II. Grammar Exercises

Exercise 1. State the parts of speech of the following words:

Act - action - active - activity - activate - activation; flexibility - flexion - flexible; assess - assessment - reassessment;

ЇІ optic nerve

III oculomotor n.

IV trochlear n.

V trigeminal n. (branches)

a. ophthalmic

b. maxillary

c. mandibular

VI abducent n.

VII facial n.

Fig. 21-2. Brain nerves

VIII vestibulocochlear(acoustic) n.

IX glossopharyngeal n.

X vagus n. XI accessory n. XII hypoglossal n.

left side of body

right side of body

Fig. 21-3. Cerebral hemispheres and actions regulated by them

quantity - quantitative - quantify; nature - natural - naturally - naturalist;

automat - automatic - automaticity - automatical - automatism; investigate - investigation - investigator - investigatory; exist - existence - existent.

Exercise 2. Translate into English using gerunds.

1. Він ніколи не думав про те, щоб стати хірургом. 2. Лікар приписав вживати подвійну дозу. 3. Хто відповідає за годування лежачих хворих? 4. Вони вважають можливим врятувати життя цієї дівчинки. 5. Давай поговоримо. Ти вже втомився читати.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences, pay attention that the only means "єдиний".

1. Insulin isn't the only cause of hypoglycemia. 2. Glucose is the only energy source that the brain can utilize. 3. The only sure way of diagnosing tuberculosis at present is to find tubercle bacillus. 4. The only good results in treating this disease are with drugs.

Exercise 4. Find verbal nouns and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. There are many beginnings in all branches of medicine. 2. Your endless comings and goings out disturb the patient. 3. Human beings differ from animals. 4. Clotting of blood is a very complex process. 5. The blood findings are normal in both cases. 6. In the case of peptic ulcer pain follows meals. 7. The lining of the oral epithelium is protective. 8. An infant need> several feedings during the day and night.

Exercise 5. a) Pay attention to the following verbs. They don't form nouns with -ing: memorize them:

to manufacture (виробляти) - manufacture (виробництво);

to produce (виробляти) - production (виробництво);

to ship (вантажити) - shipment (вантаження);

to deliver (постачати) - delivery (постачання);

to arrive (прибувати) - arrival (прибуття);

to sell (продавати) - sale (продаж).

b) Make up sentences with each of the words above.

III. Independent Work: Sleep

Exercise 1. Read the text, translate it.

Sleep

Sleep is a periodic resting condition of the body and especially of the nervous system. There is a natural rotation of sleeping and waking every twenty-four hours, and sleer comes on commonly during the night when little work can be done. Sleep is not, however. :-.

necessary consequence of darkness, as is proved by those persons who have to work in the night and sleep by day, who easily adapt themselves to this condition.

Many theories have been advanced as to the cause of sleep. One theory depends upon the well-known fact that the brain receives much smaller blood supply during sleeping than in the waking state.

Another theory is the chemical one stating that sleep is due to want of oxygen in the nerve centers.

A third theory raises the question as to whether the mind remains active during the period of sleep.

None of these theories explains the direct cause of sleep, although each probably accounts for the main cause of different circumstances.

When sleep comes on, the eyes are closed as a rule, though in man, even when they are left open, the sense of sight is quickly lost as the sleep deepens. The pupils contract also during sleep and dilate widely as the person wakens.

Hearing is lost more slowly and a person can be wakened even from deep sleep by a loud noise. In natural sleep touch remains the least affected of senses, and even the lightest touch will awaken many people from deep sleep. With regards to the onset of sleep as it affects the mind willpower is the first faculty to go and the last to appear¹ in wakening. The association of ideas and power of reasoning disappears next and people are worried in light sleep by some simple ideas which they cannot explain or understand.

Memory and imagination remain longest, and in dreams the mind is presented with a series of bright, unconnected pictures. The part of the brain which regulates the power of movement is late in falling asleep, sleeps only lightly since people may turn and make various other movements without waking.

Other parts of the body, as well as the brain, rest during sleep.

Note: