotherapy, dietotherapy, and balneotherapy. Their use cuts the dosage of drugs many times over. As for the procedures, they only act upon a specific area, not on the organism as a whole.

Our research institutes seem to be contributing much to health resort treatment and physiotherapy. The institutes are located in different regions and do their own specific research. In Myrhorod, for example, they specialize in using drinkable mineral waters, in Odesa they study medicinal muds, etc.

Specialists elaborate scientific foundation for health resort treatment, study the mechanisms of physical factors, define indications and contraindications to health resort treatment, render different services and do many other things. Over the last few decades they have greatly expanded their knowledge about man and his diseases. They have got more technical research facilities, and now have a clearer picture of how different physical factors act upon the human organism. The medical profession's approach to treating illnesses has been changing. Today they are increasingly using methods of treatment that are easier on the patients than those used before.

They use microwave frequency electromagnetic fields to act upon endocrine glands to cure such diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatism, female and male infertility, and bronchial asthma. By applying electromagnetic fields to the thyroid gland they can cure ulcers. This kind of treatment is much more effective than drug therapy. While drug therapy produces 50 to 60 per cent successful treatment of an ulcer, this method is nearly 75 per cent effective.

They use sulphide water, carbonic acid gas, electrotherapy among other methods to treat patients. Good results have been obtained in treating arthritis and diseases of the peripheral nervous system.

Text 8. Ecological Situation In Ukraine

Improvement of ecological situation in Ukraine is a very important problem. The tragedy of the Chornobyl disaster¹ is the first fearsome warning² of the possibility of a coming ecological apocalypse.

In Ukraine there are many industrial enterprises which pollute our air, water and soil. Our rivers that used to be full of fish are poisoned³. The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov are polluted. One can find zinc, copper, mercury and others in our rivers and seas.

Many plants and factories have no nature-conserving technologies or they are not perfect. They have no possibility to buy these cleaning constructions⁴ in spite of that they pay fines for their disorders.

The majority of Ukrainian population lives in ecological disaster zones or in ecologically unfavorable conditions⁵. The sickness rate⁶ which is linked with the worsening natural environment⁷ is rapidly rising.

The Supreme Soviet of Ukraine has adopted the decision on urgent measures" to improve the country's ecological situation.

The leaders of industrial enterprises must take personal responsibility for polluting our environment. At present much attention is paid to the improvement of sanitary conditions and treatment of our population at clinics and health resorts.

Urgent measures aimed to improve the ecological situation of the country should normalize the state of affairs⁹.

Notes: