Grammar: Modal verbs

Модальныеѝ глаголыѝ выражаютѝ отношениеѝ говорящегоѝ кѝ действию,ѝсамоѝдействиеѝвыражаетсяѝпоследующимѝинфинитивом.ѝ

ѝ

canѝѝ		мочь,ѝуметьѝѝ	Heѝcanѝdoѝthisѝjobѝhimself.ѝ
ѝ		ѝ	Онѝможетѝсделатьѝэтуѝрабо-
			ту.(онѝумеет/знает/вѝсостоянии)ѝ
mayѝѝ		мочь,ѝиметьѝраз-	Heѝmayѝgoѝtoѝtheѝinternationalѝcon-
			ferenceѝnextѝmonth.ѝ
		решение;ѝиметьѝ
			Можетѝбыть,ѝонѝпоедетѝнаѝмеж-
		вероятностьѝѝ
			дународнуюѝконференциюѝвѝ
			следующемѝмесяце.ѝ
			ѝ
			MayѝIѝtakeѝyourѝmobile?ѝ—ѝѝ
			Можноѝмнеѝвзятьѝтвойѝмобиль-
			ныйѝтелефон.ѝ
mustѝѝ		должен,ѝобязан;ѝѝ	Iѝmustѝinterrogateѝhimѝnow.ѝ
			Яѝдолженѝдопроситьѝегоѝсейчас.ѝ
ѝ		должноѝбыть.ѝ	Theyѝ mustѝ knowѝ theѝ victimѝ ofѝ theѝ
			crimeѝveryѝwell.ѝ
			Должноѝ быть,ѝ ониѝ оченьѝ хоро-
			шоѝзнаютѝжертвуѝпреступления.ѝ
shouldѝ		должен,ѝследует,ѝ	Heѝshouldѝbeѝmoreѝconfidentѝduringѝtheѝ
(oughtѝto)ѝ		рекомендуетсяѝѝ	interrogation.ѝ
			Емуѝследуетѝбытьѝболееѝуверен-
			нымѝвоѝвремяѝдопроса.ѝ
toѝbeѝ(to…)ѝ долженѝ(согласноѝ			Whenѝisѝtheѝconferenceѝtoѝstart?ѝ
		плану,ѝграфикуѝиѝ	Когдаѝдолжнаѝначатьсяѝконфе-
		т.д.)ѝѝ
			ренция?ѝѝ
toѝ	haveѝ	долженѝ(вынуж-	Iѝhaveѝtoѝinterrogateѝmanyѝunpleas-
(to…)ѝ		ден,ѝприходится)ѝѝ	antѝpeople.ѝ

Мнеѝприходитсяѝдопрашиватьѝ многоѝнеприятныхѝлюдей.ѝ

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Exercise 1 Translate these sentences into Russian.

1.PoliceѝmayѝfaceѝgreatѝchallengesѝduringѝtheѝOlympicѝGames.ѝ

2.Policeѝmustѝkeepѝpublicѝorder.ѝ

3.HowѝcanѝIѝhelpѝyou?ѝ

4.Couldѝyouѝtellѝmeѝtheѝwayѝtoѝtheѝstadium?ѝ

5.YouѝshouldѝcallѝtheѝEmbassy.ѝ

6.TheѝCeremonyѝisѝtoѝstartѝatѝ7pm.ѝѝ

7.Foreignersѝhaveѝtoѝobeyѝourѝrules.ѝ

Exercise 2 Translate these sentences into English.

1.Онаѝдолжнаѝокончитьѝуниверситетѝвѝследующемѝгоду.ѝ

2.Чтобыѝбытьѝздоровым,ѝследуетѝзаниматьсяѝспортом.ѝ

3.Я,ѝнаверное,ѝнеѝсмогуѝприехатьѝвовремя.ѝ

4.Можетѝбыть,ѝонѝсейчасѝдома,ѝпозвониѝему.ѝ

5.Онѝдолженѝбытьѝсейчасѝвѝуниверситете,ѝзанятияѝещеѝнеѝзакончились.ѝ

6.Вамѝследуетѝпоговоритьѝсоѝсвоимѝадвокатом.ѝ

7.Яѝдолженѝдопроситьѝобоихѝсвидетелей.ѝ

8.Онаѝумеетѝписатьѝпо-немецки?ѝ

9.Можноѝпосмотретьѝнаѝэтотѝдокумент?ѝ

10.Емуѝпришлосьѝработатьѝдвеѝнеделиѝбезѝвыходных.ѝ

Reading

Exercise 1 Read this dialogue.

Asking the way (to go by underground)

Visitor:ѝѝ Excuseѝ me,ѝ please.ѝ Canѝ youѝ tellѝ meѝ howѝ toѝ getѝ toѝ BuckinghamѝPalace?ѝ

Policeman:ѝѝ Well,ѝBakerѝStreetѝstationѝisѝjustѝacrossѝtheѝroad,ѝandѝ BuckinghamѝPalaceѝisѝnearѝSt.ѝJames'sѝParkѝstation.ѝ

Visitor:ѝѝ Thankѝyouѝveryѝmuch.ѝ

Policeman:ѝѝ Ifѝyouѝhaveѝanyѝdoubt,ѝconsultѝtheѝundergroundѝmap.ѝ Thereѝisѝoneѝonѝtheѝwallѝatѝeveryѝstation,ѝusuallyѝnearѝ theѝticketѝbox.ѝ

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Visitor:ѝѝ	Thankѝyouѝveryѝmuch.ѝMayѝIѝaskѝyouѝanotherѝques-
	tion?ѝ
Policeman:ѝѝ Why,ѝcertainly.ѝ
Visitor:ѝѝ	HowѝmuchѝcanѝitѝtakeѝmeѝtoѝgetѝtoѝSt.ѝJames'sѝParkѝ
	station?ѝ
Policeman:ѝѝ Aboutѝtwentyѝminutes.ѝ
Visitor:ѝѝ	Thankѝyou.ѝYouѝareѝveryѝhelpful.ѝ

Exercise 2 Answer these questions.

1.Whoѝdoѝyouѝthinkѝtheѝvisitorѝis?ѝ

2.WhatѝfamousѝEnglishѝdetectiveѝisѝBakerѝStreetѝassociatedѝwith?ѝ

3.WhyѝdoѝyouѝthinkѝtheѝvisitorѝwantedѝtoѝseeѝBuckinghamѝPalace?ѝ

4.WhereѝcouldѝheѝseeѝundergroundѝmapsѝofѝLondon?ѝ

Exercise 3 Study this pattern and translate the sentences into English.

Itѝwillѝtakeѝyouѝ20ѝminutesѝtoѝgetѝtoѝtheѝcityѝcenterѝ—ѝУѝвасѝуйдетѝ20ѝми-

нут,ѝчтобыѝдобратьсяѝдоѝцентраѝгорода..ѝ

1.Уѝвасѝуйдетѝпримерноѝполчаса,ѝчтобыѝдобратьсяѝдоѝцентра.ѝ

2.Уѝвасѝуйдетѝсорокѝминут,ѝчтобыѝдобратьсяѝдоѝуниверситетаѝнаѝ автобусе.ѝ

3.Уѝвасѝуйдетѝмаксимумѝчас,ѝчтобыѝдобратьсяѝдоѝвокзалаѝнаѝтроллейбусе.ѝ

4.Уѝвасѝуйдетѝнеѝболееѝ10ѝминут,ѝчтобыѝдобратьсяѝдоѝметроѝнаѝ такси.ѝ

5.Уѝвасѝуйдетѝ15ѝминут,ѝчтобыѝдойтиѝдоѝмузеяѝотѝметро.ѝ

Exercise 4 Complete and act out the dialogue between a foreigner and a militia officer.

—ѝExcuseѝme,ѝplease.ѝCanѝyou……….ѝ

—ѝWell,ѝOkhotnyѝRjadѝis……ѝandѝKropotkinskajaѝ……ѝ

—ѝIsѝtheѝline………fromѝKonkovo?ѝ

—ѝNo,ѝ…..…ѝChistieѝPrudy.ѝThenѝchange…ѝTurgenevskajaѝ….ѝ

—ѝThank…ѝ

—ѝIf…ѝtheѝundergroundѝmapѝandѝinformationѝboards.ѝThereѝisѝone….ѝ

—ѝThanks.......ѝMayѝI……ѝ

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—ѝWhy…..…?ѝ

—ѝHowѝmuch……..?ѝ —…….ѝ —…..…ѝhelpful.ѝ

Exercise 5 Read this dialogue.

Asking the way (to go by bus)

Visitor:ѝѝ Excuseѝ me.ѝ Canѝ youѝ tellѝ meѝ whereѝ toѝ getѝ aѝ busѝ toѝ Greenwich,ѝplease?ѝ

Policeman:ѝѝ Certainly!ѝFirst,ѝcrossѝtheѝroad.ѝCanѝyouѝseeѝtheѝcinemaѝonѝtheѝoppositeѝsideѝoverѝthere?ѝTheѝbusѝstopѝisѝ nextѝtoѝitѝ

Visitor:ѝѝ Doѝyouѝknowѝtheѝnumberѝofѝtheѝbus?ѝ

Policeman:ѝ ѝIѝthinkѝit'sѝthirty-nine.ѝDon'tѝforgetѝtoѝaskѝtheѝdriverѝtoѝ tellѝyouѝwhereѝtoѝgetѝoff.ѝ

Visitor:ѝѝ

Policeman:ѝѝ

Vocabulary

Greenwichѝ

fareѝ convenientѝ onѝtheѝwayѝtoѝ

Excuseѝme,ѝdoѝyouѝknowѝtheѝfare?ѝIѝhaveѝgotѝonlyѝtenѝ poundsѝbanknotes.ѝ

Theѝfareѝisѝaboutѝaѝpound.ѝTheѝdriverѝwillѝgiveѝyouѝtheѝ change,ѝ ifѝ youѝ haveѝ noѝ smallerѝ notes.ѝ Itѝ isѝ notѝ veryѝ convenient,ѝ soѝ you'dѝ betterѝ changeѝ yourѝ notes.ѝ Theѝ bankѝisѝoverѝthere.ѝ

Гринвичѝ (пригородѝ Лондонаѝ наѝ берегуѝ Темзы,ѝ гдеѝ проходитѝГринвичскийѝмеридианѝиѝнаходятсяѝмузейѝ обсерватории,ѝморскойѝмузей)ѝ

платаѝзаѝпроездѝнаѝтранспортеѝ

удобныйѝ поѝдорогеѝк…/в…/на...ѝ

Exercise 6 Say whether these statements below are true or false.

1.ѝTheѝvisitorѝwantsѝtoѝgetѝtoѝGreenwichѝbyѝtram.ѝ 2.ѝTheѝbusѝstopѝisѝnextѝtoѝtheѝbank.ѝ 3.ѝTheѝfareѝisѝaboutѝaѝpound.ѝ 4.ѝBusѝnumberѝ36ѝgoesѝtoѝGreenwich.ѝ

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Exercise 7 Translate these sentences into English.

1.Скажите,ѝпожалуйста,ѝгдеѝостанавливаетсяѝавтобусѝдоѝГайдѝПарка?ѝ

2.Какойѝэтоѝномерѝавтобуса?ѝ

3.Сколькоѝстоитѝпроезд?ѝ

4.Выѝдолжныѝперейтиѝнаѝдругуюѝсторонуѝулицы.ѝ

5.Остановкаѝавтобусаѝсразуѝзаѝкинотеатром.ѝ

6.Попроситеѝводителяѝсказатьѝвам,ѝгдеѝвыходить.ѝ

Exercise 8 Study these patterns and translate the sentences into English.

Itѝisѝprohibitedѝtoѝlitterѝhereѝ/Noѝlitteringѝhereѝ

Itѝisѝnotѝallowedѝtoѝsmokeѝhereѝ/Noѝsmokingѝhereѝ

ѝ

1.ѝЗдесьѝнельзяѝпарковатьѝмашину..ѝ

2.ѝНельзяѝкуритьѝвѝметро.ѝ

3.ѝНаѝКраснойѝплощадиѝзапрещеноѝраспиватьѝспиртныеѝнапитки.ѝ

4.ѝВѝтеатреѝнельзяѝгромкоѝразговаривать.ѝ

5.ѝЗапрещеноѝпереходитьѝулицуѝвѝнеположенномѝместеѝ

6.ѝВѝэтомѝмузееѝзапрещаетсяѝфотографировать.ѝ

7.ѝВѝнашемѝкинотеатреѝзапрещаетсяѝпроизводитьѝвидеосъемку.ѝ

8.ѝКѝэтомуѝэкспонатуѝзапрещеноѝподходитьѝблизко.ѝ

Use your own ideas and make as many sentences as you can with the patterns above.

Exercise 9 Complete these sentences with the English translation of the word combinations in brackets.

1.Willѝyouѝshowѝmeѝ(вашеѝудостоверение)?ѝ

2.(Скажите,ѝпожалуйста,ѝкакѝдобраться)ѝtoѝtheѝstadium?ѝѝ

3.Theѝstadiumѝ(расположен)ѝnotѝfarѝfromѝmetroѝstationѝSportivnaya.ѝ

4.(Запрещено)ѝtoѝtakeѝpicturesѝhere.ѝ

5.Youѝwillѝbeѝrefusedѝentryѝifѝyouѝcomeѝtoѝtheѝstadiumѝ(вѝсостоянииѝ алкогольногоѝопьянения).ѝ

6.Penaltiesѝforѝ(наркотики)ѝareѝsevere.ѝ

7.Itѝisѝprohibitedѝtoѝ(распиватьѝспиртныеѝнапиткиѝнаѝстадионе).ѝ

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Exercise 10 When you are visiting a foreign country, do you know their rules and laws? Are you sure you know the laws of Russia? Give recommendations to a foreign tourist in Moscow during the World Football Cup.

Don't:ѝ

smokeѝandѝdrinkѝinѝtheѝRedѝSquare!ѝItsѝillegalѝandѝyouѝwillѝbeѝ arrested!ѝ

comeѝtoѝtheѝstadiumѝinѝaѝdrunkenѝstateѝ—ѝyouѝwillѝbeѝrefusedѝ entry!ѝ

doѝdrugsѝduringѝyourѝvisit!ѝPenaltiesѝareѝsevereѝandѝcanѝresultѝinѝ long-termѝjailѝsentences!ѝ

ѝ

Do:ѝѝ

makeѝaѝnoteѝofѝtheѝembassy'sѝphoneѝnumberѝandѝcarryѝitѝwithѝ youѝinѝcaseѝyouѝneedѝit.ѝ

ifѝyouѝareѝarrestedѝorѝdetained,ѝinsistѝonѝcontactingѝtheѝEmbassy!ѝ

ifѝyouѝareѝseriouslyѝillѝorѝinjuredѝ—ѝcontactѝtheѝEmbassy,ѝtheyѝ willѝhelpѝtoѝinformѝyourѝfamilyѝandѝtravelѝinsuranceѝcompany.ѝ

Can you add anything to the list?

Over to you

Read the situation. Then use the information to complete the chart. Write the name of each reporter and each country.

Fiveѝreportersѝ—ѝtwoѝwomenѝandѝthreeѝmenѝ—ѝarrivedѝforѝanѝinternationalѝcon- ferenceѝonѝSunday,ѝMondayѝandѝTuesday.ѝNoѝmoreѝthanѝfiveѝpeopleѝcameѝonѝ theѝsameѝday.ѝTheѝreportersѝcameѝfromѝfiveѝdifferentѝcountries.ѝ

Theѝwomen:ѝѝ Ms.ѝAndersѝandѝMs.ѝBensonѝ

Theѝmen:ѝ Mr.ѝJason,ѝMr.ѝMorganѝandѝMr.ѝSwissѝ

Theѝcountries:ѝ Austria,ѝCanada,ѝSpain,ѝSingaporeѝandѝtheѝUSA.ѝ

The order of arrivals:

1.Mr.ѝSwissѝarrivedѝlateѝatѝnight.ѝNoѝoneѝelseѝhadѝarrivedѝthatѝday.ѝ

2.Ms.ѝAndersѝandѝMr.ѝMorganѝarrivedѝonѝtheѝsameѝday.ѝ

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3.TheѝmanѝfromѝSingaporeѝhadѝarrivedѝtheѝdayѝbefore.ѝ

4.TheѝreportersѝfromѝSpainѝandѝAustriaѝarrivedѝonѝtheѝsameѝday.ѝ

5.Mr.ѝJasonѝandѝtheѝwomanѝfromѝSpainѝarrivedѝonѝTuesday,ѝafterѝMr.ѝ Morgan.ѝ

6.TheѝreporterѝfromѝAustriaѝhadѝarrivedѝtheѝdayѝafterѝtheѝpersonѝfromѝtheѝ USA.ѝ

7.Mr.ѝMorganѝisѝfromѝNorthѝAmericaѝbutѝnotѝfromѝtheѝUnitedѝStates.ѝ

Reporters'ѝCountriesѝandѝArrivalѝDaysѝ

SundayѝName:ѝѝ_______________ѝ

Country:ѝѝ _______________ѝѝ

MondayѝName:ѝѝ _____________ѝѝ Country:ѝѝ ______________ѝѝ TuesdayѝName:ѝѝ______________ѝѝ Country:ѝ ѝ__________________ѝѝ

ѝ

Name:ѝ ___________________ѝ Country:ѝ ѝ_________________ѝ

Name:ѝѝ ___________________ѝ Country:ѝѝ _________________ѝ Name:ѝѝ ___________________ѝ Country:ѝѝ__________________ѝ

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Lesson 7

GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

«Man, his rights and freedoms shall be the supreme value. The recognition, observance and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms shall be an obligation of the state»

Constitution of the Russian Federationѝ

ѝ

Starting up

Study the following.

	governmentѝ	toѝgovernѝ
	1)ѝправительствоѝ	править,ѝуправлятьѝ
	toѝ dissolveѝ aѝ governmentѝ —	ѝ
	расформировыватьѝправительствоѝ	governorѝ
	toѝ headѝ aѝ governmentѝ —ѝ возглавлятьѝ
		1)ѝправитель,ѝтот,ѝктоѝуправляетѝѝ
	правительствоѝ	2)ѝгубернаторѝѝ
	2)ѝформаѝправленияѝѝ
		toѝ appointѝ smb.ѝ governorѝ —ѝ назна-
	stateѝ governmentѝ —ѝ системаѝ властиѝ
		читьѝкого-л.ѝгубернаторомѝtoѝѝ
	штатаѝѝ	electѝsmb.ѝgovernorѝ—ѝвыбратьѝкого-
	3)ѝруководство,ѝуправлениеѝѝ
		л.ѝгубернаторомѝ—ѝѝ
	localѝ governmentѝ —органыѝ местногоѝ	governorѝ generalѝ —ѝ генералѝ —ѝ гу-
	самоуправленияѝ	бернаторѝ

Exercise 1 Translate these examples into Russian.

1.Theѝsystemѝofѝgovernmentѝinѝwhichѝeveryoneѝinѝtheѝcountryѝcanѝvoteѝ toѝchooseѝtheѝgovernmentѝisѝcalledѝdemocracy.ѝ

2.Constitutionѝisѝaѝformalѝsetѝofѝrulesѝthatѝprovidesѝrightsѝforѝallѝcitizens,ѝandѝstopsѝgovernmentsѝfromѝusingѝpowerѝunfairly.ѝ

3.TheѝLabourѝPartyѝhasѝgovernedѝGreatѝBritainѝforѝmanyѝyearsѝnow.ѝ

4.Britishѝcoloniesѝwereѝruledѝbyѝgovernors.ѝ

5.Democraticѝgovernmentѝhasѝnowѝreplacedѝmilitaryѝrule.ѝ

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