imprisonmentѝ	criminalizationѝ	objectiveѝ
abuseѝ	achievementѝ	safetyѝ

Exercise 3 Translate these words into Russian.

toѝharmѝ—ѝharmѝ—ѝharmlessѝ—ѝharmfulѝ toѝcommitѝ—ѝcommissionerѝ—ѝcommissionѝ toѝadvantage—ѝadvantageѝ—ѝdisadvantageѝadvantageousѝ toѝinfluenceѝ—ѝinfluenceѝ—ѝinfluentialѝ toѝviolateѝ—violator—ѝviolenceѝ—ѝviolentѝѝ toѝdelegateѝ—ѝdelegateѝ—ѝdelegationѝ

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions.

1.ѝWhatѝdoѝyouѝknowѝaboutѝprisonsѝandѝtheirѝinmates?ѝWhatѝkindsѝofѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝoffendersѝformѝprisonѝpopulation?ѝ

2.ѝDoѝprisonersѝcommitѝnewѝcrimesѝafterѝtheirѝrelease?ѝWhy,ѝorѝwhyѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝnot?ѝ

Exercise 1 Read the text.

Is prison an answer?

Prisonѝpopulationsѝaroundѝtheѝworldѝareѝincreasing,ѝplacingѝenormousѝ financialѝburdensѝonѝgovernments.ѝInѝtheѝmeantime,ѝthereѝisѝgrowingѝ recognitionѝthatѝimprisonmentѝdoesѝnotѝachieveѝsomeѝofѝitsѝmostѝim- portantѝstatedѝobjectives,ѝasѝwellѝasѝbeingѝharmfulѝ—ѝtoѝoffenders,ѝtoѝ theirѝfamiliesѝandѝinѝtheѝlong-term,ѝtoѝtheѝcommunity.ѝ

Imprisonmentѝhasѝseveralѝobjectives.ѝItѝkeepsѝthemѝfromѝcommittingѝ furtherѝcrimesѝwhileѝtheyѝareѝinѝprisonѝand,ѝinѝtheory,ѝallowsѝthemѝtoѝbeѝ rehabilitatedѝduringѝtheirѝperiodѝofѝimprisonment.ѝ

However,ѝitѝisѝthisѝobjectiveѝthatѝisѝgenerallyѝnotѝbeingѝmetѝbyѝimprisonment.ѝOnѝtheѝcontrary,ѝevidenceѝshowsѝthatѝprisonsѝnotѝonlyѝrarelyѝ rehabilitate,ѝbutѝtheyѝtendѝtoѝfurtherѝcriminalizeѝindividuals,ѝleadingѝtoѝ re-offending.ѝѝ

Theѝmajorityѝofѝprisonersѝworldwideѝcomeѝfromѝeconomicallyѝandѝsociallyѝ disadvantagedѝ backgrounds.ѝ Poverty,ѝ unemployment,ѝ lackѝ ofѝ housing,ѝbrokenѝfamilies,ѝhistoriesѝofѝpsychologicalѝproblemsѝandѝmen-

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talѝillness,ѝdrugѝandѝalcoholѝabuse,ѝdomesticѝviolenceѝareѝrealitiesѝthatѝ areѝlikelyѝtoѝbeѝfoundѝinѝmostѝoffenders'ѝlives.ѝManyѝareѝinѝprisonѝforѝ non-violentѝorѝminorѝoffences.ѝ

Byѝusingѝprisonѝasѝanѝanswerѝtoѝallѝoffencesѝcommittedѝbyѝsuchѝindividuals,ѝnotѝonlyѝisѝtheѝissueѝofѝsafetyѝinѝtheѝcommunityѝnotѝaddressedѝ inѝanyѝsustainableѝmanner,ѝtheѝcycleѝofѝimpoverishment,ѝlossѝofѝjobs,ѝ weakeningѝofѝemploymentѝchances,ѝdamageѝtoѝrelationships,ѝworseningѝ ofѝpsychologicalѝandѝmentalѝillnessesѝandѝcontinuedѝorѝincreasedѝdrugѝ useѝisѝperpetuated.ѝ

Thereѝareѝalsoѝmanyѝhealthѝrisksѝassociatedѝwithѝovercrowdedѝprisons,ѝ includingѝtheѝspreadѝofѝinfectiousѝdisease,ѝsuchѝasѝtuberculosisѝandѝHIV.ѝ Inѝmanyѝcountriesѝviolenceѝisѝaѝcommonѝelementѝofѝprisonѝlife,ѝespeciallyѝwhereѝthereѝisѝovercrowding.ѝ

Vocabulary

toѝsustainѝ	поддерживать,ѝзаботиться,ѝустоятьѝ
toѝperpetuateѝ	статьѝпостояннымѝ

HIVѝ—ѝhumanѝimmunityѝvirusѝ вирусѝиммунодефицитаѝчеловекаѝ

Exercise 2 Find in the text the English equivalents for these word combinations.

растущееѝчислоѝзаключенных;ѝогромноеѝфинансовоеѝбремя;ѝдостичьѝцели;ѝвѝдолгосрочнойѝперспективе;ѝпривестиѝкѝсовершениюѝ повторныхѝправонарушений;ѝ социальноѝ иѝ экономическиѝ неблагополучныеѝ семьи;ѝ злоупотреблениеѝ алкоголемѝ иѝ наркотиками;ѝ мелкиеѝ ненасильственныеѝ преступления;ѝ вопросѝ безопасностиѝ общества;ѝобнищание;ѝобострениеѝзаболеваний;ѝпереполненностьѝ тюремѝ

Exercise 3 Insert appropriate prepositions.

1.Imprisonmentѝkeepsѝoffendersѝ____ѝcommittingѝfurtherѝcrimesѝand,ѝ

___ѝtheory,ѝallowsѝthemѝtoѝbeѝrehabilitatedѝ___ѝtheirѝperiodѝ___ѝimprisonment.ѝ

2.Iimprisonmentѝdoesѝnotѝachieveѝitsѝobjectivesѝbeingѝharmfulѝ___ѝof- fenders,ѝ___ѝtheirѝfamiliesѝandѝ___ѝlong-term,ѝ___ѝcommunityѝ

3.Theѝmajorityѝ___ѝprisonersѝworldwideѝcomeѝ___ѝeconomicallyѝandѝ sociallyѝdisadvantagedѝbackgrounds.ѝ

4.Manyѝareѝ___ѝprisonѝ___ѝnon-violentѝorѝminorѝoffences.ѝ

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