Exercise 3 Answer these questions.

1.ѝWhatѝareѝtheѝmainѝdutiesѝofѝtheѝpoliceѝofficer?ѝ 2.ѝWhoѝenforcesѝtheѝlawѝonѝtheѝcountyѝlevel?ѝ 3.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝpurposeѝofѝpolicing?ѝ 4.ѝWhatѝareѝtheѝresponsibilitiesѝofѝlawѝenforcement?ѝ 5.ѝWhatѝdoѝurbanѝpoliceѝofficersѝmostlyѝdo?ѝ 6.ѝWhatѝareѝtheѝdutiesѝofѝdetectives?ѝ 7.ѝWhatѝareѝtheѝthreeѝlevelsѝofѝpolicingѝinѝtheѝUS?ѝ

Exercise 4 Study the following.

oathѝ клятва,ѝприсягаѝ toѝtakeѝanѝoathѝ приниматьѝприсягуѝ oathѝtakingѝ принятиеѝприсягиѝ

Exercise 5 Translate the text in writing. If necessary, use a dictionary.

The oath of the British constable

IѝbeingѝappointedѝaѝConstableѝofѝtheѝDistrictѝPolice,ѝdoѝsolemnly,ѝsincerely,ѝandѝtrulyѝdeclareѝandѝaffirmѝthatѝIѝwillѝwellѝandѝtrulyѝserveѝourѝ SovereignѝLady,ѝQueenѝElizabeth,ѝinѝtheѝofficeѝofѝaѝConstable,ѝandѝthatѝ Iѝwillѝactѝasѝaѝconstableѝforѝpreservingѝtheѝpeace,ѝandѝpreventingѝtheѝ robberiesѝ andѝ otherѝ felonies,ѝ andѝ apprehendingѝoffendersѝ againstѝ theѝ peace,ѝandѝinѝallѝrespectsѝtoѝtheѝbestѝofѝmyѝskillѝandѝknowledge,ѝdischargeѝtheѝdutiesѝofѝtheѝsaidѝofficeѝfaithfullyѝaccordingѝtoѝlaw.ѝ

Exercise 6 Complete the sentences with appropriate articles.

1.Itѝisѝ___ѝoathѝofѝ___ѝBritishѝconstableѝofѝ___ѝDistrictѝPolice.ѝ

2.___ѝoathѝsaysѝthatѝ___ѝconstableѝwillѝtrulyѝserveѝ___ѝQueenѝofѝBritain.ѝ

3.___ѝconstableѝalsoѝsaysѝheѝwillѝactѝforѝpreservingѝ___ѝpeace.ѝ

4.___ѝconstableѝdeclaresѝheѝwillѝdoѝhisѝbestѝtoѝpreventѝ___ѝrobberiesѝ andѝ___ѝotherѝfeloniesѝ

5.___ѝoathѝalsoѝsaysѝthatѝ___ѝconstableѝmustѝapprehendѝ___ѝoffendersѝ againstѝ___ѝpeace.ѝ

6.Heѝalsoѝpromisesѝtoѝdischargeѝhisѝdutiesѝaccordingѝtoѝ___ѝlaw.ѝ

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Over to you

Compare the oath of the British constable with that of the Russian militiaman. What is the same and what is different?

Grammar: Complex forms of the infinitive

(сложные формы инфинитива)

Инфинитивѝвѝанглийскомѝязыкеѝвыражаетѝдействие,ѝноѝбезѝуказанияѝнаѝлицо,ѝчислоѝиѝнаклонениеѝ(см.ѝурокѝ10).ѝИнфинитивѝимеетѝ несколькоѝформ,ѝвѝкаждойѝизѝкоторыхѝзаключеноѝпонятиеѝзалогаѝ

(Active/Passive)ѝ иѝ характераѝ действияѝ (Simple/Progressive/Perfect),ѝ

чтоѝследуетѝучитыватьѝприѝпереводе.ѝ

Activeѝ	Passiveѝ
toѝapprehendѝ	toѝbeѝapprehendedѝ
toѝbeѝapprehendingѝ
	toѝhaveѝbeenѝapprehendedѝ
toѝhaveѝapprehendedѝ
toѝhaveѝbeenѝapprehendingѝ
*ѝSeeѝGrammarѝreferenceѝ

Exercise 1 Read and translate these sentences paying attention to the forms of the infinitives.

1.Governmentsѝmakeѝtheѝpublicѝawareѝofѝwhatѝlawѝisѝandѝtryѝtoѝencourageѝsocialѝsupportѝforѝlawѝandѝorder.ѝ

2.Theѝlawsѝofѝallѝcountriesѝareѝtoѝbeѝfoundѝinѝtheѝlegalѝcodes,ѝstatutesѝ andѝcaseѝjudgments.ѝ

3.Policeѝforcesѝareѝusedѝtoѝinvestigateѝcrimesѝandѝcatchѝcriminals.ѝ

4.Asѝwellѝasѝgatheringѝinformationѝforѝoffencesѝtoѝbeѝprosecutedѝinѝtheѝ courts,ѝtheѝpoliceѝhaveѝwideѝpowersѝtoѝarrest,ѝsearchѝandѝquestionѝ suspectsѝandѝtoѝcontrolѝtheѝactionsѝofѝmembersѝofѝtheѝpublicѝduringѝ publicѝdemonstrationsѝandѝassemblies.ѝ

5.Peopleѝsupposeѝsomeѝevidenceѝagainstѝsuspectsѝtoѝhaveѝbeenѝfalsifiedѝ byѝcorruptѝpoliceѝofficers.ѝ

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6. .ѝTheѝPoliceѝComplaintsѝAuthorityѝisѝknownѝtoѝhaveѝbeenѝsupervisingѝ theѝinvestigationѝofѝallegationsѝofѝpoliceѝmisconductѝsinceѝ1984.ѝ

7.Noѝpoliceѝofficerѝorѝformerѝpoliceѝofficerѝmayѝbeѝappointedѝtoѝthisѝ authority.ѝ

Exercise 2 Answer and debate the following questions.

1.Shouldѝtheѝpublicѝtrustѝtheѝpoliceѝforceѝtoѝreportѝcrimes,ѝtoѝbeѝlaw-abiding?ѝ

2.DoesѝtheѝRussianѝFederationѝhaveѝaѝcodeѝofѝconductѝforѝtheѝmilitiaѝ limitingѝtheѝtimeѝandѝtheѝmethodsѝtheyѝcanѝuseѝtoѝquestionѝsuspects?ѝ

Over to you

Write a paragraph about the main principles of militia officers’ behavior based on the Code of Ethics.

Reading

Before you read, translate the following into Russian. Pay attention to the word state.

Stateѝ—ѝ1)ѝгосударство,ѝ2)ѝштатѝ

1.ѝ stateѝ policeѝ forcesѝ (inѝ theѝ	4.ѝtheѝUnitedѝStatesѝofѝAmericaѝ
USA)ѝ
2.ѝstateѝfinancingѝ(inѝtheѝUSA)ѝ	5.ѝ stateѝ financingѝ (inѝ otherѝ coun-
	tries)ѝ
3.ѝtheѝstateѝofѝItalyѝ	6.ѝtheѝEuropeanѝstatesѝ

Exercise 1 Read the text.

Structure of the American police

ThereѝareѝfiveѝmainѝtypesѝofѝpoliceѝagenciesѝoperatingѝinѝtheѝUSA,ѝeachѝ withѝitsѝownѝjurisdictionѝandѝspecialѝfunctions:ѝ

PoliceѝagenciesѝofѝtheѝFederalѝgovernmentѝ

Stateѝpoliceѝforcesѝ

sheriffsѝinѝcountiesѝ

theѝpoliceѝforcesѝofѝcitiesѝandѝtownsѝ

theѝpoliceѝofѝvillages.ѝ

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Besidesѝthereѝareѝsuchѝspecialѝpoliceѝforcesѝasѝparksѝpolice,ѝbridgeѝandѝ tunnelѝadministrationѝpoliceѝforces,ѝandѝpoliceѝorganizationsѝforѝspecialѝ tasks.ѝAllѝinѝall,ѝthereѝareѝaboutѝ40,000ѝseparateѝpoliceѝagenciesѝinѝtheѝ UnitedѝStatesѝofѝAmerica.ѝ

Theѝ majorѝ typesѝ ofѝ policeѝ agenciesѝ canѝ beѝ dividedѝ intoѝ threeѝ majorѝ branchesѝofѝgovernment:ѝfederal,ѝstate,ѝandѝlocalѝ(cityѝandѝcounty).ѝ

Theѝfederalѝlawѝenforcementѝsystemѝincludesѝsuchѝwellѝknownѝagenciesѝasѝ theѝFederalѝBureauѝofѝInvestigation,ѝNationalѝParkѝService,ѝBorderѝPatrol,ѝUSѝPostalѝInspectorѝandѝmanyѝmore.ѝTheѝFederalѝpoliceѝagenciesѝ areѝfinancedѝfromѝtheѝFederalѝFund.ѝOtherѝpoliceѝforcesѝareѝfinancedѝ fromѝtheѝrespectiveѝauthorities»ѝfunds.ѝ

Lawѝenforcementѝonѝtheѝstateѝlevelѝincludesѝtheѝstateѝpoliceѝorѝhighwayѝpatrol,ѝ drugѝcontrolѝagencies,ѝinvestigativeѝbureaux,ѝandѝothers.ѝ

Onѝtheѝlevelѝofѝlocalѝgovernmentѝtheѝpoliceѝagenciesѝareѝtheѝlargestѝlawѝenforcementѝgroup.ѝTheseѝagenciesѝincludeѝmunicipalѝ(orѝcity)ѝpolice,ѝcountyѝ sheriff'sѝoffices,ѝconstablesѝandѝvillageѝpoliceѝdepartments.ѝ

Municipalѝpoliceѝdepartmentsѝhaveѝtheirѝownѝorganizationѝwithѝseveralѝ differentѝdivisions,ѝeachѝwithѝspecificѝfunctions.ѝInѝmostѝdepartmentsѝ thereѝareѝfourѝmajorѝdivisions:ѝ

fieldѝoperationsѝ(patrol,ѝinvestigation,ѝtraffic,ѝyouthѝdivisions,ѝ specialѝoperations,ѝetc.)ѝ

administrativeѝservicesѝ(communityѝrelations,ѝplanning,ѝetc.)ѝ

technicalѝservicesѝ(communications,ѝrecords,ѝetc.)ѝandѝ

inspectionalѝservicesѝ(internalѝaffairs,ѝintelligence,ѝetc.)ѝ

AccordingѝtoѝtheѝBureauѝofѝLaborѝStatistics,ѝpoliceѝandѝsheriffsѝpatrolѝ officersѝhadѝmedianѝannualѝearningsѝofѝ$39,790ѝinѝ2000.ѝPoliceѝchiefs,ѝ deputyѝ chiefs,ѝ captains,ѝ lieutenantsѝ andѝ sergeantsѝ earnedѝ betweenѝ $52,000ѝandѝ$78,600ѝperѝyear.ѝInѝ2008,ѝdetectivesѝandѝcriminalѝinvestigatorsѝearnedѝbetweenѝ$37,240ѝandѝ$61,750ѝperѝyear.ѝ

Inѝaѝlargeѝdepartment,ѝofficersѝmayѝbeѝpromotedѝtoѝdetectiveѝorѝtoѝaѝ specialtyѝareaѝofѝpoliceѝwork,ѝsuchѝasѝjuvenileѝjusticeѝadministration.ѝ Promotionsѝtoѝcorporal,ѝsergeant,ѝlieutenant,ѝandѝcaptainѝusuallyѝareѝ madeѝaccordingѝtoѝaѝcandidate'sѝpositionѝonѝaѝpromotionѝlist,ѝdependingѝ onѝ yourѝ on-the-jobѝ performanceѝ andѝ examinationѝ scores.ѝ Manyѝ officersѝretireѝwithѝaѝpensionѝafterѝonlyѝ20ѝorѝ25ѝyearsѝofѝservice,ѝandѝ pursueѝaѝsecondѝcareerѝwhileѝstillѝinѝtheirѝ40s.ѝ

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Vocabulary

communityѝ	группаѝлиц,ѝобъединенныхѝпоѝкакому-либоѝпринци-
	пуѝ(например,ѝпроживающихѝвѝоднойѝместности)ѝ
intelligenceѝ	разведкаѝ
annualѝ	среднегодовойѝ
toѝpromoteѝ	повышатьѝпоѝслужбеѝ
examinationѝscoresѝ	результатыѝэкзаменовѝ

Exercise 2 Translate into English using the word most.

1.ѝбольшинствоѝотделовѝ 5.ѝбольшинствоѝштатовѝ

2.ѝбольшинствоѝлюдейѝ 6.ѝбольшинствоѝприказовѝ

3.ѝбольшинствоѝорганизацийѝ 7.ѝбольшинствоѝотделенийѝ

4.ѝбольшинствоѝполицейскихѝ 8.ѝбольшинствоѝгарантийѝ

Exercise 3 Say whether these statements are true or false.

1.Municipalѝpoliceѝdepartmentsѝareѝtheѝbackboneѝofѝtheѝlocalѝgovernmentѝ level.ѝ

2.Thereѝareѝthreeѝmainѝdivisionsѝinsideѝeachѝdepartment,ѝasѝaѝrule.ѝ

3.Theѝfieldѝoperationsѝdivisionѝisѝresponsibleѝforѝpatrollingѝstreets,ѝinvestigations,ѝtrafficѝandѝnothingѝelse.ѝ

4.Theѝadministrativeѝservicesѝdivisionѝsupervisesѝcommunityѝrelations,ѝ planning,ѝetc.ѝ

5.Theѝ technicalѝ servicesѝ divisionѝ isѝ responsibleѝ forѝ communications,ѝ records,ѝfingerprints.ѝ

6.Theѝinspectionalѝservicesѝdivisionѝfunctionsѝinѝtheѝfieldѝofѝexternalѝ affairs,ѝinternalѝaffairs,ѝintelligence,ѝetc.ѝ

N o t e :ѝbackboneѝоснова,ѝкостякѝ

Exercise 4 Answer these questions.

1.WhatѝareѝtheѝmainѝtypesѝofѝpoliceѝagenciesѝinѝtheѝUSA?ѝ

2.Whatѝagenciesѝdoesѝtheѝfederalѝlawѝenforcementѝsystemѝconsistѝof?ѝ

3.Whatѝlawѝenforcementѝagenciesѝareѝthereѝonѝtheѝstateѝlevel?ѝ

4.Isѝtheѝlargestѝlawѝenforcementѝgroupѝonѝtheѝlevelѝofѝlocalѝgovernment?ѝ

5.Whatѝagenciesѝareѝthereѝonѝtheѝlevelѝofѝlocalѝgovernment?ѝ

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6.Whatѝisѝtheѝsalaryѝofѝaѝpoliceman?ѝWhatѝdoesѝitѝdependѝon?ѝ

7.WhatѝareѝtheѝpromotionalѝopportunitiesѝinѝtheѝUSAѝpolice?ѝ

Exercise 5 Draw a chart showing all the levels and composition of each level of police agencies in the USA.

Theѝfederalѝlawѝenforcementѝagenciesѝ

ѝ

Theѝstateѝlawѝenforcementѝagenciesѝ

ѝ

Theѝmunicipalѝlawѝenforcementѝagenciesѝ

Exercise 6 Sum up what you know about the police in the USA.

Revision

Exercise 1 Translate these sentences paying attention to the modals with the perfect infinitive.

1.Theѝpoliceѝofficersѝmustѝhaveѝlocatedѝtheѝwantedѝperson.ѝ

2.Thatѝpolicemanѝmayѝhaveѝusedѝunofficialѝsourcesѝofѝinformation.ѝ

3.Weѝbelieveѝtheѝpreventionѝofѝcrimesѝtoѝbeѝoneѝofѝtheѝresponsibilitiesѝ ofѝtheѝmilitia.ѝ

4.Theѝdetectivesѝmustѝhaveѝfoundѝtheѝmissingѝpersons.ѝ

5.Theѝburglarѝmayѝhaveѝescapedѝfromѝtheѝhouseѝthroughѝtheѝopenѝwindow.ѝ

Exercise 2 Read and translate the text using a dictionary. Pay attention to the modals with the perfect infinitive.

Theѝfirstѝ «bobby»ѝ whoѝwalkedѝ theѝstreetsѝofѝ Londonѝcouldѝnotѝhaveѝ foreseenѝtheѝpresentѝAmericanѝpatternѝofѝhighlyѝorganized,ѝrationalized,ѝ mechanized,ѝandѝmobileѝpolicing,ѝnorѝcouldѝheѝhaveѝanticipatedѝtheѝ centralityѝofѝweaponryѝandѝtheѝdirectѝforceѝappliedѝbyѝtheѝmodernѝpolice.ѝItѝisѝalsoѝunlikelyѝthatѝheѝwouldѝhaveѝhadѝmuchѝsympathyѝforѝtheѝ crime-fightingѝrhetoric,ѝforѝatѝthatѝtimeѝitѝwasѝneitherѝpossibleѝnorѝveryѝ wiseѝtoѝseekѝoutѝcriminalsѝandѝattemptѝtoѝcombatѝthem.ѝ

Do you agree with the ideas expressed in the passage? Why or why not? Give your reasons.

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