Internal Organs

All internal organs are situated in the chest and abdomen. The chest is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. The principal organs of the chest are the gullet, the heart and the lungs. The gullet connects the pharynx and the stomach.

There are two lungs - one in each half of the chest. They differ in size. The right lung is larger than the left one. There is the heart between the lungs behind the breastbone. The heart pumps the blood to the whole body.

The lower part of the trunk is the abdominal cavity. The principal organs here are the stomach, the liver, two kidneys, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the small and large intestines, the bladder and internal sex glands.

There is the liver with the gallbladder in the right upper abdominal part. The liver is the largest and heaviest organ in the body. It works over all the products of digestion. The liver destroys poisons and bacteria which get into the blood. There is the stomach, the pancreas and the spleen in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. Behind them there are the right and left kidneys at the back.

The small and large intestines occupy all the lower abdomen. Here is also the bladder and sex glands.

Each internal organ of the body plays a specific role in the organism.

The branch of medicine which studies internal organ diseases is called internal medicine.

Exercise 6. Answer the following questions.

1. Where is the chest?

2. What is the lower part of the trunk?

3. What is there between the chest and abdomen?

4. What are the principal organs of the chest?

5. What are the principal organs of the abdominal cavity?

6. What can you say about the lungs?

7. What is the function of the heart?

8. What is the function of the liver?

9) Does each organ have its specific role?

10) What is the name of the branch of medicine which deals with internal organ diseases?

Exercise 7. Make up your own questions and supply answers according to the given model. Use the expressions given below.

Model: What do we call the organ we breathe with? - The organ we breathe with we call the lungs.

To pump the blood, to destroy poisons, to make beats, to connect, to divide.

Exercise 8. Complete the sentences.

The external organs are ... .

The internal organs are ... .

The organs of the chest are ... .

The organs of the abdominal cavity are ... .

The organs of the head are ... .

Exercise 9. Learn the conjunctions and translate the sentences.

1. The book includes both texts and different exercises.

2. Medical students study both theoretical material and laboratory work.

3. This text is either in English or in German.

4. Neither my brother nor my father is at home now.

5. Not only the liver but also the gallbladder is in the right side of the abdominal cavity.

Exercise 10. Determine the parts of speech of the following words. Mind suffixes.

Treatment, numerous, translate, intensive, demonstrate, clinical, biologist, prescription, digestion, situation, abdominal, scientist.

Exercise 11. Read and act out the dialogs.

1

Ann: Are you a physician?

Mike: No, I am not.

Teacher: Yes, you are a physician.

Mike: No, I am not.

Teacher: Yes, you are.

Mike: No, I am not a physician.

Teacher: Kate, is Mike a physician?

Kate: Yes, he is.

Mike: No, I am not. I am a doctor.

Kate: Yes, you are. A doctor is a physician.

2

Teacher: Is this your Anatomy book? Student: No, it isn't. Teacher: And where is yours? Student: I don't know, perhaps at home.

Teacher: Then take my book and open page 37. Is this a picture of internal organs?

Student: Let me see... Yes, it is. I see the heart and the lungs in the chest. Teacher: Anything else?

Student: I know that the gullet is also here, but I don't see it.

Teacher: Of course. You can't see the gullet in this picture. Open page 39!

Exercise 12. Communicative situation.

You met your old friend. She is a student of the School of Music and Arts. You are a student of the medical school. Prove your friend that you know everything about both external and internal organs of the human body.