5.___ѝusingѝprisonѝasѝanѝanswerѝ___ѝallѝoffencesѝcommittedѝ___ѝsuchѝ individuals,ѝtheѝissueѝ___ѝsafetyѝ___ѝtheѝcommunityѝisѝnotѝaddressedѝ

___ѝanyѝsustainableѝmannerѝ

6.Thereѝ areѝ manyѝ healthѝ risksѝ associatedѝ ___ѝ overcrowdedѝ prisons,ѝ includingѝtheѝspreadѝ___ѝinfectiousѝdiseaseѝ

7.Violenceѝisѝaѝcommonѝelementѝ___ѝprisonѝlifeѝ

Exercise 4 Complete these sentences. Use appropriate words from the text above.

1.Imprisonmentѝhasѝseveralѝobjectives:ѝ______________.ѝ

2.Prisonsѝnotѝonlyѝrarelyѝrehabilitate,ѝbutѝtheyѝtendѝtoѝ________.ѝ

3._______ѝareѝrealitiesѝthatѝareѝlikelyѝtoѝbeѝfoundѝinѝmostѝoffenders’ѝlives.ѝ

4.Theѝmajorityѝofѝprisonѝpopulationѝisѝ______________.ѝ

5.Usingѝprisonѝasѝanѝanswerѝtoѝallѝoffencesѝcanѝresultѝinѝ___________.ѝ

6.Thereѝareѝalsoѝmanyѝhealthѝrisksѝassociatedѝwithѝovercrowdedѝprisons,ѝincludingѝ__________.ѝ

Exercise 5 Answer and debate these questions.

1.Whatѝ areѝ theѝ objectivesѝ ofѝ iimprisonment?ѝ Areѝ theyѝ alwaysѝ met?ѝ Why,ѝorѝwhyѝnot?ѝѝ

2.Whyѝdoѝprisonsѝtendѝtoѝfurtherѝcriminalizeѝindividuals,ѝleadingѝtoѝreoffending?ѝ

3.Whatѝ backgroundsѝ doѝ theѝ majorityѝ ofѝ prisonersѝ worldwideѝ comeѝ from?ѝWhatѝwasѝtheirѝlifeѝlike?ѝ

4.Whatѝdoѝimprisonmentѝresultѝin?ѝ

5.Areѝtheѝconditionsѝforѝprisonersѝgoodѝenough?ѝ

6.Whatѝareѝhealthѝrisksѝassociatedѝwithѝovercrowdedѝprisons?ѝ

7.Whatѝ measuresѝ shouldѝ beѝ taken,ѝ inѝ yourѝ opinion,ѝ toѝ improveѝ theѝ situation?ѝ

Grammar: The verbs to insist, to suggest

Послеѝглаголовѝtoѝinsistѝ(настаивать),ѝtoѝsuggestѝ(предлагать),ѝtoѝdemandѝ (требовать),ѝ toѝ recommendѝ (рекомендовать),ѝ toѝ orderѝ (при-

казывать)ѝупотребляетсяѝконструкция:ѝ

thatѝsmbѝ(should)ѝdoѝsmthѝ thatѝsmb/smthѝ(should)ѝbeѝdoneѝ

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Даннаяѝконструкцияѝупотребляетсяѝтакжеѝвѝмоделиѝ

Itѝisѝimportantѝthatѝsmbѝ(should)ѝdoѝsmthѝ

Heѝinsistedѝthatѝweѝshouldѝspeakѝtoѝ	Онѝ настоялѝ наѝ том,ѝ чтобыѝ мыѝ
theѝcolonel.ѝѝ	поговорилиѝсѝполковником.ѝ
Heѝinsistedѝthatѝtheѝcolonelѝshouldѝ	Онѝнастоялѝнаѝтом,ѝчтобыѝпого-
beѝspokenѝto.ѝѝ	воритьѝсѝполковником.ѝ
Heѝsuggestedѝthatѝweѝspeakѝtoѝtheѝ	Онѝпредложил,ѝчтобыѝмыѝпого-
lieutenant.ѝѝ	ворилиѝсѝлейтенантом.ѝ
Heѝsuggestedѝthatѝtheѝproblemѝ	Онаѝ предложилаѝ обсудитьѝ этуѝ
shouldѝbeѝdiscussedѝlater.ѝѝ	проблемуѝпозже.ѝ
Itѝisѝimportantѝthatѝweѝshouldѝ	Важно,ѝчтобыѝмыѝпоговорилиѝсѝѝ
speakѝtoѝtheѝcolonel.ѝ
	полковником.ѝ

Exercise 1 Translate these sentences into Russian.

1.Theyѝinsistѝthatѝproblemsѝinѝprisonsѝshouldѝbeѝpubliclyѝrecognized.ѝ

2.Theѝjudgeѝsuggestedѝthatѝtheѝdefendantѝbeѝreleasedѝforѝlackѝofѝprobableѝ cause.ѝ

3.Theѝheadѝofѝtheѝdepartmentѝorderedѝthatѝtheѝtargetѝshouldѝbeѝclearlyѝ defined.ѝ

4.Theѝprobationѝofficerѝrecommendedѝthatѝheѝshouldѝbeѝgrantedѝparole.ѝ

5.Theyѝsuggestѝthatѝtheѝdiscussionѝshouldѝbeѝprolongedѝtomorrow.ѝasѝ soonѝasѝpossible.ѝ

6.Theѝcitizensѝinsistedѝthatѝitѝshouldѝbeѝtheѝissueѝofѝsafetyѝinѝtheѝcommunity.ѝ

7.Whyѝdoѝtheyѝsuggestѝthatѝweѝshouldѝmakeѝsomeѝchanges?ѝ

8.Theѝ witnessѝ insistedѝ thatѝ theyѝ shouldѝ informѝ theѝ policeѝ aboutѝ theѝ robberyѝtheyѝhadѝseen.ѝ

9.Itѝisѝrequiredѝthatѝbailѝshouldn'tѝbeѝexcessive.ѝ

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Exercise 2 Make sentences using the pattern.

Itѝisѝ	necessaryѝ	thatѝ	aѝjudgeѝ	(should)ѝ	findѝ theѝ verdictѝ ofѝ
					guiltyѝ
ѝ	crucialѝ	ѝ	juryѝ	ѝ	placeѝ himѝ onѝ proba-
					tionѝ
ѝ	desirableѝ	ѝ	probationѝ	ѝ	suspendѝtheѝsentenceѝ
			officerѝѝ
ѝ	urgentѝ	ѝ	magistrateѝ	ѝ	superviseѝtheѝoffenderѝ
ѝ	naturalѝ	ѝ	ѝ	ѝ	convictѝtheѝdefendantѝ
ѝ	reasonableѝ	ѝ	ѝ	ѝ	releaseѝhimѝonѝbailѝ
ѝ	importantѝ	ѝ	ѝ	ѝ	decideѝonѝaѝpenaltyѝ

Exercise 3 Translate these sentences into Russian.

1.Itѝisѝnecessaryѝthatѝtheѝwitnessѝshouldѝtellѝtheѝtruth.ѝ

2.Itѝisѝdesirableѝthatѝtheѝpoliceѝshouldѝbeѝableѝtoѝapprehendѝsuspectsѝasѝ soonѝasѝpossible.ѝ

3.Itѝisѝimportantѝthatѝtheѝstudentsѝshouldѝbeѝtaughtѝtheѝdifferenceѝbetweenѝfeloniesѝandѝmisdemeanors.ѝ

4.Itѝisѝreasonableѝthatѝthisѝdangerousѝcriminalѝshouldѝbeѝsentencedѝforѝlife.ѝ

5.Itѝisѝnecessaryѝthatѝjusticeѝshouldѝbeѝadministeredѝequally.ѝ

6.Itѝisѝcrucialѝthatѝtheѝlawyerѝshouldѝbeѝfullyѝinformedѝofѝallѝtheѝdetailsѝ ofѝtheѝcase.ѝ

Exercise 4 Translate these sentences into English.

1.Законодателиѝ предложилиѝвнестиѝнекоторыеѝизмененияѝвѝзаконѝобѝотменеѝсмертнойѝказни.ѝ

2.Адвокатѝтребовалѝболееѝмягкогоѝнаказанияѝдляѝсвоегоѝподзащитного.ѝ

3.Правозащитникиѝ настаивают,ѝ чтобыѝ сѝ заключеннымиѝ обращалисьѝкорректноѝиѝуважительно.ѝ

4.Прокурорѝпотребовал,ѝчтобыѝжурналистыѝпокинулиѝзалѝдоѝначалаѝ судебногоѝзаседания.ѝ

5.Начальникѝколонииѝприказал,ѝчтобыѝбунтѝзаключенныхѝбылѝнемедленноѝподавлен.ѝ

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6.Желательно,ѝчтобыѝисправительнаяѝсистемаѝболееѝуспешноѝосуществлялаѝреабилитациюѝосужденных.ѝ

7.Необходимо,ѝчтобыѝзаключенныеѝзналиѝсвоиѝправа.ѝ

8.Оченьѝважно,ѝчтобыѝсудьи,ѝкоторыеѝвыносятѝприговор,ѝбылиѝдействительноѝкомпетентны.ѝ

Over to you

Discuss the following.

1.ѝ«Itѝisn'tѝtrueѝthatѝconvictsѝliveѝlikeѝanimals:ѝanimalsѝhaveѝmoreѝroomѝ toѝmoveѝaround.ѝ»ѝMarioѝVargasѝLlosaѝ(bѝ1936),ѝaѝLatinѝAmericanѝauthor.ѝ

Aѝconsiderableѝamountѝofѝoffendersѝareѝinmatesѝofѝovercrowdedѝprisonsѝ withѝhighѝcrimeѝrateѝinѝinhumanѝconditions.ѝ

2.ѝCorrectionalѝsystemѝfailsѝtoѝrehabilitateѝtheѝmajority.ѝ 3.ѝAllѝprisonersѝshouldѝbeѝtreatedѝwithѝrespectѝandѝwithoutѝhumiliation.ѝ

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions.

1.ѝDoѝyouѝknowѝanyѝotherѝtypesѝofѝpunishment,ѝwhichѝcanѝbeѝusedѝinsteadѝifѝimprisonment?ѝ

2.ѝWhatѝcrimesѝcanѝtheyѝbeѝappliedѝto?ѝ

Exercise 1 Translate these words into Russian.

toѝconsiderѝ—ѝconsiderationѝ—ѝconsiderableѝѝ custody—ѝnon-custodialѝ—ѝcustodialѝ—ѝcustodianѝ toѝadmonish—ѝadmonitionѝ—ѝadmonishmentѝ—ѝadmonitoryѝ toѝpenalizeѝ—ѝpenaltyѝ—ѝpenalѝ—ѝpenanceѝѝ toѝexpropriateѝ—ѝexpropriationѝ—ѝexpropriatorѝ toѝincarcerateѝ—ѝincarcerationѝѝ toѝsupervise—supervisionѝ—ѝsupervisorѝ

Exercise 2 United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules) were adopted by General Assembly resolution 45/110 of 14 December 1990. To read the full version refer to www.un.org

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