Вопросы для повторения и обсуждения

1. На конкретном примере абсентеизма расскажите о некоторых общих проблемах, которые возникают при определении и измерении переменных, исследуемых в ин­дустриально-организационной психологии. Можно ли облегчить решение этих проблем, если вместо абсентеизма измерять присутствие на работе? Поясните свой ответ.

2. Какие характеристики сотрудников и организации вы бы стали анализировать с целью разделения общей текучести кадров в организации на категории «функци­ональной» и «дисфункциональной» и почему?

3. Основываясь на материале этой главы, составьте небольшой вопросник для оцен­ки преданности организации и наметьте план очень короткого исследования с це­лью испытания этого вопросника.

4. Если вы работаете, перечислите и обсудите несколько способов, с помощью кото­рых ваш работодатель мог бы упростить вам работу, посещение колледжа и вы­полнение других обязанностей. (Если вы не работаете, то, отвечая на этот вопрос, исходите из данных о вашей предыдущей работе или проинтервьюируйте работа­ющего друга или студента из своей группы.)

Основныетермины

гибкость условий работы (workplace flexibility)

детерминанты абсентеизма (determinants of absenteeism)

детерминанты текучести кадров (determinants of turnover)

измерение абсентеизма (absenteeism measurement)

классификация текучести кадров (classification of turnover)

контроль над абсентеизмом (controlling absenteeism)

культура отсутствия на работе (absence culture)

преданность организации (organizational commitment)

процессуальные модели текучести кадров (process models of turnover)

психологический контракт (psychologicalcontract)

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Часть

III

РАБОТА

>

• Планирование работы и условия труда

• Здоровье, безопасность и благополучие работника

• Выполнение работы и его измерение

• Профессиографический анализ и оценка затратности работы

В части III наше внимание переносится с работника на саму работу. В главе 8 обсуждаются общие физические условия труда и планиро­вание работы, рассматриваемые как с физической, так и с психологи­ческой точек зрения. В главе 9 исследуются здоровье и безопасность работника, причем особый упор делается на психологические аспекты условий труда и проблему связанного с работой стресса. Предметом обсуждения главы 10 являются детерминанты и оценка того, как люди выполняют порученную им работу. Часть III завершается главой 11, которая посвящена профессиографическому анализу — процедуре, требующей информации о планировании работы, условиях труда и опасностях, подстерегающих работника, — и оценке сложности работы.