2.misdeedsѝ—ѝwickedѝacts,ѝcrimesѝ

3.barbaricѝ—ѝcruelѝorѝwild,ѝandѝnotѝasѝexpectedѝofѝaѝcivilizedѝpersonѝ

4.retributionѝ—ѝpunishmentѝthatѝisѝconsideredѝtoѝbeѝmorallyѝrightѝandѝ fullyѝdeserved,ѝrevengeѝ

Exercise 1 Complete the text with the words and expressions from the previous tasks.

Theѝfirstѝpurposeѝofѝpunishmentѝisѝtoѝ______ѝtheѝoffender,ѝ_______ѝtheѝ offender'sѝ moralѝ attitudesѝ andѝ antisocialѝ behaviorѝ andѝ toѝ

_________him,ѝwhichѝmeansѝtoѝassistѝtheѝoffenderѝtoѝreturnѝtoѝnormalѝ lifeѝasѝaѝusefulѝmemberѝofѝtheѝcommunity.ѝPunishmentѝcanѝalsoѝbeѝseenѝ asѝaѝ_______ѝbecauseѝitѝwarnsѝotherѝpeopleѝofѝwhatѝwillѝhappenѝifѝtheyѝ breakѝtheѝlawѝandѝpreventsѝthemѝfromѝdoingѝso.ѝTheѝthirdѝpurposeѝofѝ punishmentѝliesѝinѝsociety'sѝdesireѝfor______,ѝwhichѝmeansѝrevenge.ѝInѝ otherѝ words,ѝ don'tѝ weѝ feelѝ thatѝ aѝ _______shouldѝ sufferѝ forѝ his________?ѝ

Theѝformѝofѝpunishmentѝshouldѝalsoѝbeѝconsidered.ѝOnѝtheѝoneѝhand,ѝweѝ shouldѝ makeѝ theѝ punishmentѝ fitѝ theѝ crime.ѝ Murderers,ѝ forѝ example,ѝ shouldѝbeѝsubjectѝtoѝtheѝprincipleѝ«anѝeyeѝforѝanѝeyeѝandѝaѝtoothѝаѝtooth»ѝ andѝautomaticallyѝreceiveѝtheѝ«__________».ѝOnѝtheѝotherѝhand,ѝsuchѝ viewsѝmayѝbeѝconsideredѝunreasonable,ѝcruelѝand______ѝandѝweѝshouldѝ showѝaѝmoreѝ________attitudeѝtoѝpunishment.ѝ

Exercise 2 Answer and debate these questions.

1.Whatѝisѝtheѝpurposeѝofѝpunishmentѝfromѝyourѝpointѝofѝview?ѝ

2.Doesѝpenaltyѝassistѝtheѝoffenderѝtoѝreturnѝtoѝnormalѝlife?ѝ

3.Howѝshouldѝmakeѝtheѝpunishmentѝfitѝtheѝcrime?ѝIsѝitѝpossible?ѝ

4.Areѝyouѝforѝorѝagainstѝusingѝtheѝprincipleѝ«anѝeyeѝforѝanѝeyeѝandѝaѝ toothѝforѝаѝtooth»?ѝ

5.HowѝareѝcriminalsѝpunishedѝinѝtheѝRussianѝFederation?ѝ

6.Doesѝpunishmentѝdependѝonѝtheѝseriousnessѝofѝoffence?ѝ

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions.

1.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝpurposeѝofѝstateѝpunishment?ѝ 2.ѝHowѝshouldѝstateѝpunishmentѝbeѝorganized,ѝinѝyourѝopinion?ѝ

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Exercise 1 Read the text.

The forms of state punishment in Great Britain

TheѝGovernmentѝbelievesѝthatѝcustodyѝshouldѝbeѝaѝsanctionѝofѝlastѝresortѝusedѝonlyѝwhenѝtheѝseriousnessѝofѝtheѝoffenceѝmeansѝthatѝthereѝisѝaѝ positiveѝjustificationѝforѝaѝcustodialѝsentence,ѝorѝwhereѝtheѝpublicѝneedsѝ toѝbeѝprotectedѝfromѝaѝdangerousѝoffender.ѝAsѝthereѝisѝaѝmandatoryѝsentenceѝofѝlifeѝimprisonmentѝforѝmurderѝinѝBritain,ѝthisѝisѝalsoѝtheѝmaximumѝpenaltyѝforѝaѝnumberѝofѝseriousѝoffencesѝsuchѝasѝrobbery,ѝrape,ѝ arsonѝandѝmanslaughter.ѝ

Theѝdeathѝpenaltyѝhasѝbeenѝrepealedѝforѝalmostѝallѝoffences.ѝItѝremainsѝ onѝtheѝstatuteѝbookѝforѝtheѝoffencesѝofѝtreason,ѝpiracyѝwithѝviolenceѝandѝ someѝotherѝoffences.ѝItѝhas,ѝhowever,ѝnotѝbeenѝusedѝforѝanyѝofѝtheseѝ offencesѝsinceѝ1946.ѝ

Theѝpurposeѝofѝprobationѝisѝtoѝprotectѝsocietyѝbyѝtheѝrehabilitationѝofѝtheѝ offender,ѝwhoѝcontinuesѝtoѝliveѝaѝnormalѝlifeѝinѝtheѝcommunityѝwhileѝ subjectѝ toѝ theѝ supervisionѝ ofѝ aѝ probationѝ officer.ѝ Probationѝ mayѝ lastѝ fromѝsixѝmonthsѝtoѝthreeѝyears.ѝBeforeѝplacingѝanѝoffenderѝonѝprobation,ѝtheѝcourtѝmustѝexplainѝtheѝrequirementsѝofѝtheѝorder.ѝTheѝoffenderѝ isѝtoѝunderstandѝthatѝaѝfailureѝtoѝcomplyѝwithѝthemѝwillѝmakeѝhimѝliableѝ toѝaѝpenaltyѝorѝtoѝbeѝdealtѝwithѝforѝtheѝoriginalѝoffence.ѝThereѝareѝadditionalѝrequirementsѝconcerningѝplaceѝofѝresidence,ѝattendanceѝatѝdayѝ centersѝorѝtreatmentѝforѝmentalѝillness.ѝTheѝprobationѝserviceѝinѝEnglandѝandѝWalesѝalsoѝadministersѝsupervisionѝorders,ѝtheѝcommunityѝserviceѝschemeѝandѝparole.ѝ

Offendersѝagedѝ16ѝorѝoverѝ(17ѝinѝNorthernѝIreland)ѝconvictedѝofѝimprisonableѝoffencesѝmayѝbeѝgivenѝcommunityѝserviceѝorders.ѝTheѝcourtѝ mayѝ orderѝ betweenѝ 40ѝ andѝ 240ѝ hours’ѝ unpaidѝ service.ѝ Inѝ England,ѝ WalesѝandѝNorthernѝIrelandѝaѝcourtѝisѝfreeѝtoѝpassѝaѝsuspendedѝsentenceѝ ofѝnotѝmoreѝthanѝtwoѝyears.ѝѝ

Theѝmostѝcommonѝsentenceѝisѝaѝfine,ѝwhichѝisѝimposedѝinѝmoreѝthanѝ80ѝ perѝcentѝofѝcases.ѝFixedѝpenaltyѝfinesѝareѝimposedѝforѝparkingѝoffences,ѝ etc.ѝAnѝoffenderѝmayѝbeѝliableѝtoѝpayѝaѝcompensation,ѝorѝworkѝforѝtheѝ victim.ѝ

InѝEnglandѝthereѝareѝnoѝminimumѝsentences,ѝexceptѝforѝmurder,ѝwhichѝ carriesѝaѝpenaltyѝofѝlifeѝimprisonment.ѝThereѝareѝmaximumѝsentencesѝ forѝotherѝcrimes.ѝSentencesѝcanѝbeѝreducedѝforѝgoodѝbehaviour,ѝoftenѝbyѝ one-thirdѝorѝmore.ѝ«Lifeѝsentences»»ѝareѝrarelyѝmoreѝthanѝ14ѝyears,ѝandѝ itѝwouldѝbeѝpossibleѝtoѝreleaseѝprisonersѝafterѝ7ѝyears.ѝ

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Exercise 2 Match these words with their synonyms.

1.ѝincarcerationѝ	a)ѝcommunityѝsupervisionѝ
2.ѝpenaltyѝ	b)ѝcapitalѝpunishmentѝ
3.ѝrestitutionѝ	c)ѝimprisonment,ѝcustodyѝ
4.ѝprobationѝ	d)ѝcompensationѝ
5.ѝdeathѝsentenceѝ	e)ѝpunishmentѝѝ

Exercise 3 Match these words to make word combinations as they occur in the text.

1.ѝaѝsanctionѝ	a)ѝsentenceѝ
2.ѝtheѝgravityѝ	b)ѝofѝlastѝresortѝ
3.ѝmandatoryѝ	c)ѝpenaltyѝ
4.ѝdeathѝ	d)ѝofѝoffendersѝ
5.ѝrehabilitationѝ	e)ѝtheѝrequirementsѝ
6.ѝtoѝplaceѝonѝ	f)ѝfineѝ
7.ѝtoѝcomplyѝwithѝ	g)ѝprobationѝ
8.ѝfixedѝpenaltyѝ	h)ѝserviceѝ
9.ѝcommunityѝ	i)ѝofѝtheѝoffenceѝ

Exercise 4 Insert appropriate prepositions.

1.Theѝgravityѝ____ѝtheѝoffenceѝisѝaѝpositiveѝjustificationѝ___ѝaѝcustodialѝ sentence.ѝ

2.Thereѝisѝaѝmandatoryѝsentenceѝ___ѝlifeѝimprisonmentѝ____ѝmurderѝ

___ѝBritain.ѝ

3.Aѝfailureѝtoѝcomplyѝ___ѝtheѝprobationѝrequirementsѝmakesѝhimѝliableѝ

___ѝaѝpenalty.ѝ

4.Sentencesѝcanѝbeѝreducedѝ___ѝgoodѝbehaviour,ѝoftenѝ___ѝone-thirdѝ orѝmore.ѝ

5.Fixedѝpenaltyѝfinesѝareѝimposedѝ___ѝparkingѝoffences,ѝetc.ѝѝ

6.Theѝcourtѝmayѝorderѝ___ѝ40ѝandѝ240ѝhours»ѝunpaidѝservice.ѝѝ

Exercise 5 Study the basic types of punishment. What do these penalties involve?

1.ѝcapitalѝpunishmentѝ 7.ѝcustodyѝinѝspecialѝcentersѝforѝyoungѝadultsѝ 2.ѝlifeѝimprisonmentѝ 8.ѝdisciplinaryѝtrainingѝinѝaѝdetentionѝcentreѝ

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