It is estimated - приблизно підраховано inherited predisposition - спадкова схильність contemplate - обдумувати; мати намір to be vulnerable - бути вразливим ingestion - ковтання, поглинання

Exercise 3. Make a list of precautions for pregnant women.

UNIT THIRTY-TWO

I	Speaking	Fetus
II	Independent Work	Premature Delivery

I. Speaking: Fetus

Exercise 1. Learn the topical words, individual - індивід, особа organ systems - системи органів continue - продовжувати(ся)

mature - достигати, доходити зрілості, наставати (про строк) divide - ділити(ся) equal - рівний, однаковий grow - рости

growth - ріст, зростання; розвиток

external genitalia - зовнішні статеві органи

sufficiently - достатньо

weigh - важити, мати вагу

weight - вага

length - довжина

Vary - різнитися, мінятися

occur - траплятися, відбуватися

reveal - відкривати(ся), виявляти, показувати

sex - стать

Exercise 2. Read the text.

Fetus

The term fetus is used for the developing individual from the beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth. During this period the organ systems continue to grow and mature. For study, pregnancy may be divided into three equal segments or trimesters. The most rapid growth occurs during the second trimester (months 4-6). By the end of the fourth month, the fetus is almost 15 cm long, and its external genitalia are sufficiently developed to reveal its sex. By the seventh month, the fetus is usually about 35 cm long and weighs about 1.1 kg. At the end of pregnancy, the normal length of the fetus is 45 cm to 56 cm, and the weight varies from 2.7 kg to 4.5 kg.

Exercise 3. Find English equivalents.

Від початку третього місяця до народження; системи органів продовжують рости; найшвидший ріст; до кінця; плід майже 15 см у довжину; достатньо розвинуті; визначити його стать; в кінці вагітності.

Exercise 4. Answer the questions:

1. When is the term fetus used?

2. Do the organ systems continue to grow and mature during this period?

3. How may pregnancy be divided for study?

4. When does the most rapid growth occur?

5. When can fetal sex be revealed?

6. What is the normal weight (length) of the fetus at the end of pregnancy? Exercise 5. Read the text and the dialog after it.

Use of Ultrasound

A valuable diagnostic tool that avoids the use of undesirable X-rays is a form of vibrational energy called ultrasound. By this method soft tissues can be visualized and such abnormalities as ectopic pregnancies and placenta previa can be accurately delineated. The relatively inexpensive ultrasound equipment has been found useful in detecting abnormalities of the fetus as well as tumors and other disorders of the reproductive system.

N — nurse, M - Mrs Murphy

N: OK, Mrs Murphy, just lie back on this examination table. Are you comfortable? M: Yes, thank you.

N: Have you had plenty of water to drink? M: Yes - three glasses.

N: Good, we need your bladder full. I'm putting some gel onto your abdomen. That helps the ultrasound work well. M: OK.

N: Your notes say the baby has stopped moving. Is that right?

M: Yes, I'm a bit worried.

N: And you're in the twenty-second week of your pregnancy? M: Yes.

N: Right. Well the ultrasound scan is very simple. When I pass the transducer over your abdomen, it bounces sound waves off the baby's body and it makes a picture here on the monitor. Then we can see if there is anything wrong. It shows up any abnormalities. A scan can usually show if the baby is a boy or a girl. Do you want to know the baby's sex?

M: Yes please.

N: OK. I'm passing the transducer over your abdomen now. Ah, here we are. There's the baby. Can you see it?

M: It's not very clear.

N: Well, here's the head. Can you see that?

N: And there's a hand. Five fingers. And there's a foot - can you see? M: Yes.

N: Can you see the heart beating? The baby's alive and looks good. Yes, everything is normal. And look - a penis. It's a boy. M: Really? I wanted a girl.

N: You did? Just a moment! Well you're not going to be disappointed - you're going to have twins - a boy and a girl.

Exercise 6. Act out the dialog.