Text б Cuts, Bleeding

When you see a cut (laceration), the first steps are to stop the bleeding and determine whether or not stitches are needed.

If stitches are not needed, you can clean and bandage the cut at home. Bleeding from minor cuts will usually stop on its own or with a little direct pressure.

First Aid

Wash the cut well with soap and water.

Stop any bleeding by applying direct pressure over the wound for 10 to 15 minutes.

Leave small cuts unbandaged, unless they will become irritated. They heal best when exposed to the air.

If a cut needs bandaging, apply antibiotic ointment (Polysporin or Bacitracin). The ointment will keep the cut from sticking to the bandage. Do not use alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, which can harm tissue and slow healing.

Use an adhesive bandage (Band-Aid) to continue the pressure. Always put an adhesive strip across a cut rather than lengthwise.

If the cut is long, use more than one bandage.

Apply a clean bandage at least once a day, or when it gets wet. Leave the bandage off whenever possible.

When to Call the Doctor

If the cut needs stitches. They need to be done within eight hours.

If a cut continues to bleed through bandages after 15 minutes or under direct pressure.

If the person goes into shock, even if a bleeding has stopped.

Stopping severe bleeding:

• have the person lie down and elevate the site that is bleeding;

• remove any visible objects. Do not attempt to clean out the wound;

• press firmly on the wound with clean cloth or the cleanest material available. If the edges of the wound gape, hold them together. If there is an object in the wound, apply pressure around the cut, not directly over it;

• apply steady pressure for 15 minutes. If blood soaks through the cloth, apply another one without lifting the first. Maintain steady pressure;

• if direct pressure does not slow or stop bleeding after 15 minutes, press firmly on a pressure point between the wound and the heart. Continuous pressure on these points can stop the bleeding with less risk than a tourniquet. Tourniquets should be used only as a last resort;

- watch for shock;

- call in an ambulance or go to the emergency room if the bleeding has not been controlled after 15 minutes.

Notes:

stitches ['stitfiz] шви (на рані) maintain [rnein'tein] підтримувати; зберігати

bandage ['bsendidS] (за)бинтувати; steady f'stedi] стійкий; міцний

накладати пов'язку, пов'язка tourniquet ['tusnikei] турнікет, джгут

irritated [iri'teitid] подразнений ambulance ['aembju:tans] машина швидкої допомогиheal [hi:l] виліковувати, загоювати (рани) adhesive strip [sd'hrsiv'strip] лейкопластир

sticking - прилипання, приклеювання across [ak'ros] поперек

gape [geip] зяяти (про рану) lengthwise ['lerjBwaiz] уздовжsoak [saokj просочитися

II. Independent Work: Future Tense

There are a number of different ways of expressing the future. The form of the verb depends on whether the speaker is talking about what he/she intends to do (/ am going to get a job) or about a timetable (The term starts on September 10"'), and so on.

Sometimes more than one form is possible, e.g. I'm leaving school OR I'll be leaving

school.

A. I'm going or I will?We use be going to for an instant intention:

I'm going to get a job, I've decided.

We're going to have a picnic. We also use be going to for a prediction based on the present:

Look at the time. We 're going to be late. We use will for an instant decision:

I feel really ill. - I'll call the doctor then.

We '11 give you a lift. We also use will for a prediction about the future:

I'll be free at five о 'clock.

You '11 enjoy the course, I'm sure. We can often use either be going to or will for a prediction:

We 're going to need some help OR We 41 need some help.

B. I'm going or I do?

We use the Present Continuous for an arrangement:

I'm playing basketball tonight. I'm in the team. We use the Present Simple for a timetable:

We leave tomorrow morning at half past seven. We also use it after when, before, etc.

I'll tell you when I see you.

C. I'll be doing and I'll have done We use will be doing for an action over a period of future time:

At this time tomorrow I'll be driving up the motorway. We use will have done for something that we will finish in the future:

I'll have finished mv homework by eight о 'clock. We also use will be doing for the result of a routine:

I'll be visiting my parents tomorrow. I visit them eveiy Sunday.

D. Be about and be to We use be about to for the very near future:

The plane is at the end of the runway. It is about to take off.

Huriy up. The program is about to start. We use be to for an arrangement:

The Queen is to visit Portugal in November.

The Student Games are to take place in Melbourne next year.

Exercise 1. Choose the correct verb form in the brackets.

1. How's your flat? - Well, the rent is very expensive. 1 to a new place. 1 decided last week. (11 move/'m going to move)

2. I can cycle home. - Have you got lights? It dark, don't forget. ('II be/'ll have been)

3. I'd like a photo of Adrian and me. - Well, I one with your camera then. ('II take/'m

going to take)

4. Have you booked a holiday? - Yes, we to Spain, (go/'re going)

5. Look at that car! It . ('II crash!/'s going to crash!)

6. Can I borrow your bike on Monday, please? - Oh, I'm afraid it. I always cycle to

work. (I'll be using/I'll have used)

Exercise 2. What do these people say? Pay special attention to the underlined words:

Model: Maria is predicting a win for Italy in their next match. Maria: Italy will win their next match.

1. Bob intends to get up early tomorrow.Bob: I

2. Steve's train timetable says 'Arrival 10.30'. Steve: The train

3. Louise has arranged to see her bank manager tomorrow. Louise:

4. Dan will leave in the very near future. Dan:

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences:

1. 1. The students are going to translate the new text. 2. What are you going to do? 3.1 am going to fulfill this task. 4. The doctor is going to examine this patient today. 5. The third-year students are going to work at this department. 6. I am going to visit my friends. 7. They are going to learn English next year. 8. He is going to take his examination on Monday.

2. 1. This month my friend is going to London. 2.1 am going to leave for London with him. 3. They are translating a new text now. 4. We are going to translate this text too. 5. Nina is going to the library now. 6.1 am going to take an English textbook in our library.