5.Thirdѝdegreeѝcrimeѝmayѝresultѝinѝѝ______________________.ѝ
6.Fourthѝdegreeѝcrimesѝcarryѝaѝpotentialѝpenaltyѝѝ ___________.ѝ
7.Thereѝisѝaѝpresumptionѝofѝnon-custodialѝsentencesѝonѝѝ______.ѝ
Exercise 4 Guess: What crimes are these?
1.Dishonestlyѝ appropriatingѝ propertyѝ belongingѝ toѝ anotherѝ withѝ theѝ intentionѝofѝpermanentlyѝdeprivingѝtheѝotherѝofѝit.ѝ
2.Enteringѝsomeone'sѝlandѝorѝhomeѝwithoutѝpermissionѝintendingѝtoѝ stealѝorѝcommitѝanѝactѝofѝviolence.ѝ
3.Usingѝforceѝorѝthreatsѝinѝorderѝtoѝstealѝfromѝsomeone.ѝ
4.Unlawfulѝkillingѝofѝaѝhumanѝbeing,ѝwithѝmaliceѝaforethought.ѝ
Exercise 5 Read the following newspaper article and translate it with the help of a dictionary.
DailyѝExpress,ѝSaturday,ѝMarchѝ13ѝ2004.ѝ
«I'll be free in weeks», says killer Bamber.
MassѝkillerѝJeremyѝBamberѝhopesѝtoѝbeeѝfreedѝinѝweeksѝafterѝclaimingѝ thatѝnewѝevidenceѝprovesѝheѝdidѝnotѝmurderѝhisѝfamily.ѝ
Bamber,ѝ 42,ѝ hasѝ maintainedѝ hisѝ innocenceѝ sinceѝ beingѝ convictedѝ inѝ 1986ѝofѝgunningѝdownѝfiveѝmembersѝofѝhisѝfamilyѝatѝtheirѝfarmhouseѝinѝ TollershuntѝD»Arcy,ѝEssex,ѝtoѝclaimѝ500,ѝ000ѝinheritance.ѝ Nowѝhisѝlawyer,ѝGiovannyѝdiѝStephano,ѝbelievesѝevidenceѝsubmittedѝtoѝ theѝ Criminalѝ Casesѝ Reviewѝ Commissionѝ revealsѝ theѝ realѝ killerѝ wasѝ someoneѝelse.ѝ
Recordsѝofѝradioѝconversationsѝbyѝpoliceѝcalledѝtoѝtheѝfarmѝallegedlyѝ confirmѝthatѝtheyѝwereѝtalkingѝtoѝanѝunidentifiedѝpersonѝinѝtheѝhouseѝ afterѝBamberѝhadѝleftѝtheѝbuilding.ѝOneѝstates:ѝ«Firearmsѝteamsѝareѝinѝ conversationѝwithѝaѝpersonѝinsideѝtheѝfarm.»ѝ Mr.ѝdiѝStefanoѝsaid:ѝ«TheѝprosecutionѝsaidѝJeremyѝcommittedѝtheѝkillingsѝpriorѝtoѝattendingѝtheѝfarmѝwithѝtheѝpolice.ѝButѝthisѝshowsѝanotherѝ personѝwasѝthereѝwhenѝpoliceѝarrived.ѝHeѝwillѝbeѝfreeѝwithinѝweeks.»ѝ Bamberѝlostѝanѝappealѝagainstѝhisѝconvictionѝinѝ2002.ѝAѝspokesmanѝforѝ Essexѝpoliceѝsaid:ѝ«Nothingѝnewѝhasѝbeenѝdisclosed.ѝAllѝthisѝinformationѝwasѝavailableѝforѝtheѝ2002ѝappeal.»ѝ
ѝ
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Over to you
Study the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and make a presentation on the types of crimes and potential penalties for them.
Reading
Exercise 1 Read the following text and write out the definitions of the following.
preparationѝofѝaѝcrimeѝ |
anѝattemptedѝcrimeѝ |
ѝ |
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An extract from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Articleѝ 15.ѝ Responsibilityѝ forѝ preparationѝ ofѝ crimeѝ andѝ forѝ attemptedѝ crime,ѝacquiringѝorѝarrangingѝtheѝmeansѝorѝinstruments,ѝorѝotherѝintentionalѝcreationѝofѝconditionsѝforѝtheѝcommissionѝofѝaѝcrime,ѝshallѝbeѝ deemedѝpreparationѝofѝaѝcrime.ѝ
Anѝintentionalѝactionѝimmediatelyѝdirectedѝtowardsѝtheѝcommissionѝofѝ aѝcrimeѝshallѝbeѝdeemedѝanѝattemptedѝcrime,ѝprovidedѝtheѝcrimeѝisѝnotѝ broughtѝtoѝcompletionѝforѝreasonsѝindependentѝofѝtheѝwillѝofѝtheѝguiltyѝ person.ѝ
Punishmentѝforѝpreparationѝofѝaѝcrimeѝandѝforѝattemptedѝcrimeѝshallѝbeѝ assignedѝinѝaccordanceѝwithѝArticleѝ3ѝofѝtheѝSpecialѝPartѝofѝtheѝpresentѝ Codeѝwhichѝprovidesѝforѝresponsibilityѝforѝtheѝgivenѝcrime.ѝ
Inѝassigningѝpunishmentѝtheѝcourtѝshallѝtakeѝintoѝaccountѝtheѝcharacterѝ andѝdegreeѝofѝsocialѝdangerѝofѝtheѝactionsѝcommittedѝbyѝtheѝguiltyѝperson,ѝtheѝdegreeѝtoѝwhichѝtheѝcriminalѝintentionѝisѝcarriedѝout,ѝandѝtheѝ causesѝbyѝreasonѝofѝwhichѝtheѝcrimeѝisѝnotѝbroughtѝtoѝcompletion.ѝ
Vocabulary
extractѝ отрывокѝ toѝacquireѝ приобретатьѝ intentionѝ намерениеѝ toѝdeemѝ полагать,ѝсчитатьѝ
articleѝ пункт,ѝпараграф,ѝстатьяѝ(документа)ѝ toѝtakeѝintoѝaccountѝ приниматьѝвоѝвниманиеѝ toѝcarryѝoutѝ выполнять,ѝпроводитьѝ
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Exercise 2 Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets and translate these sentences into Russian.
1.Thisѝshallѝ(deem,ѝbeѝdeemed)ѝpreparationѝofѝaѝcrime.ѝ
2.Punishmentѝshallѝ(assign,ѝbeѝassigned)ѝinѝaccordanceѝwithѝtheѝSpecialѝ PartѝofѝtheѝCode.ѝ
3.Thisѝarticleѝ(considers,ѝisѝconsidered)ѝanѝintegralѝpartѝofѝtheѝCode.ѝ
4.Thisѝarticleѝ(provides,ѝisѝprovided)ѝforѝresponsibilityѝforѝsuchѝcrimes.ѝ
5.Theѝcourtѝshallѝ(take,ѝbeѝtaken)ѝintoѝaccountѝtheѝcharacterѝandѝdangerѝofѝtheѝactions.ѝ
6.Itѝshallѝalsoѝ(take,ѝbeѝtaken)ѝintoѝconsiderationѝtheѝdegreeѝtoѝwhichѝ theѝcriminalѝintentionѝ(carries,ѝisѝcarried)ѝout.ѝ
7.Itѝshallѝ(consider,ѝbeѝconsidered)ѝtheѝcausesѝbyѝwhichѝtheѝcrimeѝ(dosesѝ notѝbring,ѝisѝnotѝbrought)ѝtoѝcompletionѝasѝwell.ѝ
N o t e :ѝintegralѝ—ѝнеотъемлемыйѝ
Exercise 3 Translate into English paying attention to these constructions.
inѝaccordanceѝwithѝsmthѝ
1.ѝ вѝ соответствииѝ соѝ статьейѝ 15;ѝ 2.ѝ вѝ соответствииѝ соѝ статьейѝ 1ѝѝ СпециальнойѝчастиѝнастоящегоѝКодекса;ѝ3.ѝвѝсоответствииѝсѝдоговором,ѝподписаннымѝ16ѝфевраляѝ2008ѝгода;ѝ4.ѝвѝсоответствииѝсѝ приказомѝ20-а;ѝ5.ѝвѝсоответствииѝсѝпунктомѝ3ѝстатьиѝ20ѝ
N o t e :ѝѝclauseѝ—ѝпунктѝѝ
independentѝofѝsmb/smthѝ
1.ѝпричины,ѝнеѝзависящиеѝотѝобвиняемого;ѝ2.ѝобстоятельства,ѝнеѝ зависящиеѝотѝпреступника;ѝ3.ѝусловия,ѝнеѝзависящиеѝотѝсвидетеля;ѝ4.ѝниѝотѝкогоѝнеѝзависящиеѝпоказанияѝ
Exercise 4 Sum up what punishment the law assigns for preparation of a crime and for an attempted crime.
Exercise 5 Form the corresponding verbs.
punishableѝ |
indictableѝ |
readableѝ |
reasonableѝ |
detachableѝ |
returnableѝ |
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Exercise 6 Translate the text in writing.
Theѝmostѝimportantѝclassificationѝofѝlawѝisѝintoѝcivilѝandѝcriminalѝlaw.ѝ
Todayѝtheѝscopeѝofѝcriminalѝlawѝisѝveryѝextensive,ѝrangingѝfromѝcrimesѝsoѝ seriousѝasѝtoѝbeѝpunishableѝbyѝtheѝdeathѝpenaltyѝtoѝpettyѝoffencesѝpunishableѝonlyѝbyѝtheѝimpositionѝofѝaѝsmallѝfine.ѝButѝinѝallѝtheseѝcasesѝtheѝunderlyingѝprincipleѝisѝthatѝofѝcriminalѝretribution.ѝ
InѝEnglishѝcriminalѝsystemѝcrimesѝmayѝbeѝarrangedѝaccordingѝtoѝtheirѝ degreesѝofѝimportanceѝinѝtheѝfollowingѝgroupsѝandѝsub-groups:ѝ
1.ѝIndictableѝoffences,ѝi.e.ѝthoseѝwhichѝadmitѝofѝtrialѝbyѝjury,ѝnamelyѝ treasons,ѝotherѝfeloniesѝ(murder,ѝmanslaughter,ѝburglary,ѝhousebreaking,ѝlarceny,ѝbigamy,ѝrape),ѝmisdemeanorsѝ(perjury,ѝconspiracy,ѝfraud,ѝ falseѝpretences,ѝlibel,ѝriot,ѝassault)ѝ
2.ѝ Pettyѝ offences,ѝ i.e.ѝ thoseѝ whichѝ areѝ usuallyѝ triedѝ byѝ justiceѝ ofѝ theѝ peaceѝwithoutѝaѝjury.ѝ
Amongѝindictableѝcrimesѝtheѝcommonѝlawѝsinglesѝoutѝsomeѝasѝbeingѝsoѝ conspicuousѝthatѝaѝmanѝguiltyѝofѝanyѝofѝthemѝmustѝnotѝonlyѝincurѝhisѝ sentenceѝbutѝalsoѝisѝtoѝbeѝdeprivedѝofѝhisѝlands,ѝorѝofѝhisѝgoods,ѝorѝofѝ both.ѝ
Asѝfeloniesѝareѝalwaysѝseriousѝoffences,ѝtheѝlawѝregardsѝitѝthatѝtheѝoffenderѝshouldѝbeѝremainingѝinѝprisonѝuntilѝtheѝtrialѝtakesѝplace.ѝThoughѝ aѝpersonѝwhoѝisѝcommittedѝforѝtrialѝforѝmisdemeanorѝcouldѝbeѝreleasedѝ onѝbail,ѝasѝcommonѝlawѝinsists.ѝ
Exercise 7 Insert appropriate articles.
1.___ѝcommonѝlawѝsinglesѝoutѝsomeѝcrimesѝasѝbeingѝsoѝconspicuousѝ thatѝ___ѝmanѝguiltyѝofѝthemѝcanѝincurѝhisѝsentenceѝandѝalsoѝbeѝdeprivedѝofѝhisѝproperty.ѝ
2.Feloniesѝareѝalwaysѝ___ѝseriousѝoffences.ѝ
3. ...ѝmostѝseriousѝindictableѝoffenceѝisѝ___ѝtreason.ѝ
4.Inѝcaseѝofѝ___ѝfeloniesѝ___ѝoffenderѝremainsѝinѝ___ѝprisonѝuntilѝ___ѝ trialѝtakesѝplace.ѝ
5.___personѝcommittedѝforѝtrialѝforѝ___ѝmisdemeanorѝcanѝbeѝreleasedѝonѝ___ѝ bail.ѝ
6.___ѝcommonѝlawѝinsistsѝonѝthat.ѝ
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Exercise 8 Complete these sentences. |
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a)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝcausesѝdamageѝorѝdisturbanceѝinѝpub- |
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l)ѝanѝarsonistѝ |
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licѝplaces,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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b)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝisѝsomeoneѝwhoѝsteals,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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2)ѝaѝkidnapperѝ |
c)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝtakesѝcontrolѝofѝaѝplaneѝbyѝforceѝandѝ |
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3)ѝanѝassassinѝ |
makesѝtheѝpilotѝchangeѝcourse,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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d)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝmurdersѝforѝpoliticalѝreasonsѝorѝaѝre- |
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4)ѝaѝbigamistѝѝ |
ward,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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e)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝhidesѝonѝaѝshipѝorѝplaneѝtoѝgetѝaѝfreeѝ |
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5)ѝaѝhooliganѝ |
journey,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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f)ѝ Aѝ person,ѝ whoѝ makesѝ counterfeitѝ (false)ѝ moneyѝ orѝ |
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6)ѝaѝstowawayѝ |
signatures,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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g)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝisѝaѝmemberѝofѝaѝcriminalѝgroup,ѝisѝ |
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7)ѝaѝthiefѝ |
calledѝ…ѝ |
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h)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝsetsѝfireѝtoѝpropertyѝillegally,ѝisѝcalledѝ |
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8)ѝaѝhijackerѝ |
…ѝ |
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i)ѝ Aѝ person,ѝ whoѝ marriesѝ illegally,ѝ beingѝ marriedѝ al- |
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9)ѝaѝforgerѝ |
ready,ѝisѝcalledѝaѝ…ѝ |
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j)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝisѝaѝsoldierѝwhoѝrunsѝawayѝfromѝtheѝ |
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10)ѝaѝsmugglerѝ |
army,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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k)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝbringsѝgoodsѝintoѝaѝcountryѝillegallyѝ |
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11)ѝaѝtraitorѝ |
withoutѝpayingѝtax,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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l)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝtakesѝawayѝpeopleѝbyѝforceѝandѝde- |
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12)ѝaѝgangsterѝ |
mandsѝmoneyѝforѝtheirѝreturn,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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m)ѝAѝperson,ѝwhoѝbetraysѝhisѝorѝherѝcountryѝtoѝanotherѝ |
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13)ѝaѝdeserterѝ |
state,ѝisѝcalledѝ…ѝ |
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Exercise 9 Say what crime it is.
1.theѝactѝofѝenteringѝintoѝaѝmarriageѝwithѝoneѝpersonѝwhileѝstillѝlegallyѝ marriedѝtoѝanother.ѝ
2.theѝ crimeѝ orѝ offenseѝ ofѝ deliberatelyѝ deceivingѝ anotherѝ inѝ orderѝ toѝ damageѝthemѝ—ѝusually,ѝtoѝobtainѝpropertyѝorѝservicesѝunjustly.ѝ
3.theѝcrimeѝthatѝcoversѝtheѝmostѝseriousѝactsѝofѝdisloyaltyѝtoѝone'sѝsovereignѝorѝnation.ѝ
4.toѝknowinglyѝlieѝafterѝtakingѝanѝoathѝtoѝtellѝtheѝtruth,ѝsuchѝasѝwhenѝ testifyingѝ inѝ courtѝ orѝ communicatingѝ throughѝ certainѝ legalѝ documents.ѝ
242
5.itѝisѝcarriedѝoutѝbyѝaѝthreatѝofѝbodilyѝharmѝcoupledѝwithѝanѝapparent,ѝ presentѝabilityѝtoѝcauseѝtheѝharm.ѝѝ
6.theѝunlawfulѝkillingѝofѝaѝhumanѝbeingѝwithoutѝmaliceѝorѝpremeditation,ѝeitherѝexpressѝorѝimplied;ѝdistinguishedѝfromѝmurder,ѝwhichѝrequiresѝmaliciousѝintent.ѝ
7.anѝagreementѝbetweenѝpersonsѝtoѝbreakѝtheѝlawѝinѝtheѝfuture,ѝinѝsomeѝ casesѝhavingѝcommittedѝanѝactѝtoѝfurtherѝthatѝagreement.ѝ
Exercise 10 Translate these sentences into Russian paying attention to the word prosecute:
1.Heѝisѝprosecutingѝhisѝstudies.ѝ
2.Heѝisѝnowѝprosecutingѝtwoѝinquiries.ѝ
3.Theyѝareѝgoingѝtoѝprosecuteѝaѝclaimѝforѝdamages.ѝ
4.Mr.ѝBellѝisѝprosecutingѝforѝthisѝcase.ѝ
5.Sheѝisѝprosecutedѝforѝexceedingѝspeedѝlimit.ѝ
6.Trespassersѝwillѝbeѝprosecuted.ѝ
7.Theѝwarѝprosecutedѝforѝyears.ѝ
Exercise 11 Answer the following questions.
1.Whatѝisѝtheѝdifferenceѝbetweenѝcivilѝandѝcriminalѝlaw?ѝ
2.Whatѝisѝtheѝscopeѝofѝcriminalѝlaw?ѝ
3.Whatѝisѝtheѝdifferenceѝbetweenѝfeloniesѝandѝmisdemeanors?ѝ
4.Whatѝareѝpettyѝoffences?ѝ
5.Whichѝoffencesѝareѝindictable?ѝDoѝtheyѝassumeѝjuryѝtrial?ѝ
6.Whichѝcrimesѝareѝusuallyѝtriedѝbyѝjusticeѝofѝtheѝpeaceѝwithoutѝaѝ jury?ѝ
Exercise 12 Match the two halves of these sentences to make definitions of the criminals.
l)ѝaѝshop-lifterѝisѝaѝperson,ѝ |
a)ѝ…ѝattacksѝandѝrobsѝpeople,ѝoftenѝinѝtheѝ |
whoѝ |
streetѝ |
2)ѝ aѝ muggerѝ isѝ aѝ person,ѝ |
b)…ѝstealsѝmoney,ѝetc.ѝbyѝforceѝfromѝpeopleѝorѝ |
whoѝ |
placesѝ |
3)ѝ anѝ offenderѝ isѝ aѝ person,ѝ |
c)ѝ…ѝbreaksѝtheѝlawѝ |
who…ѝ |
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243
4)ѝaѝvandalѝisѝaѝperson,ѝwhoѝѝ |
d)ѝ…ѝusesѝviolenceѝforѝpoliticalѝreasonsѝ |
5)ѝ aѝ burglarѝ isѝ aѝ person,ѝ |
e)ѝ…ѝstealsѝfromѝshopsѝwhileѝactingѝasѝanѝ |
whoѝ |
ordinaryѝcustomerѝ |
6)ѝaѝmurdererѝisѝaѝperson,ѝ |
f)ѝ…ѝbreaksѝintoѝhousesѝorѝotherѝbuildingsѝ |
whoѝ |
toѝstealѝ |
7)ѝaѝpickpocketѝisѝaѝperson,ѝ |
g)ѝ…ѝdeliberatelyѝcausesѝdamageѝtoѝprop- |
whoѝ |
ertyѝ |
8)ѝanѝaccompliceѝisѝaѝper- |
h)ѝ…ѝstealsѝthingsѝfromѝpeople'sѝpocketsѝ |
son,ѝwhoѝ |
inѝcrowdedѝplacesѝ |
9)ѝaѝdrugѝdealerѝisѝaѝperson,ѝ |
i)ѝ…ѝgetsѝsecretѝinformationѝfromѝanotherѝ |
whoѝ |
countryѝ |
10)ѝaѝspyѝisѝaѝperson,ѝwhoѝ |
j)ѝ…ѝbuysѝandѝsellsѝdrugsѝillegallyѝ |
11)ѝ aѝ terroristѝ isѝ aѝ person,ѝ |
k)ѝ…ѝillegallyѝcarriesѝdrugsѝintoѝanotherѝ |
whoѝѝ |
countryѝ |
12)ѝ aѝ robberѝ isѝ aѝ person,ѝ |
l)ѝ…ѝhelpsѝaѝcriminalѝinѝaѝcriminalѝactѝ |
whoѝ |
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13)ѝaѝdrugѝsmugglerѝisѝaѝperson,ѝ |
m)ѝ…ѝkillsѝsomeoneѝ |
whoѝ |
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Over to you
Do you agree with the following words of Marcus Aurelius, «Poverty is the mother of crime»? Write an essay and give you arguments for or against it.
Revision
Exercise 1 Use appropriate form of the gerund to complete these sentences.
1.ѝTheѝproblemѝisѝnotѝworthѝ_________ѝ(discuss).ѝ 2.ѝTheѝoffenderѝwasѝafraidѝofѝ________ѝ(toѝpunish).ѝ 3.ѝTheѝpoliceѝsucceededѝinѝ_________ѝ(toѝprevent)ѝtheѝcrime.ѝ 4.ѝTheѝcatѝwasѝpunishedѝforѝ________ѝ(toѝbreak)ѝtheѝcup.ѝ 5.ѝJohnѝwasѝsuspectedѝofѝ________ѝ(toѝcommit)ѝaѝrobbery.ѝ
6.ѝAlexѝgaveѝupѝtheѝideaѝofѝ____ѝ(toѝsteal)ѝwithoutѝ_____.(toѝbeѝsuspected).ѝ
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Exercise 2 Study the table below. Which countries are the least corrupt? Which ones are the most corrupt ones? Do the results surprise you?
2008 CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX20RRUPTION?
Countryѝ |
Countryѝ |
Countryѝ |
Countryѝ |
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rankѝ |
rankѝ |
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1—3ѝѝ |
DenmarkѝNewѝZea- |
12—13ѝ |
AustriaѝHongѝKongѝ |
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landѝSwedenѝѝ |
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4ѝ |
Singaporeѝ |
14—15ѝ |
GermanyѝNorwayѝ |
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5—6ѝ |
FinlandѝSwitzerlandѝ |
16—17ѝ |
IrelandѝUnitedѝKingdomѝ |
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7—8ѝ |
IcelandѝNetherlandsѝ |
18—20ѝ |
BelgiumѝJapanѝUSAѝ |
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9—10ѝ |
AustraliaѝCanadaѝ |
……..ѝ |
……………………………..ѝ |
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11ѝ |
Luxembourgѝ |
147—150ѝ |
BangladeshѝKenyaѝRussiaѝSyriaѝ |
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ѝ |
ѝ |
151—157ѝ |
BelarusѝCentralѝAfricanѝRepub- |
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licѝ Cфteѝ dґIvoireѝ Taijikistanѝ |
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EcuadorѝLaosѝPapuaѝNewѝ |
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Exercise 3 Fill in the gaps. Use the degrees of comparison of the adjectives in brackets.
_______(many)ѝpeopleѝaroundѝtheѝworldѝbelieveѝthatѝBritainѝhasѝbecomeѝaѝ______(corrupt)ѝcountryѝthanѝotherѝEuropeanѝcountries.ѝ
Britainѝhasѝslippedѝdownѝtoѝtheѝ______ѝ(low)ѝrankingsѝofѝaѝtableѝcom- piledѝyearlyѝbyѝtheѝglobalѝanti-corruptionѝgroupѝTransparencyѝInterna- tional,ѝ followingѝ politicalѝ scandalsѝ andѝ theѝ government'sѝ failureѝ toѝ prosecuteѝoverѝallegedѝbribery.ѝTheѝresultsѝfromѝpollsѝtakenѝaroundѝtheѝ worldѝareѝusedѝtoѝassessѝhowѝ______ѝ(much)ѝcorruptionѝisѝperceivedѝtoѝ existѝamongѝpublicѝofficialsѝandѝpoliticiansѝinѝ180ѝcountries.ѝ
Britainѝisѝnowѝclassedѝasѝtheѝ16thѝ__________ѝ(clean)ѝcountryѝinѝtheѝ world,ѝdownѝfromѝ12thѝinѝtheѝpreviousѝyear,ѝandѝitsѝ_______ѝ(bad)ѝperformanceѝsinceѝtheѝleagueѝtableѝwasѝstartedѝinѝ1995.ѝ
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Exercise 4 Compare the countries according to their position in the bribery league (see exercise 2 above).
Forѝhelp:ѝmuchѝmoreѝ…ѝthan;ѝlessѝ…ѝthan;ѝasѝ…ѝas;ѝnotѝasѝ…ѝas;ѝcomparedѝto/ѝinѝcomparisonѝtoѝ
Exercise 5 Complete these true stories with appropriate active or passive form of the verb in brackets. Pay attention to the tense of the verb.
1.ѝSeventy-fiveѝprisonersѝinѝnorthernѝMexicoѝ_________ѝ(spend)ѝoverѝ sixѝmonthsѝdiggingѝaѝtunnelѝinѝanѝattemptѝtoѝescapeѝfromѝSatilloѝprison.ѝ Unfortunatelyѝforѝthem,ѝhowever,ѝtheirѝtunnelѝ_______ѝ(comeѝup)ѝinѝ theѝnearbyѝcourtroom,ѝwhereѝtheyѝ_______ѝ(sentence).ѝAllѝseventy-fiveѝ prisonersѝ _______ѝ (return)ѝ toѝ prisonѝ immediatelyѝ byѝ theѝ surprisedѝ judge.ѝѝ
2.ѝMrsѝRedwood,ѝfromѝPortѝHeadlandѝinѝAustralia,ѝ_______ѝ(attack)ѝ byѝaѝburglarѝwhileѝsheѝ_______ѝ(talk)ѝonѝtheѝphoneѝtoѝherѝbrotherѝinѝ Leeds,ѝ England.ѝ Herѝ brotherѝ ________ѝ (hear)ѝ strangeѝ noises,ѝ andѝ
______ѝ(phone)ѝtheѝlocalѝpoliceѝstationѝinѝLeeds.ѝTheѝPortѝHeadlandѝ policeѝ______ѝ(contact)ѝimmediately,ѝandѝanѝofficerѝ______ѝ(send)ѝtoѝ Mrsѝ Redwood'sѝ house.ѝ Theѝ womanѝ _______ѝ (rescue)ѝ justѝ eighteenѝ minutesѝafterѝtheѝattackѝ________ѝ(happen).ѝ
Over to you
Read the situation and discuss it in your group.
MarkѝChen,ѝ40,ѝaѝbusinessmanѝfromѝKorea,ѝwasѝpromotedѝtoѝaѝveryѝ highѝpositionѝinѝaѝMoscowѝsubsidiaryѝofѝaѝlargeѝinternationalѝcompany.ѝ Hisѝresponsibilitiesѝincludedѝmanagingѝaѝbigѝdepartment,ѝthoughѝheѝhadѝ littleѝexperienceѝinѝthisѝtypeѝofѝwork.ѝHisѝworkѝwasѝreallyѝdifficult,ѝbutѝ challenging.ѝSo,ѝChenѝacceptedѝtheѝofferѝandѝmovedѝtoѝRussia.ѝѝ
Chenѝwasѝveryѝambitiousѝandѝgladѝtoѝgetѝthisѝwell-paidѝjob.ѝButѝafterѝ aboutѝ6—7ѝmonthsѝitѝbecameѝclearѝthatѝChenѝwasѝunderѝaѝlotѝofѝstress.ѝ Thereѝwereѝaѝlotѝofѝstressѝfactors:ѝheѝcouldn'tѝcopeѝwithѝhisѝjob,ѝhisѝsuperiorѝdidn'tѝhelpѝhim.ѝHeѝworkedѝnotѝlessѝthanѝ12ѝhoursѝaѝdayѝtryingѝtoѝ doѝtheѝjob.ѝLivingѝinѝaѝforeignѝcountryѝdepressedѝhim.ѝChenѝwasn'tѝgoodѝ atѝcommunicatingѝwithѝpeople,ѝhisѝcolleaguesѝdislikedѝhim.ѝHisѝwifeѝ didn'tѝwantѝtoѝmoveѝtoѝMoscow.ѝ
Oneѝdayѝheѝcameѝtoѝtheѝofficeѝlaterѝthanѝusual.ѝHeѝtookѝoutѝaѝpistolѝandѝ shotѝ5ѝemployeesѝofѝhisѝdepartment.ѝHeѝkilledѝoneѝofѝthemѝandѝseri-
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