Exercise 5 Complete the sentences.

Famousѝlandmarksѝ

1.TheѝGreatѝWallѝofѝChinaѝ________ѝ(begin)ѝinѝ214ѝB.C.ѝItѝisѝtheѝlargestѝstructureѝinѝtheѝworld.ѝ

2.Theѝ Colosseumѝ inѝ Romeѝ ___________ѝ (open)ѝ inѝ 80ѝ A.D.ѝItѝ wasѝ sometimesѝfilledѝwithѝwaterѝforѝshipѝbattles.ѝ

3.TheѝTajѝMahalѝ inѝIndiaѝ____________ѝ (built)ѝbetweenѝ 1630ѝandѝ 1652.ѝItѝisѝaѝtombѝforѝtheѝwifeѝofѝanѝIndianѝprince.ѝ

4.TheѝStatueѝofѝLibertyѝinѝNewѝYorkѝ_________ѝ(open)ѝinѝ1886.ѝItѝ wasѝaѝgiftѝtoѝAmericansѝfromѝtheѝpeopleѝofѝFrance.ѝ

5.Theѝ Eiffelѝ Towerѝ inѝ Parisѝ ________ѝ (complete)ѝ inѝ 1889.ѝ Itѝ

________ѝ(build)ѝforѝtheѝ100thѝanniversaryѝofѝtheѝFrenchѝRevolution.ѝ

Exercise 6 Answer these questions.

1.ѝHaveѝyouѝseenѝanyѝofѝtheseѝlandmarks?ѝDoѝyouѝknowѝanyoneѝwhoѝ has?ѝ

2.ѝWhatѝelseѝdoѝyouѝknowѝaboutѝtheseѝplaces?ѝ 3.ѝWhatѝareѝtheѝthreeѝmostѝfamousѝlandmarksѝinѝRussia?ѝ

4.ѝDescribeѝtheѝcityѝyouѝhaveѝbeenѝtoѝrecently.ѝWhatѝdidѝyouѝlikeѝthere?ѝ Whatѝdidn'tѝyouѝlikeѝthere?ѝWhatѝsightsѝdidѝyouѝsee?ѝ

Grammar: The perfect tenses (времена группы Perfect)

Сказуемоеѝ вѝ формеѝ Perfectѝ выражаетѝ действие,ѝ котороеѝ ужеѝ законченоѝкѝопределенномуѝмоментуѝилиѝдоѝопределенногоѝдействияѝвѝнастоящем,ѝпрошедшемѝилиѝбудущем.ѝ

TheѝPresentѝ	Heѝhasѝalreadyѝgoneѝtoѝwork.ѝѝ	Онѝужеѝушелѝнаѝрабо-
PerfectѝTenseѝ		ту.ѝ
TheѝPastѝPer-	WhenѝIѝcalledѝhim,ѝheѝhadѝ	Когдаѝяѝемуѝпозвонил,ѝонѝ
fectѝTenseѝ	alreadyѝgoneѝsightseeing.ѝѝ	ужеѝушелѝнаѝэкскурсиюѝ
		осматриватьѝдостоприме-
		чательности.ѝ
TheѝFutureѝ	Theѝentranceѝexamsѝwillѝ	Вступительныеѝэкзаменыѝ
PerfectѝTenseѝ	haveѝfinishedѝbyѝTuesdayѝ	закончатсяѝкоѝвторникуѝ
	nextѝweek.ѝ	наѝследующейѝнеделе.ѝ

*ѝSeeѝGrammarѝreferenceѝ

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Exercise 1 Translate these sentences into Russian.

1.Heѝhasѝnotѝphonedѝtheѝlieutenantѝyet.ѝ

2.WhenѝIѝcameѝtoѝtheѝofficeѝheѝhadѝalreadyѝleft.ѝ

3.Iѝhaveѝnotѝreadѝhisѝstatementѝyet.ѝ

4.BeforeѝmyѝchiefѝinvitedѝmeѝtoѝhisѝofficeѝIѝhadѝreadѝtheѝbrief.ѝ

5.HaveѝyouѝeverѝbeenѝtoѝWestminster?ѝ

6.WhatѝsightsѝhaveѝyouѝvisitedѝinѝWashington?ѝ

7.Theyѝleftѝyesterdayѝbutѝtheyѝhadѝnotѝstudiedѝallѝtheѝmaterials.ѝ

8.IѝhaveѝneverѝbeenѝtoѝVenice.ѝ

9.HaveѝyourѝcolleaguesѝfromѝLAPDѝvisitedѝtheѝRedѝSquare?ѝ

10.Theѝguideѝwillѝhaveѝfinishedѝtheѝexcursionѝbyѝ5ѝo'clock.ѝ

Exercise 2 Open the brackets, use the verbs in the present/ past perfect.

1.Iѝ_____________ѝ(toѝread)ѝtheseѝstories.ѝ

2.Heѝ____________ѝ(toѝsee)ѝthisѝdetectiveѝfilmѝyet.ѝ

3.Anotherѝlawѝschoolѝ________ѝ(toѝfound)ѝinѝthisѝcityѝthisѝyear.ѝ

4.Youѝ___________ѝ(toѝvisit)ѝthisѝbeautifulѝcityѝinѝnorthѝeasternѝItaly?ѝ

5.Iѝheardѝthatѝheѝ__________ѝ(toѝpromote).ѝ

Exercise 3 Translate these sentences into English.

1.ОниѝужеѝуехалиѝизѝМосквы.ѝ

2.Яѝслышал,ѝчтоѝонѝуехалѝизѝВашингтона.ѝ

3.Онѝещеѝнеѝпрочелѝуголовноеѝдело.ѝ

4.Когдаѝмыѝвернулись,ѝкапитанѝужеѝнаписалѝрапорт.ѝ

5.Яѝнеѝзналѝэтогоѝчеловека.ѝЯѝникогдаѝнеѝвиделѝегоѝраньше.ѝ

6.Когдаѝкурсантѝпришел,ѝурокѝужеѝначался.ѝ

7.Вчераѝониѝпришлиѝнаѝработуѝиѝувидели,ѝчтоѝкто-тоѝограбилѝихѝ офисѝночью.ѝ

8. Матчѝзакончитсяѝкѝ5ѝчасам.ѝ

9.Мыѝужеѝосмотрелиѝвсеѝдостопримечательностиѝвѝэтомѝгородеѝиѝ собираемсяѝуезжать.ѝ

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Exercise 4 Open the brackets using the verbs in appropriate forms.

1.Moscowѝ__________ѝ(toѝconsider)ѝoneѝofѝtheѝoldestѝcitiesѝofѝRussia.ѝ

2.Theѝcityѝ__________ѝ(toѝfound)ѝbyѝPrinceѝYuryѝDolgoruky.ѝ

3.Itѝ_________ѝ(toѝmention)ѝfirstѝinѝwrittenѝpapersѝinѝ1147.ѝ

4.Inѝ1918ѝMoscowѝ_________ѝ(toѝbecome)ѝtheѝcapitalѝofѝRussia.ѝ

5.Allѝtheѝtimeѝsinceѝ1918ѝitѝ_______ѝ(toѝbe)ѝtheѝcapitalѝofѝtheѝMoscowѝregion.ѝ

6.Inѝ2008ѝMoscowѝ________ѝ(toѝname)ѝtheѝworld'sѝmostѝexpensiveѝ city.ѝ

7.Moscowѝ (toѝ possess)ѝ aѝ complexѝ transportѝ system,ѝ thatѝ _______ѝѝ (toѝinclude)ѝ3ѝinternationalѝairports,ѝ9ѝrailroadѝterminals,ѝandѝtheѝ world'sѝsecondѝbusiestѝmetroѝsystem.ѝ

8.TheѝMoscowѝsubwayѝ_________ѝ(toѝbe)ѝfamousѝforѝitsѝarchitectureѝandѝartwork.ѝ

9.TheѝcityѝofѝMoscowѝ_________ѝ(toѝhead)ѝbyѝoneѝmayor.ѝ

10.TheѝMoscowѝKremlinѝ________ѝ(toѝserve)ѝasѝtheѝresidenceѝofѝtheѝ PresidentѝofѝRussia.ѝ

Grammar: The Articles (артикли)

Артикль,ѝкакѝправило,ѝнеѝупотребляетсяѝпередѝименамиѝиѝфамилиямиѝлюдей,ѝпередѝназваниямиѝгородов,ѝмногихѝстран,ѝулицѝиѝ площадей,ѝучебныхѝзаведений.ѝОстальныеѝслучаиѝзапоминатьѝотдельно.ѝ

*ѝSeeѝGrammarѝreferenceѝ

Exercise 1 Read these proper names paying attention to the article.

theѝUnitedѝKingdomѝofѝGreatѝBritainѝandѝNorthernѝIrelandѝ theѝUnitedѝStatesѝofѝAmericaѝ

theѝNetherlandsѝ
Europeѝѝ	GreaterѝLondonѝ
theѝPhilippinesѝѝ	Westminsterѝ
theѝThamesѝѝ	theѝCityѝ
theѝNorthѝSeaѝѝ	theѝLondonѝRegionalѝTransportѝ
theѝAlpsѝ	theѝLondonѝUndergroundѝ
Washingtonѝѝ	theѝPotomacѝRiverѝ
Chicagoѝѝ	theѝPacificѝOceanѝ

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Exercise 2 Do you know what countries these places are located in?

theѝHudsonѝRiverѝ	ѝtheѝGreatѝLakesѝ
theѝCordillerasѝѝ	MountѝEverestѝ
theѝBalticѝSeaѝѝ	theѝgreatѝBarrierѝReefѝ

Exercise 3 Complete questions 1—4 with the comparatives and 5—8 with the superlatives. Then ask and answer these questions. Check your answers in Appendix 4.

1.Whichѝ countryѝ isѝ _____________,ѝ Vaticanѝ Cityѝ orѝ Monaco?ѝ (small)ѝ

2.Whichѝcityѝisѝ______________,ѝCairoѝorѝHongѝKong?ѝ(crowded)ѝ

3.Whichѝwaterfallѝisѝ__________,ѝAngelѝFallsѝorѝNiagaraѝFalls?ѝ(high)ѝ

4.Whichѝlakeѝis_________,ѝtheѝCaspianѝSeaѝorѝLakeѝSuperior?ѝ(large)ѝ

5.Whatѝisѝ_____________ѝoceanѝinѝtheѝworld,ѝtheѝAtlanticѝorѝtheѝPacific?ѝ(deep)ѝ

6.Whichѝmountainѝisѝ______________:ѝMountѝEverest,ѝFujiyama,ѝorѝ MountѝMcѝKinley?(tall)ѝ

7.Whatѝisѝ________ѝriverѝinѝtheѝworld,ѝtheѝAmazonѝorѝtheѝNile?ѝ(long)ѝ

8.Whichѝcountryѝis_____________ѝwithѝtourists:ѝRussia,ѝFrance,ѝorѝ Brazil?ѝ(popular)ѝ

Exercise 4 Translate these word combinations into English.

центрѝгорода;ѝвѝначалеѝXVIIѝвека;ѝКремль;ѝвѝконцеѝXIXѝвека;ѝстолицаѝгосударства;ѝвѝсерединеѝвека;ѝулицаѝВолгина;ѝсердцеѝМосквы;ѝМосковскийѝУниверситетѝМинистерстваѝвнутреннихѝделѝРФ;ѝ говоритьѝ по-французски;ѝ пониматьѝ итальянский;ѝ читатьѝ поанглийскиѝ

Exercise 5 Insert appropriate articles.

1.Moscowѝisѝ___ѝlargestѝcityѝofѝRussia.ѝ

2.Accordingѝtoѝ___ѝlatestѝfiguresѝitsѝpopulationѝisѝaboutѝ9ѝmillionѝpeople.ѝ

3. .___ѝtotalѝareaѝofѝMoscowѝisѝaboutѝ900ѝsquareѝkilometers.ѝ

4.LikeѝmanyѝotherѝbigѝcitiesѝMoscowѝisѝsituatedѝonѝ___ѝbanksѝofѝ___ѝriver.ѝ

5.___ѝnameѝofѝ___ѝriverѝisѝ___ѝMoskvaѝRiver.ѝ

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6.Londonѝisѝ___ѝcapitalѝofѝGreatѝBritainѝandѝ___ѝseatѝofѝ___ѝGovernment.ѝ

7.Londonѝbeganѝitsѝlifeѝasѝ___ѝRomanѝfortification.ѝ

8.Itѝisѝlocatedѝonѝ___ѝbanksѝofѝ___ѝRiverѝThames.ѝ

9.___ѝThamesѝisѝaboutѝ210ѝmilesѝlong.ѝ

10.___ѝpopulationѝofѝLondonѝisѝaboutѝ8ѝmillionѝpeople.ѝ

11.___ѝmetropolisѝofѝGreaterѝLondonѝcoversѝaboutѝ1580ѝsquareѝmiles.ѝ

12.Londonѝhasѝ___ѝfewѝcentres.ѝ

Exercise 6 Choose the correct preposition.

1.TheѝCity,ѝaѝfinancialѝandѝbusinessѝcentreѝofѝLondon,ѝisѝalwaysѝspeltѝ in/withѝaѝcapitalѝletterѝ«C».ѝ

2.TheѝshoppingѝandѝentertainmentѝcentreѝofѝLondonѝisѝin/atѝtheѝWestѝEnd.ѝ

3.TheѝgovernmentѝcentreѝofѝLondonѝisѝin/atѝWestminster,ѝwhichѝisѝtheѝ nameѝat/ofѝtheѝpalaceѝwhereѝtheѝgovernmentѝsits.ѝ

4.LondonersѝandѝtouristsѝcanѝtravelѝaroundѝLondonѝby/inѝbusѝorѝby/inѝ underground.ѝ

5.Moscowѝisѝtheѝseatѝin/ofѝtheѝfederalѝandѝregionalѝgovernments.ѝ

6.Theѝhistoricalѝcentreѝat/ofѝMoscowѝisѝRedѝSquareѝandѝtheѝKremlin.ѝ

7.In/OnѝtheѝOldѝSlavicѝlanguageѝtheѝwordѝ«red»ѝmeantѝ«beautiful».ѝ

8.Mostѝ cathedralsѝ wereѝbuiltѝ in/duringѝ theѝ periodѝ betweenѝ theѝ 15thѝ andѝ17thѝcenturies.ѝ

9.TwentyѝtowersѝofѝtheѝKremlinѝwereѝconstructedѝin/atѝtheѝendѝofѝtheѝ 17thѝcentury.ѝ

Exercise 7 Read these sentences and make your comments. Do you agree?

1.Iѝdon'tѝthinkѝthatѝmanyѝtouristsѝareѝnowѝcomingѝtoѝMoscow.ѝ

2.Toѝmyѝmind,ѝmanyѝpeopleѝcomeѝforѝsightseeing.ѝ

3.Moscowѝhasѝchangedѝgreatlyѝforѝtheѝlastѝ5ѝyears.ѝ

4.ThereѝareѝveryѝmanyѝplacesѝofѝinterestѝforѝforeignѝandѝourѝownѝtouristsѝtoѝseeѝinѝMoscowѝandѝitsѝsuburbs.ѝ

5.TheѝTsarѝCannonѝandѝtheѝTsarѝBellѝofѝtheѝMoscowѝKremlinѝusuallyѝ attractѝtourists.ѝ

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Exercise 8 Complete this dialogue.

—ѝIѝdon'tѝthinkѝmanyѝtourists……..…ѝAndѝit'sѝaѝpity.ѝThoughѝtouristѝin- dustry…….…ѝandѝgoodѝearnings………….ѝ

—ѝ Let'sѝ hopeѝ forѝ theѝ better.ѝ Itѝ seemsѝ toѝ meѝ youѝ cannotѝ denyѝ theѝ fact………..ѝtoѝdoѝsomeѝsightseeing.ѝ

—ѝIt'sѝtrueѝbutѝtheѝnumber…………………..…ѝ

—ѝAndѝwhatѝplacesѝofѝinterestѝdoѝyouѝthink…………………..ѝ

—ѝToѝmyѝmind……………………………ѝ

—ѝIѝagreeѝwithѝyouѝhere.ѝThereѝare………………ѝmasterpieces…ѝAndѝIѝ wouldѝalsoѝsay…….…ѝsuburbs………ѝestates……………ѝfamousѝpeople.ѝ

Over to you

Tell you groupmates about your home town. Use the following words in your story:

…isѝlocated…ѝ …wasѝbuiltѝinѝ…ѝ …theѝpopulationѝisѝ…ѝ Itѝisѝfamousѝfor…ѝ

Theѝpopularѝtouristѝattractionsѝare…ѝ

ѝ

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Lesson 6

CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

«We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak»

Epictetus (55—135 AD), a Greek stoic philosopher

«The way we communicate with others ourselves ultimately determines the quality of our lives»

Anthony Robbins (b.1960), an American writer

Starting up

Study the following.

	authorityѝ	authorizeѝ	authorizationѝ
	1)ѝвластьѝѝ	1)ѝуполномочивать;ѝ	1)ѝсанкционирование,ѝ
	toѝdelegateѝauthorityѝ	поручатьѝ	разрешениеѝ
	—передаватьѝ	2)ѝразрешать,ѝсанк-	2)ѝсанкция,ѝутверждение,ѝ
	властьѝ	ционироватьѝ	одобрение,ѝразрешениеѝѝ
	authorityѝofѝParlia-	ѝ	toѝgiveѝauthorizationѝ—
	mentѝ—властьѝпар-	authoritativeѝ	одобрить,ѝдатьѝсанк-
	ламентаѝѝ		цию/разрешениеѝ
		1)ѝофициальныйѝѝ
	2)ѝвласти,ѝадмини-
		2)ѝвлиятельный,ѝавто-
	страцияѝ
		ритетный;ѝнадежныйѝ
	3)ѝполномочиеѝ
	4)ѝавторитетѝ

Exercise 1 Translate these examples into Russian.

1.Aѝcommandingѝofficerѝhasѝcompleteѝauthorityѝoverѝherѝpersonnel.ѝ

2.Byѝwhatѝauthorityѝdoѝyouѝdoѝtheseѝthings,ѝandѝwhoѝgaveѝyouѝthisѝauthority?ѝ

3.Doѝyouѝhaveѝtheѝowner'sѝauthorizationѝtoѝdriveѝthisѝcar?ѝ

4.Whoѝauthorizedѝthisѝmeeting?ѝ

5.Thisѝsourceѝofѝinformationѝisѝauthoritative.ѝ

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