- •Оглавление
- •От авторов
- •Grammar: The article (артикль)
- •Reading
- •A day in the life of an international student
- •I am a student
- •Grammar: Types of questions (типы вопросов)
- •Question words (вопросительные слова)
- •Reading
- •A new student
- •Margaret Thatcher
- •John Edgar Hoover, FBI Director
- •Reading
- •A brave Woman
- •Grammar: Construction there is /there are
- •Reading
- •John Jay College of Criminal Justice
- •Moscow University of the Interior of the Russian Federation.
- •Militia officers
- •Grammar: The perfect tenses (времена группы Perfect)
- •Grammar: The Articles (артикли)
- •Reading
- •Moscow
- •Grammar: Modal verbs
- •Reading
- •Business etiquette for police executives
- •Policing a culturally diverse society
- •Word formation: Conversion (конверсия)
- •Reading
- •General information: the Russian Federation
- •State system of the Russian Federation
- •Court system of the Russian Federation: part 1
- •Court system of the Russian Federation: part 2
- •Branches of law of the Russian Federation
- •The Procurator's Office
- •Grammar: The participle (причастие)
- •Reading
- •Great Britain
- •The Monarch in the UK
- •Parliament
- •Elections
- •Making new laws
- •The Courts in the UK
- •Word formation: Prefixes (приставки)
- •Grammar: Passive voice (пассивный залог)
- •Reading
- •General information about the USA
- •US President
- •The US Constitution
- •Federal Court System
- •The judicial system of the USA
- •State Courts
- •Lower courts in the USA
- •The marshals
- •History of Law
- •Reading
- •A girl missing
- •A car accident
- •Too young to drive
- •Scottish soccer fans riot after loss
- •A foreigner in trouble
- •Traffic violations
- •Grammar: The nouns evidence, news,…
- •Grammar: The infinitive (инфинитив)
- •Grammar: The construction to have something done
- •Reading
- •A consolation
- •Burglary
- •Identification of suspects
- •Interviewing a witness
- •Reading
- •The UK police
- •The oath of the British constable
- •Structure of the American police
- •Top police cars
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Complex object (сложное дополнение)
- •Reading
- •New command and control system
- •WANTED FOR: Bank Robbery
- •The Federal Bureau of Investigation
- •Supplementary reading
- •Word formation: Suffix -able
- •Grammar: The -ing forms
- •Grammar: The gerund (герундий)
- •Reading
- •Types of crimes
- •«I'll be free in weeks», says killer Bamber.
- •An extract from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Conjunctions (союзы)
- •Reading
- •Search Warrant
- •The use of force and firearms
- •Police investigations
- •Human rights
- •Arrest and detention
- •Police brutality
- •Arrest
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Punctuation (пунктуация)
- •Reading
- •Civil law vs. Common law
- •Criminal justice and criminal proceedings in the UK
- •This way! That way!
- •Criminal court proceedings
- •Criminal Justice Process
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Cleft sentences (предложения с усилительной конструкцией)
- •TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS
- •Reading
- •The forms of state punishment in Great Britain
- •Capital punishment
- •Retribution
- •Prison population
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: The verbs to insist, to suggest
- •Reading
- •Is prison an answer?
- •Non-custodial types of punishment
- •Treating juveniles
- •Treating women
- •Drug — related offences
- •Electronic monitoring — alternatives to incarceration
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Complex subject (сложное подлежащее)
- •Reading
- •Interpol
- •Europol
- •Organized crime
- •Cybercrime
- •Jargon
- •Victimology
- •Customs examination
- •Supplementary reading
- •Grammar: Subjunctive mood (part 1) (сослагательное наклонение)
- •Grammar: Subjunctive mood (part 2) (сослагательное наклонение)
- •Reading
- •Militia of the Russian Federation.
- •Public security militia
- •Criminal militia
- •Militia and public confidence
- •POLICE OFFICER RECRUITS
- •Supplementary reading
- •SUPPLEMENTARY READING
- •Grammar reference
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Appendix 3
- •Appendix 4
- •GLOSSARY
- •Литература
6.ѝTheѝchildrenѝwereѝsavedѝbyѝtheѝpoliceman.ѝ 7.ѝTheѝroadѝisѝclosed.ѝ 8.ѝItѝisѝprohibitedѝtoѝcrossѝaѝstreetѝinѝaѝwrongѝplace.ѝ 9ѝTheѝreportѝmustѝbeѝwrittenѝimmediately.ѝ
Exercise 2 Translate these sentences into English.
1.Наѝанглийскомѝговорятѝвоѝмногихѝстранахѝмира.ѝ
2.МосковскийѝуниверситетѝМВДѝРФѝобразованѝвѝ2002ѝгоду.ѝ
3.ЭтиѝкомпьютерыѝсделаныѝвѝКорее.ѝ
4.БумагаѝбылаѝизобретенаѝвѝКитаеѝвоѝ2ѝвекеѝдоѝнашейѝэрыѝ(2ѝndѝ senturyѝВС).ѝ
5.Документыѝдоставятѝпослеѝдвухѝчасов.ѝ
6.РадиоѝбылоѝизобретеноѝА.ѝПоповымѝвѝ1895ѝгоду.ѝ
7.ДжонѝДжейѝколледжѝбылѝоснованѝвѝ1965ѝгоду.ѝ
8.Поѝокончанииѝколледжаѝвыдаетсяѝдиплом.ѝ
9.Вѝколледжеѝпредлагаютсяѝпрограммыѝбакалавриатаѝиѝмагистратуры.ѝ
10.Студентамѝможетѝбытьѝпредоставленаѝматериальнаяѝпомощь.ѝ
Reading
Before you read, answer these questions.
1.ѝDidѝyouѝtakeѝentranceѝexamsѝtoѝourѝUniversityѝinѝAugust?ѝ 2.ѝWhatѝrequirementsѝdidѝyouѝmeetѝtoѝenterѝourѝUniversity?ѝ 3.ѝHowѝmanyѝexamsѝdidѝyouѝpass?ѝ 4.ѝWhichѝoneѝwasѝtheѝmostѝdifficult?ѝ 5.ѝWasѝthereѝaѝstrongѝcompetition?ѝ 6.ѝDidѝyouѝfileѝanyѝapplicationѝform?ѝ
Exercise 1 Read the text.
Moscow University of the Interior of the Russian Federation.
MoscowѝUniversityѝofѝtheѝInteriorѝwasѝestablishedѝinѝ2002.ѝItѝprovidesѝeffectiveѝtrainingѝforѝmilitiaѝstaffѝofѝMoscow,ѝMoscowѝregionѝ andѝotherѝregionsѝofѝtheѝCentralѝFederalѝAreaѝofѝRussia,ѝandѝforѝtheѝ CISѝcountries.ѝ
63
Educationalѝprocessѝisѝconductedѝbyѝ35ѝchairs,ѝwhichѝprovideѝtrainingѝonѝmoreѝthanѝ240ѝsubjects.ѝThereѝareѝ7ѝbranchesѝinѝtheѝcitiesѝofѝ Russia.ѝTheѝtrainingѝatѝtheѝUniversityѝisѝconductedѝatѝ13ѝfaculties.ѝ
TheѝUniversityѝisѝaѝlargeѝscientificѝcentreѝwhichѝstudiesѝtheoreticalѝ andѝpracticalѝproblemsѝofѝlawѝenforcementѝagencies.ѝThereѝareѝmoreѝ thanѝ150ѝdoctorsѝofѝscienceѝandѝmoreѝthanѝ570ѝcandidatesѝofѝscienceѝ atѝtheѝUniversity.ѝѝ
Post-graduateѝeducationѝinѝ15ѝscientificѝspecializationsѝisѝavailableѝatѝ theѝDoctorѝandѝPostѝGraduateѝCourses.ѝ
TheѝUniversityѝhasѝallѝfacilitiesѝincludingѝtheѝnecessaryѝnumberѝofѝ lecture,ѝ assemblyѝ andѝ readingѝ halls,ѝ classrooms,ѝ computerѝ classes,ѝ trainingѝ grounds,ѝ laboratories,ѝ gymnasiumsѝ andѝ sportѝ grounds,ѝ shootingѝ rangesѝ andѝ aѝswimmingѝ pool,ѝ librariesѝ withѝ moreѝ thanѝ 1ѝ millionѝbooks.ѝ
GreatѝattentionѝatѝtheѝUniversityѝisѝpaidѝtoѝphysicalѝtrainingѝandѝsports.ѝTheѝ studentsѝandѝtheѝUniversityѝstaffѝparticipateѝinѝcompetitionsѝandѝgames.ѝ EveryѝyearѝthereѝisѝaѝcompetitionѝinѝdifferentѝsportsѝatѝtheѝUniversity;ѝthereѝ areѝjudo,ѝselfѝ-ѝdefense,ѝboxing,ѝfootball,ѝskiingѝsportѝclubs.ѝ
Studentѝscientificѝconferencesѝprovideѝtheѝopportunityѝtoѝmeetѝlead- ingѝRussiaѝscientistsѝ—ѝlawyers,ѝpracticalѝspecialistsѝfromѝtheѝMinis- tryѝofѝtheѝInterior,ѝwellѝ-ѝknownѝRussianѝpublicѝrepresentativesѝandѝ politicians.ѝ
Theѝ Universityѝ developsѝ closeѝ relationshipsѝ withѝ foreignѝ scientificѝ andѝeducationalѝinstitutes.ѝ
Lotsѝofѝinternationalѝconferences,ѝseminarsѝandѝroundѝtablesѝareѝorganizedѝannually.ѝTheѝlawѝenforcementѝofficersѝfromѝdifferentѝcountriesѝandѝrepresentativesѝfromѝinternationalѝorganizationsѝareѝinvitedѝ there.ѝProfessorsѝandѝstudentsѝofѝtheѝUniversityѝtakeѝpartѝinѝtheѝscientificѝconferencesѝheldѝbyѝforeignѝpartnersѝinѝotherѝcountries.ѝ
GraduatesѝofѝtheѝMoscowѝUniversityѝofѝtheѝMinistryѝofѝtheѝInteriorѝ ofѝRussiaѝsuccessfullyѝuseѝtheirѝknowledgeѝinѝdifferentѝDepartmentsѝ ofѝtheѝMinistry.ѝ
Exercise 2 Find in the text the English equivalents for these words and word combinations.
обеспечиватьѝ эффективнуюѝ подготовку;ѝ осуществлятьѝ образовательныйѝпроцесс;ѝфилиалы;ѝкандидатыѝиѝдоктораѝнаук;ѝкафедра;ѝ участвоватьѝвѝсоревнованиях;ѝбытьѝвѝналичии;ѝпредоставитьѝвозможность;ѝ представительѝ зарубежныхѝ организаций;ѝ выпускникиѝ университетаѝ
64
Exercise 3 What do these figures in the text refer to? |
|
||
1.ѝ2002ѝ |
3.ѝ35ѝ |
5.ѝ1ѝmillionѝ |
7.ѝ570ѝ |
2.ѝ15ѝ |
4.ѝ13ѝ |
6.ѝ7ѝ |
8.ѝ150ѝ |
Exercise 4 Agree or disagree with the statements below. |
|
||
Theѝfollowingѝmayѝhelpѝyou:ѝ |
|
|
|
Toѝmyѝmind,…ѝ |
|
Iѝthink…ѝ |
|
Itѝseemsѝtoѝme…ѝ |
|
Iѝbelieve…ѝ |
|
1.Itѝisѝdifficultѝforѝeverybodyѝtoѝpassѝentranceѝexams.ѝ
2.Itѝisѝalwaysѝdifficultѝtoѝcombineѝstudiesѝwithѝwork.ѝ
3.Full-timeѝstudentsѝhaveѝtoѝstudyѝhard.ѝ
4.AllѝtheѝgraduatesѝofѝtheѝUniversityѝbecomeѝlawyers.ѝ
5.MoscowѝUniversityѝofѝtheѝInteriorѝwasѝestablishedѝinѝ2003.ѝ
6.Moscowѝ Universityѝ providesѝ effectiveѝ trainingѝ forѝ militiaѝ staffѝ ofѝ Moscowѝonly.ѝ
7.Ifѝyouѝknowѝaѝforeignѝlanguage,ѝyouѝcanѝparticipateѝinѝinternationalѝseminars.ѝ
Exercise 5 Read this text using a dictionary, answer the questions.
1.ѝWhereѝdoѝmilitiaѝofficersѝwork?ѝ 2.ѝWhatѝspecialѝsciencesѝdoѝtheyѝhaveѝtoѝgetѝknowledgeѝof?ѝ
ѝ
Militia officers
Militiaѝofficersѝworkѝasѝdetectives,ѝoperativesѝandѝinvestigatorsѝatѝtheѝ agenciesѝofѝtheѝMinistryѝofѝInternalѝAffairs.ѝTheirѝspecialtiesѝareѝlaw,ѝ crimeѝdetectionѝandѝcrimeѝinvestigation.ѝTheyѝareѝtoѝdealѝwithѝvariousѝproblemsѝofѝlifeѝandѝperformѝwellѝunderѝoperationalѝconditions.ѝ Theirѝworkѝisѝnotѝeasy,ѝsoѝtheyѝareѝtoѝbeѝreadyѝforѝitѝandѝtoѝstudyѝ manyѝdifferentѝsciencesѝatѝtheѝHigherѝMilitiaѝSchoolsѝinѝorderѝtoѝgetѝ goodѝprofessionalѝtraining.ѝThusѝtheyѝstudyѝCrimeѝDetection,ѝCriminalѝ Law,ѝ Criminalѝ Procedure,ѝ Criminology,ѝ Criminalistics,ѝ Legalѝ History,ѝCivilѝLawѝandѝothers.ѝBesidesѝtheyѝareѝtoѝdriveѝaѝcar,ѝtoѝuseѝ theѝweapon,ѝtoѝinterviewѝwitnessesѝandѝtoѝinterrogateѝcriminals,ѝtoѝ searchѝcrimeѝscene.ѝ
65
Over to you
Use the information above to make a presentation about your University. These phrases may be of help:
MoscowѝUniversityѝofѝtheѝInteriorѝwasѝestablished…..ѝ TheѝUniversityѝisѝdedicatedѝtoѝ…ѝ TheѝUniversityѝprovidesѝfacilitiesѝforѝ…ѝ Thereѝareѝ13ѝfacultiesѝatѝtheѝUniversity:….ѝ MoscowѝUniversityѝofѝtheѝInteriorѝhasѝ7ѝbranchesѝinѝtheѝcitiesѝof…ѝ 35ѝdepartmentsѝofѝtheѝUniversityѝ(Chairs)ѝofferѝtheѝfollowingѝcoursesѝ…..ѝ Anѝapplicantѝforѝfreshmanѝadmissionѝmust…ѝ Uponѝgraduationѝtheѝstudents….ѝ
Exercise 6 Study the following resume (CV), use the vocabulary below.
SampleѝPoliceѝOfficerѝResumeѝ
JohnѝT.ѝPolicemanѝChiefѝofѝPoliceѝ/ѝLawѝEnforcementѝOfficerѝ
123ѝMainѝBoulevardѝ YourѝCity,ѝNYѝ10000ѝ (212)555—1212ѝ
EducationѝandѝTrainingѝ
UniversityѝofѝPittsburgѝ—ѝ1997ѝ
BachelorsѝofѝArtsѝ—ѝCriminalѝLawѝ
LawѝEnforcementѝAcademyѝGraduateѝ—ѝ1999ѝ
FieldѝTrainingѝProgramѝ
Plainfield,ѝIndianaѝ
LawѝEnforcementѝSkillsѝ/ѝKnowledgeѝ
|
CriminalѝLawѝ |
|
TrafficѝLawѝ |
|
HumanѝBehaviorѝ |
|
AccidentѝInvestigationѝ |
DomesticѝViolenceѝInvestiCrimeѝPreventionѝ
|
gationѝ |
|
VehicleѝOperationѝ |
EvidenceѝCollectionѝ |
|
CommunityѝPolicingѝ |
|
|
Firearmsѝ |
HazardousѝMaterialѝRe- |
|
|
DefensiveѝTacticsѝ |
|
sponseѝ |
66
ѝ
CareerѝAchievementsѝ
ElectedѝasѝAreaѝRepresentativeѝtoѝtheѝStateѝ PoliceѝAssociationѝinѝ 2002.ѝInѝ2004ѝelectedѝasѝstateѝrepresentativeѝtoѝNationalѝPoliceѝAssociation.ѝ
FoundingѝmemberѝofѝSoberѝ—ѝaѝcommunityѝsupportedѝorganizationѝ dealingѝwithѝtheѝpersonalѝtragediesѝassociatedѝwithѝdrinkingѝandѝdriving.ѝ
ActingѝprojectѝmanagerѝforѝtheѝintegrationѝofѝGISѝandѝ911ѝintoѝexistingѝ emergencyѝtelephoneѝnetworkѝatѝtheѝmunicipalѝandѝcountyѝlevel.ѝ
LawѝEnforcementѝ/ѝCareerѝExperienceѝ
WestwoodѝPoliceѝDepartment,ѝWestwood,ѝNYѝ10/2002ѝ—ѝpresentѝ
Sergeantѝ
Maintainedѝ computerѝ applicationsѝ andѝ geographicѝ systemsѝ forѝ WestwoodѝPoliceѝDepartmentѝincludingѝthoseѝusedѝforѝfingerprinting,ѝcrimeѝ patternѝanalysisѝandѝtrafficѝsafety.ѝDepartmentalѝspeakerѝtoѝlocalѝcommunityѝorganizationsѝexplainingѝprogramsѝdealingѝwithѝdrugѝabuse,ѝdrivingѝunderѝtheѝinfluenceѝofѝalcoholѝandѝpettyѝtheftѝamongѝjuveniles.ѝDirectlyѝresponsibleѝforѝtheѝsupervisionѝandѝtheѝtrainingѝofѝthreeѝjuniorѝofficersѝ inѝ theѝ skillsѝ areasѝ ofѝ crimeѝ preventionѝ andѝ evidenceѝ collection.ѝ Electedѝ andѝ servedѝ asѝ departmentalѝ representativeѝ toѝ municipalѝ andѝ countyѝHazardousѝMaterialsѝteam.ѝ
BridgewaterѝPoliceѝDepartment,ѝBridgewater,ѝNYѝ11/1997—10/2002ѝ
TrafficѝOfficerѝ
Responsibleѝforѝmaintainingѝtownshipѝstrategyѝandѝtheѝanalysisѝofѝtrafficѝ patternsѝduringѝtheѝmorningѝrushѝhour.ѝMaintainedѝschedulingѝforѝtrafficѝ controlѝdepartmentѝ
ѝ
Vocabulary
integrationѝ |
интеграция,ѝобъединениеѝ |
existingѝemergencyѝtele- |
существующаяѝ телефоннаяѝ сетьѝ дляѝ приемаѝ |
phoneѝnetworkѝѝ |
звонковѝоѝчрезвычайныхѝситуацияхѝ |
toѝmaintainѝcomputerѝ |
заниматьсяѝ специальнымиѝ компьютернымиѝ |
applicationsѝѝ |
программамиѝ |
fingerprintingѝѝ |
снятиеѝотпечатковѝпальцевѝ |
crimeѝpatternѝanalysisѝѝ |
анализѝмоделейѝпреступленийѝѝ |
67
trafficѝsafetyѝѝ безопасностьѝдорожногоѝдвиженияѝ dealingѝwithѝdrugѝabuseѝѝ иметьѝделоѝсоѝзлоупотреблениемѝнаркотикамиѝ
responsibleѝforѝtheѝsu- |
ответственныйѝзаѝнадзорѝ |
pervisionѝѝ |
|
crimeѝpreventionѝѝ |
предотвращениеѝпреступленийѝ |
evidenceѝcollectionѝѝ |
сборѝуликѝ |
morningѝrushѝhourѝѝ |
утреннийѝчасѝпикѝ |
schedulingѝ |
составлениеѝграфикаѝ |
Exercise 7 Give the written translation of the law enforcement skills, presented in the CV above.
Exercise 8 Answer these questions.
1.Whatѝpositionѝdoesѝthisѝpersonѝapplyѝfor?ѝ
2.WhatѝcareerѝexperienceѝisѝmentionedѝinѝtheѝCV?ѝ
3.Whyѝdoѝyouѝthinkѝthisѝexperienceѝisѝimportantѝforѝaѝlawѝenforcementѝexpert?ѝ
4.Whatѝwereѝtheѝresponsibilitiesѝofѝthisѝpoliceman,ѝwhenѝheѝstartedѝhisѝ lawѝenforcementѝcareer?ѝ
5.Whatѝisѝtheѝcurrentѝpositionѝofѝthisѝcandidate?ѝ
6.Whatѝareѝhisѝresponsibilitiesѝatѝhisѝcurrentѝposition?ѝ
*ѝJUSTѝFORѝFUN:ѝRealѝresumes.ѝ
Theseѝareѝtakenѝfromѝrealѝresumesѝandѝcoverѝlettersѝandѝwereѝprintedѝinѝ theѝJulyѝ21,ѝ1997ѝissueѝofѝFortuneѝMagazine:ѝ
Iѝdemandѝaѝsalaryѝcommiserateѝwithѝmyѝextensiveѝexperience.ѝ
Whollyѝresponsibleѝforѝtwoѝ(2)ѝfailedѝfinancialѝinstitutions.ѝ
Failedѝbarѝexamѝwithѝrelativelyѝhighѝgrades.ѝ
Maritalѝstatus:ѝsingle.ѝUnmarried.ѝUnengaged.ѝUninvolved.ѝNoѝcommitments.ѝѝ
Iѝhaveѝanѝexcellentѝtrackѝrecord,ѝalthoughѝIѝamѝnotѝaѝhorse.ѝ
Asѝindicted,ѝIѝhaveѝoverѝfiveѝyearsѝofѝanalyzingѝinvestments.ѝ
Maritalѝstatus:ѝoften.ѝChildren:ѝvarious.ѝ
Reasonѝforѝleavingѝlastѝjob:ѝTheyѝinsistedѝthatѝallѝemployeesѝgetѝtoѝworkѝ byѝ8:45ѝamѝeveryѝmorning.ѝIѝcouldn'tѝworkѝunderѝthoseѝconditions.ѝ
References:ѝnone.ѝI'veѝleftѝaѝpathѝofѝdestructionѝbehindѝme.ѝ
Over to you
What job or position can you apply for now? Write your CV.
68
Lesson 5
GETTING TO KNOW THE WORLD
«The limits of my language are the limits of my world»
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889—1951), an Austrian philosopher
Starting up
Study the following.
capitalѝ |
metropolisѝ |
theѝmetropolisѝѝ |
metropolitanѝѝ |
|
столицаѝ |
1)ѝстолицаѝ |
столицаѝВе- |
1)ѝстоличныйѝ |
|
(syn.ѝ—ѝmetropolis)ѝ |
(syn.ѝcapital)ѝ |
ликобрита- |
2)ѝцентральный;ѝ |
|
capitalѝ |
2)ѝметрополияѝ |
нииѝЛондонѝ |
находящийсяѝвѝ |
|
|
aѝgreatѝbusi- |
эпицентреѝ |
||
главный,ѝоснов- |
3)ѝцентр,ѝсре- |
|||
nessѝmetropolisѝ |
|
|||
доточиеѝкакой- |
theѝmetropolitanѝ |
|||
ной,ѝкапитальный;ѝ |
||||
либоѝдеятель- |
—крупныйѝ |
areaѝ— |
||
важнейший,ѝведу- |
||||
деловойѝ |
||||
ностиѝ(куль- |
|
|||
щийѝѝ |
площадьѝгородаѝ |
|||
центрѝѝ |
||||
турной,ѝдело- |
||||
capitalѝletterѝ—ѝ |
сѝпригородамиѝ |
|||
|
||||
вой,ѝполитиче- |
theѝworld'sѝ |
|||
|
||||
большаяѝбукваѝѝ |
metropolitanѝ |
|||
скойѝиѝт.д.)ѝ |
greatѝmetropo- |
|||
жительѝстолич- |
||||
capitalѝcityѝ—ѝ |
ѝ |
lisesѝ— |
||
столица,ѝстолич- |
|
ключевыеѝ |
ногоѝгорода,ѝ |
|
|
городаѝмираѝ |
жительѝметро- |
||
ныйѝгородѝ |
|
|||
|
|
полииѝѝ |
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
Exercise 1 Translate these examples into Russian.
1.ParisѝisѝtheѝcapitalѝofѝFrance.ѝ
2.THESEѝAREѝCAPITALѝLETTERSѝ/ѝCAPITALS.ѝ
3.Thereѝareѝaѝsignificantѝnumberѝofѝcountriesѝthatѝhaveѝmultipleѝcapitalѝ cities.ѝForѝexample,ѝtheѝlegalѝ(deѝjure)ѝcapitalѝofѝtheѝNetherlandsѝisѝ Amsterdam,ѝthoughѝtheѝfactualѝ(deѝfacto)ѝseatѝofѝgovernmentѝandѝ residenceѝisѝTheѝHague.ѝ
4.LondonѝisѝEngland'sѝmetropolis.ѝ
5.Aѝmetropolitanѝisѝaѝpersonѝwhoѝlivesѝinѝaѝmetropolis.ѝ
69