7.ѝTheѝActѝofѝParliamentѝwillѝhaveѝbeenѝpublishedѝinѝStatuteѝformѝbyѝ theѝendѝofѝtheѝweek.ѝ
8.ѝOnѝthatѝdayѝtheѝnationѝwasѝelectingѝtheѝPresidentѝforѝaѝtermѝofѝsixѝyears.ѝ
Exercise 2 Translate these sentences into English.
1.ѝКонституцияѝРоссийскойѝФедерацииѝ1993ѝгодаѝустанавливаетѝ президентскуюѝформуѝправления.ѝ
2.ѝ Законодательнаяѝ властьѝ принадлежитѝ Федеральномуѝ Собранию.ѝ
3.ѝПрезидентѝбудетѝизбиратьсяѝнаѝшестилетнийѝсрок.ѝ
4.ѝ Кѝ установленномуѝ закономѝ срокуѝ Президентѝ назначилѝ главуѝ Правительства.ѝ
5.ѝОбсуждениеѝзаконопроектаѝпродолжаетсяѝужеѝ3ѝчаса.ѝ
6.ѝВероятно,ѝчтоѝэтотѝпроектѝзаконаѝнеѝбудетѝодобренѝдепутатамиѝ кѝзавтрашнемуѝдню.ѝ
7.ѝ Представителиѝ высшейѝ судебнойѝ властиѝ будутѝ рассматриватьѝ данноеѝделоѝвѝВерховномѝсудеѝ17ѝмаяѝсѝ10.00ѝдоѝ15.00.ѝ
8.ѝВѝнастоящееѝвремяѝзаконѝнаходитсяѝнаѝподписиѝуѝПрезидента.ѝ
Reading
Before you read, guess the meaning of these words.
judicial,ѝcourtѝofѝfirstѝinstance,ѝcaseѝofѝmajorѝimportance,ѝsitѝinѝpublic,ѝ higherѝcourt,ѝlowerѝcourt,ѝdistrictѝcourt,ѝregionalѝcourt,ѝcityѝcourt,ѝrightѝ toѝ defense,ѝ examine,ѝ appeal,ѝ protest,ѝ basis,ѝ criminal,ѝ civil,ѝ activity,ѝ public,ѝcollegium,ѝmilitary,ѝperiod,ѝmaterialѝ
Exercise 1 Read part 1 of the text. Find the definition of «court». Explain the difference between judicial appeal and judicial review.
Court system of the Russian Federation: part 1
Inѝallѝlegalѝsystemsѝthereѝareѝinstitutionsѝforѝcreating,ѝmodifying,ѝabolishingѝandѝapplyingѝtheѝlaw.ѝUsuallyѝtheseѝtakeѝtheѝformѝofѝcourts.ѝTheѝ courtѝisѝaѝstateѝbodyѝthatѝadministersѝjusticeѝonѝbehalfѝofѝtheѝstate.ѝ
Thereѝareѝcourtsѝofѝfirstѝinstanceѝ(originalѝjurisdiction)ѝandѝsecondѝinstanceѝ(appellateѝjurisdiction)ѝAѝcourtѝinѝwhichѝaѝcaseѝisѝfirstѝheardѝisѝ calledѝ theѝ courtѝ ofѝ firstѝ instance.ѝ Courtѝ ofѝ originalѝ jurisdictionѝ isѝ oneѝ
106
whichѝfirstѝexaminesѝaѝcaseѝinѝsubstanceѝandѝbringsѝinѝaѝsentenceѝorѝdecision.ѝAnyѝcourt,ѝfromѝtheѝdistrictѝcourtѝtoѝtheѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝtheѝstateѝ mayѝsitѝasѝaѝcourtѝofѝfirstѝinstance.ѝInѝalmostѝallѝcasesѝitѝisѝpossibleѝtoѝappealѝtoѝhigherѝcourtѝforѝreconsiderationѝofѝtheѝdecisionѝofѝtheѝoriginalѝ court.ѝAѝcourtѝofѝsecondѝinstanceѝisѝoneѝwhichѝexaminesѝappealsѝandѝprotestsѝagainstѝsentencesѝandѝdecisionsѝofѝcourtsѝofѝfirstѝinstance.ѝ
AccordingѝtoѝtheѝConstitutionѝofѝtheѝRussianѝFederation,ѝtheѝRussianѝjudiciaryѝhasѝjudicialѝappealѝandѝjudicialѝreviewѝatѝtheѝlevelѝofѝ theѝSupremeѝCourt.ѝConstitutionalѝCourt,ѝSupremeѝCourt,ѝandѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝArbitrationѝjudgesѝareѝappointedѝbyѝtheѝFederationѝ CouncilѝofѝRussiaѝonѝtheѝrecommendationѝofѝtheѝpresidentѝofѝRussia,ѝwhereasѝotherѝjudgesѝforѝallѝfederalѝcourtsѝareѝappointedѝsimplyѝ byѝtheѝpresident.ѝInѝorderѝtoѝbecomeѝaѝjudgeѝaѝpersonѝmustѝattainѝtheѝ ageѝofѝ35,ѝhaveѝlegalѝeducationѝandѝ10-yearsѝlengthѝofѝservice.ѝOnlyѝ nationalsѝofѝRussiaѝcanѝserveѝasѝjudges.ѝ
Vocabulary
toѝabolishѝdecisionsѝ |
отменитьѝрешенияѝ |
onѝbehalfѝofѝ |
отѝчьего-либоѝимениѝ |
originalѝjurisdictionѝ |
юрисдикцияѝсудаѝпервойѝинстанцииѝ |
toѝexaminesѝaѝcaseѝinѝsubstanceѝ рассмотретьѝделоѝпоѝсуществуѝ |
|
reconsiderationѝofѝtheѝdecisionѝ |
пересмотрѝделаѝ |
toѝbringѝinѝaѝsentence,ѝdecisionѝ |
выноситьѝприговор,ѝрешениеѝ |
reconsiderationѝ |
повторноеѝрассмотрениеѝ |
Exercise 2 Say whether these statements are true or false according to the information in the text above. Correct the wrong ones.
1.ѝCourtѝofѝoriginalѝjurisdictionѝisѝoneѝwhichѝfirstѝexaminesѝaѝcaseѝinѝsubstance.ѝ
2.ѝTheѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝtheѝstateѝmayѝnotѝsitѝasѝaѝcourtѝofѝfirstѝinstance.ѝ
3.ѝItѝisѝimpossibleѝtoѝappealѝtoѝhigherѝcourtѝforѝreconsiderationѝofѝtheѝ decisionѝofѝtheѝoriginalѝcourt.ѝ
4.ѝTheѝRussianѝjudiciaryѝhasѝjudicialѝappealѝandѝjudicialѝreviewѝatѝtheѝ levelѝofѝtheѝSupremeѝCourt.ѝ
5.ѝConstitutionalѝCourt,ѝSupremeѝCourt,ѝandѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝArbitrationѝjudgesѝareѝelectedѝbyѝpopularѝvote.ѝ
6.ѝInѝorderѝtoѝbecomeѝaѝjudgeѝaѝpersonѝmustѝattainѝtheѝageѝofѝ35.ѝ 7.ѝOnlyѝnationalsѝofѝRussiaѝcanѝserveѝasѝjudges.ѝ
107
Exercise 3 Insert appropriate prepositions.
1.ѝTheѝcourtѝisѝaѝstateѝbodyѝthatѝadministersѝjusticeѝ___ѝbehalfѝ___ѝtheѝstate.ѝ
2.ѝAѝcourtѝ___ѝwhichѝaѝcaseѝisѝfirstѝheardѝisѝcalledѝtheѝcourtѝ___ѝoriginalѝjurisdiction.ѝ
3.ѝAnyѝcourt,ѝ___ѝtheѝdistrictѝcourtѝ___ѝtheѝSupremeѝCourtѝ___ѝtheѝ stateѝmayѝsitѝ___ѝaѝcourtѝ___ѝfirstѝinstance.ѝ
4.ѝAѝcourtѝ___ѝsecondѝinstanceѝexaminesѝappealsѝandѝprotestsѝ___ѝsentencesѝandѝdecisionsѝ___ѝcourtsѝ___ѝfirstѝinstance.ѝ
5.ѝSupremeѝCourt,ѝConstitutionalѝCourt,ѝSupremeѝCourt,ѝandѝSupremeѝ Courtѝ ___ѝ Arbitrationѝ judgesѝ areѝ appointedѝ ___ѝ theѝ Federationѝ Councilѝ___ѝRussiaѝ___ѝtheѝrecommendationѝ___ѝtheѝPresident.ѝ
6.ѝ___ѝorderѝtoѝbecomeѝaѝjudgeѝaѝpersonѝmustѝattainѝtheѝageѝ___ѝ35,ѝ haveѝlegalѝeducationѝandѝ10-yearsѝlengthѝ___ѝservice.ѝ
Exercise 4 Read part 2 of the text. Explain what «constitutional supervision» means.
Court system of the Russian Federation: part 2
ConstitutionalѝCourtѝofѝRussianѝFederationѝisѝaѝhighѝcourtѝwhichѝisѝ empoweredѝtoѝruleѝonѝwhetherѝorѝnotѝcertainѝlawsѝorѝpresidentialѝ decreesѝareѝinѝfactѝcontraryѝtoѝtheѝConstitutionѝofѝRussia.ѝItsѝobjectiveѝisѝonlyѝtoѝprotectѝtheѝConstitutionѝ(inѝRussianѝconstitutionalѝlawѝ thisѝfunctionѝisѝknownѝasѝ«constitutionalѝcontrol»ѝorѝ«constitutionalѝ supervision»)ѝandѝdealѝwithѝaѝfewѝkindѝofѝdisputesѝwhereѝitѝhasѝoriginalѝjurisdiction.ѝ
TheѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝtheѝRussianѝFederationѝisѝtheѝcourtѝofѝlastѝ resortѝinѝRussianѝadministrativeѝlaw,ѝcivilѝlawѝandѝcriminalѝlawѝcases.ѝ Itѝalsoѝsupervisesѝtheѝworkѝofѝlowerѝcourts.ѝTheѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝ theѝ Russianѝ Federationѝ hasѝ originalѝ jurisdictionѝ inѝ certainѝ cases.ѝ Thoseѝinclude:ѝchallengingѝofѝindividualѝactsѝofѝtheѝFederalѝAssemblyѝandѝdecreesѝofѝtheѝPresidentѝofѝRussiaѝandѝtheѝGovernmentѝofѝ Russia;ѝ terminationѝ ofѝ politicalѝ parties;ѝ challengingѝ ofѝ actionsѝ ofѝ CentralѝElectoralѝCommissionѝofѝRussia.ѝTheѝSupremeѝCourtѝmayѝ alsoѝhearѝcriminalѝcasesѝagainstѝmembersѝofѝtheѝFederationѝCouncilѝ ofѝRussiaѝandѝtheѝStateѝDumaѝandѝfederalѝjudgesѝatѝtheirѝdiscretion.ѝѝ
TheѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝArbitrationѝofѝtheѝRussianѝFederationѝisѝtheѝ courtѝofѝfinalѝinstanceѝinѝcommercialѝdisputesѝinѝRussia.ѝTheѝbasicѝ judicialѝbodyѝisѝdistrictѝcourt.ѝItѝtriesѝbothѝcriminalѝandѝcivilѝcases.ѝItѝ
108
isѝalsoѝtheѝdutyѝofѝtheѝdistrictѝcourtsѝtoѝprotectѝtheѝelectoralѝrightsѝofѝ citizens.ѝ Theѝ higherѝ courtsѝ ofѝ constituentѝ entitiesѝ ofѝ theѝ Russianѝ Federationѝhearѝandѝdetermineѝtheѝcasesѝofѝmajorѝimportance.ѝTheyѝ areѝcourtsѝofѝappellateѝjurisdiction.ѝ
Vocabulary
atѝdiscretionѝѝ поѝусмотрениюѝ
constituentѝentityѝѝ составнаяѝчастьѝсамостоятельногоѝобразованияѝ disputesѝѝ разрешатьѝспорыѝ
electoralѝrightѝѝ избирательноеѝправоѝ toѝdetermineѝtheѝcaseѝѝ решатьѝделоѝ appellateѝjurisdictionѝѝ апелляционнаяѝюрисдикцияѝ
Exercise 5 Translate these word combinations with the noun group into Russian.
судѝ оригинальнойѝ юрисдикции;ѝ пересмотрѝ делаѝ судомѝ высшейѝ инстанции;ѝсудебныйѝнадзор,ѝосуществляемыйѝВерховнымѝсудом;ѝ судьяѝВысшегоѝАрбитражногоѝсуда;ѝкандидатѝсѝдесятилетнимѝстажем;ѝ двадцатистраничныйѝ указѝПрезидента;ѝ приговорѝсудаѝ низшейѝинстанции;ѝдействияѝЦентральнойѝизбирательнойѝкомиссии;ѝ делоѝособойѝважности;ѝзащитаѝизбирательныхѝправѝгражданѝ
Exercise 6 Answer and debate the following questions.
1.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝroleѝofѝeachѝcourt?ѝ 2.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝfunctionѝofѝaѝcourtѝofѝfirstѝinstance?ѝ 3.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝbasicѝjudicialѝbodyѝofѝstate?ѝ 4.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝfunctionѝofѝaѝcourtѝofѝsecondѝinstance?ѝ 5.ѝWhatѝcasesѝdoesѝaѝdistrictѝcourtѝconsider?ѝ 6.ѝWhatѝareѝtheѝfunctionsѝofѝtheѝSupremeѝCourt?ѝ 7.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝstatusѝofѝjudges?ѝѝ 8.ѝAreѝjudgesѝappointedѝorѝelected?ѝѝ 9.ѝWhatѝtermѝareѝtheѝjudgesѝappointedѝfor?ѝ
109
Exercise 7 Fill in the gaps with the word combinations from the box.
districtѝcourtѝ |
inѝsubstanceѝѝ |
terminationѝ |
sentenceѝ |
forѝreconsiderationѝ |
abolishingѝ |
applyingѝ |
ensuresѝ |
challengingѝ |
finalѝinstanceѝ |
appellateѝjurisdictionѝ |
|
aѝcourtѝofѝoriginalѝjurisdictionѝ
1.ѝThereѝareѝinstitutionsѝforѝcreating,ѝmodifying,ѝ______ѝandѝ________ѝtheѝ law.ѝ
2.ѝ Courtѝ ofѝ originalѝ jurisdictionѝ isѝ oneѝ whichѝ firstѝ examinesѝ aѝ caseѝ
_________ѝandѝbringsѝinѝaѝ___________ѝorѝdecision.ѝѝ
3.ѝ______ѝisѝone,ѝwhichѝfirstѝexaminesѝaѝcaseѝinѝsubstanceѝandѝbringsѝinѝaѝsentence.ѝ
4.ѝInѝalmostѝallѝcasesѝitѝisѝpossibleѝtoѝappealѝtoѝhigherѝcourtѝ______________.ѝ
5.ѝTheѝConstitutionalѝCourtѝ__________ѝthatѝtheѝlawsѝandѝotherѝnormativeѝ actsѝ passedѝ orѝ beingѝ consideredѝ byѝ theѝ supremeѝ andѝ localѝ legislativeѝ branchesѝareѝconstitutional.ѝ
6.ѝTheѝbasicѝjudicialѝbodyѝisѝ__________________.ѝ
7.ѝTheѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝtheѝRussianѝFederationѝhasѝoriginalѝjurisdictionѝinѝ casesѝof_____________ofѝindividualѝactsѝofѝtheѝFederalѝAssemblyѝandѝ decreesѝofѝtheѝPresidentѝofѝRussia;ѝ____________ofѝpoliticalѝparties.ѝ
8.ѝTheѝSupremeѝCourtѝofѝArbitrationѝofѝtheѝRussianѝFederationѝisѝtheѝ courtѝofѝ____________ѝinѝcommercialѝdisputes.ѝ
9.ѝTheѝhigherѝcourtsѝofѝconstituentѝentitiesѝofѝtheѝRussianѝFederationѝ hearѝtheѝcasesѝofѝmajorѝimportance.ѝTheyѝareѝcourtsѝof___________.ѝ
Exercise 8 Translate these texts into English.
1)ѝКонституционныйѝСудѝРФѝ—ѝсудебныйѝорганѝконституцион- ногоѝ контроля,ѝ независимоѝ осуществляющийѝ судебнуюѝ властьѝ посредствомѝконституционногоѝсудопроизводства.ѝСудѝсостоитѝизѝ девятнадцатиѝсудей,ѝназначаемыхѝнаѝдолжностьѝСоветомѝФедерацииѝ поѝпредставлениюѝПрезидентаѝРФ.ѝПолномочияѝКонституционногоѝСудаѝнеѝограниченыѝопределеннымѝсрокомѝ
2)ѝ Верховныйѝ Судѝ РФѝ являетсяѝ высшимѝ судебнымѝ органомѝ поѝ гражданским,ѝуголовным,ѝадминистративнымѝделам,ѝподсуднымѝ судамѝобщейѝюрисдикции.ѝСудѝосуществляетѝсудебныйѝнадзорѝзаѝ деятельностьюѝ судовѝ общейѝ юрисдикции.ѝ Верховныйѝ Судѝ Российскойѝ Федерацииѝ рассматриваетѝ делаѝ вѝ качествеѝ судаѝ второйѝ инстанции,ѝвѝпорядкеѝнадзораѝиѝпоѝвновьѝоткрывшимсяѝобстоятельствам,ѝаѝтакжеѝиѝвѝкачествеѝсудаѝпервойѝинстанции.ѝВерхов-
110