Index

SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS

@ (at sign) function, 291 +PUBLISH command, 872 2D objects. See objects (2D) 21⁄2D objects, 603

3D coordinates

absolute Cartesian, 595 cylindrical, 595, 597 LINE command, 602 relative Cartesian, 595 spherical, 596–597 wireframes, 597–599

Z axis, 594–595 3D drawings

backgrounds, 769–770 landscapes, 771 mappings, 766 realism, 745 rendering, 745–747 scenes, 759–761 shadows, 755–759

3D Kitchen Plus library, 711

3D objects. See also solids aligning, 722–724 arrays, 717–720 chamfering, 729–731 editing, 715–716 elevation, 607–608 exploding, 732 extending, 724–727 filleting, 727–729 grips, 600

mirroring, 715–717 object snaps, 600–602 point filters, 600–602 renaming, 806 rotating, 720–722 trimming, 724

3D orbit

accessing options, 633 camera distance, 640

circular arrow cursor, 634–635 clipping panes, 641–643 continuous orbit, 639

focus, 640

horizontal ellipse cursor, 636–637 maintaining Z axis, 640

panning, 639

parallel views, 641 perspective views, 641 preset views, 641 resetting views, 639 shading, 644

sphere and lines cursor, 635–636 starting, 634

step-by-step, 644–645 uses, 633

vertical ellipse cursor, 636, 638 view height, 641

view width, 641 visual aids, 637–638 zooming, 640

3D polylines, 602

3D shapes

boxes, 671–672 cones, 674–675 dishes, 677 domes, 676 drawing, 671 meshes, 678–681 pyramids, 673–674 spheres, 675–676

tetrahedrons, 673–674 torus, 677–678 wedges, 672–673

3D solids. See solids

3D surfaces

advantages over wireframes, 657 creating, 658–663

drawing, 658–663 edge surfaces, 690–692

extruded surfaces, 685–687 hiding lines, 604 information about, 658 invisible edges, 659–660 polyface meshes

PFACE command, 664–668 3DMESH command, 669–670

revolved surfaces, 681–685 ruled surfaces, 687–690 tabulated surfaces, 685–687 thickness, 603–604 top/bottom, 604

vertices, 658 visible edges, 660

3DFACE command, 658–659

1114 Index A

3DMESH command, 669–670 3DPOLY command, 602 3DS file format, 838

A

abs function, 289, 291 absolute Cartesian coordinates

3D drawing, 595

2D drawing, 51–52 acad2005.cfg file, 890 acad.dcl file, 890 acaddoc.lsp file, 999, 1005 acad2005doc.lsp file, 1005 acad.fmp file, 891 acad.lin file, 891 acad.lsp file, 891, 999, 1005 acad2005.lsp file, 1005 acad.mln file, 891 acad.mnl file, 890 acad.mns file, 890 acad.mnu file, 890 acad.mnu menu file, 945 acad.pat file, 891 acad.pgp file, 889–890 acad.rx file, 891

acad.slb file, 891 acad.unt file, 891

.acb filename extension, 242 accelerators (menu files)

***ACCELERATORS, 957 creating, 978–981 defined, 950

deleting, 980 accessing

AutoCAD commands from within AutoLISP, 1004 external databases, 556

menus, 951

system variables, 91, 276 AccuRender program, 773

ACI (AutoCAD Color Index) system (for lights), 749 ACIS file format, 838

aclt2005.cfg file, 890 aclt.dcl file, 890 aclt.fmp file, 891 aclt.lin file, 891 aclt.mns file, 890 aclt.mnu file, 890 aclt.mnu menu file, 945 aclt.pgp file, 889–890 aclt.psf file, 891 aclt.slb file, 891 aclt.unt file, 891 acos function, 290

ActiveX

AutoLISP, 1031–1038

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1053 Add Plot Style Table Wizard, 473–474 adding

buttons (toolbars), 899–900 materials, 761

records (databases), 569 sheets to sheet sets, 819 solids, 705–706, 710

title blocks, 456

Adjust Material Bitmap Placement dialog box, 766 Aerial View, 131–132

Aerial View toolbar, 131 aliases for commands, 35

ALIGN command, 190–192, 716, 722 aligned dimensions, 346–348 aligning

cells (tables), 323 database column text, 566 dimension text, 386 objects

3D objects, 722–724

2D objects, 190–192 viewports, 467

tolerance text, 398–399 ALIGNSPACE command, 467 altitude (of distant light), 754

Altris eB drawing management program, 808 ambient light, 749

ang(apex,p1,p2) function, 292 angles

dimensions, 354–357 direction, 83–84 hatch patterns, 927 hatches, 429–430 major, 355

minor, 355

polar tracking, 56–59 snap rotation, 143–145 supplemental, 355 types, 83

viewpoints, 625–626 ang(p1,p2) function, 292 angular dimensions, 394

Angularity symbol (tolerances), 408 ang(v) function, 292

annotations, 360–361

apparent intersection object snap, 66 APPLOAD command, 988

applying plot styles, 478–479 ARC command, 110–114 architectural scales, 88 architectural unit type, 81–82

Index A 1115

archiving drawings, 807 sheet sets, 825

arcs

center, 110–111 center marks, 382–383 centerlines, 382–383 dimensions, 352–353 direction, 111

dlines, 447 drawing, 110–114

elliptical arcs, 115–117 endpoint, 111 included angle, 111 length of chord, 111 polylines, 411–413 radius, 111

start point, 110–111 text, 334

ARCTEXT command, 334 area, calculating, 281–284 AREA command, 281–283

arguments in AutoLISP functions, 1008 arithmetic functions (AutoLISP), 995–996 ARRAY command, 183, 715, 717

arrays

base points, 186 blocks, 500 creating, 186–188

polar (circular), 185–186, 718–720 rectangular, 183–184, 717–718

3D objects, 717–720 arrowheads

creating, 382

dimension styles, 378, 381–382 dimensions, 340, 379

leaders, 361

ASCII code value for fonts, 942 asin function, 290

Ask Me tab (help system), 46 assigning

colors

to layers, 241

to lights, 748–749 lineweights, 245

ASSOC function, 1019

associating standards files with drawings, 796–797 associative dimensioning, 340–341, 367 associative hatches, 427, 432

at sign (@) function, 291 atan function, 290 attached labels, 577, 579

attaching

digital signatures, 830

external references, 534–538, 549, 784 materials, 768–769

plot-style tables to layouts, 477 raster images, 845

ATTDEF command, 512 ATTEDIT command, 517, 520 attenuation of light, 750 ATTIN command, 524 ATTOUT command, 524 ATTREQ system variable, 516

Attribute Definition dialog box, 512–513 Attribute Extraction dialog box, 528 Attribute Extraction Wizard, 524–528 attributes (blocks)

constant values, 513 creating, 512–516 defined, 511 editing, 517–524

extracting data, 524–526, 529–531 inserting, 514, 516–517

invisible values, 513 layers, 514

preset values, 513 redefining, 521–522 tags, 513

text, 513 uses, 511–512

verify values, 513 AUDIT command, 833–834

author’s e-mail address, 1075 AutoCAD

differences from AutoCAD LT, 3–4 exiting, 20

fonts, 330–331 installing, 5 interface, 6–10 language support, 3 open architecture, 3 registered users, 3 starting, 5

trial version on CD-ROM, 5 uses, 4

versions, 3

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1047 AutoCAD Color Index (ACI) system (for lights), 749

AutoCAD 2005 folder, 9 AutoCAD LT

AutoLISP, 985

differences from AutoCAD, 3 exiting, 20

fonts, 330–331

Continued

1116 Index A–B

AutoCAD LT (continued) installing, 5 interface, 6–10 starting, 5

trial version on CD-ROM, 5

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1047

AutoCAD LT 2005 folder, 9

AutoCAD 2005 Properties dialog box, 911 Autodesk DWF Viewer, 854, 880–883 Autodesk Web site, 1075

AutoEDMS drawing management program, 808 AutoLISP files

acaddoc.lsp, 999, 1005 acad2005doc.lsp, 1005 acad.lsp, 999, 1005 acad2005.lsp, 1005 closing, 993

creating, 998–1001 loading, 986, 988–989, 1005 opening, 986

AutoLISP programming language acad.lsp file, 891

accessing AutoCAD commands, 1004 ActiveX, 1031–1038

capabilities, 985 command line, 997–998 comments, 1025

comparison with Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1048

conditional statements, 1012–1014 debugging code, 1039–1045

error handling, 1025 functions

arguments, 1008 arithmetic, 995–996

ASSOC, 1019

CADDR, 1011

CADR, 1011

CAR, 1011

CDR, 1011

creating, 1005–1008 DEFUN operator, 1005

ENTGET, 1017

ENTLAST, 1017

ENTMOD, 1019–1020

EQUAL, 1024 GETDIST, 1023 GETINT, 1023 GETREAL, 1023 GETSTRING, 1023

interface function, 1032–1033 LIST, 1012

NTH, 1012 numbers, 997

PRINC, 1024

SSGET, 1020 SSLENGTH, 1020 SSNAME, 1020 S::STARTUP, 1006–1008 strings, 996–997

SUBST, 1019 using, 1008–1009

variables, 1029–1030 lists, 1011–1012

loop structures, 1014–1017 matching properties, 1027 object group codes, 1018–1019 operators

DEFUN, 1005

GETVAR, 1009–1010

SETVAR, 1009–1010 selection sets, 1020–1022 support for, 985

syntax, 995

system variables, 1009–1011 user input, 1022–1024 variables

creating, 1003–1004

global variables, 1029–1030 local variables, 1029–1030 using, 1004

AutoLISP routines Br, 207

characteristics, 990–991 line-by-line explanation, 991 loading, 989–990

Pend, 207 using, 989–990

automation, 1073 Autosave, 807 AutoSnap, 67–68

AutoStack Properties dialog box, 314–315 auxiliary buttons menus, 955

azimuth (of distant light), 754

B

back view, 621–622

Background dialog box, 769–770 Background Mask dialog box, 313 background masks, 313 backgrounds

colors, 769 creating, 769–770 fields, 328 gradient, 769 image, 769 merge, 769 reflection, 770

Index B 1117

refraction, 770	inserting, 488, 494–500, 783
solid, 769	insertion point, 488
backups	layers, 500–503
customizable files, 892	naming, 490, 514
drawings, 834	properties, 507
balloons, 364	rectangular arrays, 500
base points (blocks), 488	redefining, 490
baseline dimensions, 348–352	replacing, 492–493, 507
batch editing with script files, 912	rotation angle, 496
Batch Plotting Utility, 484	saving as a file, 491–493
Batch Standards Checker, 800–801	scale, 496
BATTMAN command, 518	selecting, 500
BHATCH command, 427	shapes, 933
big font files, 943	substituting, 506–507
billing clients, 277–278	tables, 323
Bind Xrefs dialog box, 550	title blocks, 456
binding external references, 550	updating, 506
bitmap (BMP) file format, 838	BLOCKTOXREF command, 550
bi-tonal raster images, 847	BMP (Windows Bitmap) file format, 838
Block Attribute Manager, 518–519	boilerplate text (templates), 23
BLOCK command, 489	Boolean operations, 705
Block Definition dialog box, 489	borders
BLOCKREPLACE command, 507	cells (tables), 323
blocks	raster images, 847
advantages, 487	tables, 322
arrays, 500	bottom view, 620
attributes	boundaries
constant values, 513	creating, 424–426
creating, 512–516	hatches, 431
defined, 511	viewports, 466
editing, 517–524	BOUNDARY command, 282, 423–425, 434
extracting data, 524–526, 529–531	Boundary Creation dialog box, 424–425
inserting, 514, 516–517	boundary edge, 196
invisible values, 513	Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, 427–428, 431–432
layers, 514	Boundary Hatch dialog box, 928
preset values, 513	bounding boxes (shadows), 757
redefining, 521–522	boxes
tags, 513	drawing, 671–672, 695–696
text, 513	solid, 695–696
uses, 511–512	3D shape, 671–672
verify values, 513	Br AutoLISP program, 207
base point, 488	BREAK command, 204–206, 716
converting to external references, 550	break points, 1040–1042
creating, 487, 489–491, 514	break symbol, 207
defined, 487	breaking
deleting, 490	dlines, 447
description, 490	polylines, 415
DesignCenter, 497	breaking objects, 204–206
dimensions, 340	BREAKLINE command, 207
editing, 505–506, 538–540	Breakpoints dialog box, 1041
exploding, 503–505	brightness
Fixblock program, 500	distant light, 753
grips, 505–506	lights, 750–751
hatches, 427, 430	raster images, 846

1118 Index B–C

broken-pencil icon, 609–610

Browse the Web – Open dialog box, 865 bump maps, 766

BURST command, 524 Button Editor, 901–902 buttons section (menu files)

***BUTTONS1, 955, 958–959

***BUTTONS2, 955

***BUTTONS3, 955

***BUTTONS4, 955 customizing, 958–961 deleting, 958 purpose of, 950

buttons (toolbars) adding, 899–900

creating button definitions, 900–901 deleting, 899–900

tool palettes, 788–789 Buzzsaw Web site, 18

C

CAD standards, 798–800, 804–805 CAD Standards tools, 795

CADDR function, 1011 CADR function, 1011 CAL command, 288–293 calculating

area, 281–284 distances, 280–281 perimeter, 281–282

calculator coordinates, 288

fractional inches, 289 functionality, 287

mathematical functions, 290–291 number calculations, 288

object snaps, 287–289 starting, 288

call source point (Visual LISP), 1040 callout blocks, 814–815, 818, 824 canceling commands, 38

caps (dlines), 447 CAR function, 1011

Cartesian coordinate system, 50 CDR function, 1011

CD-ROM, 5

cells (tables), 322–324

CELTSCALE system variable, 268, 276 center marks, 382–383

center object snap, 66 centerlines, 382–383

CHAMFER command, 207–209, 716 chamfered corners, 207–209

chamfering

3D objects, 729–731

2D objects, 207–209 CHANGE command, 169–170

Change Dictionaries dialog box, 336–337 changing

circles, 170

dimension styles, 399, 404–405 groups (of objects), 233–235 lines, 169–170

object’s layer, 253 text styles, 309

Character Map, 313 character sets, 313

Check Spelling dialog box, 335–336 Check Standards dialog box, 797–798 checking

drawings against standards, 797–798 solids, 742

spelling, 335–336

CHECKSTANDARDS command, 797

CHSPACE command, 467 CIRCLE command, 107–110

circle diameter dimensioning symbol, 299 circles

center diameter, 107 center marks, 382–383 center radius, 107 centerlines, 382–383 changing, 170 dimensions, 352–353 drawing, 107–110

tangent, tangent, radius, 108 3 point, 108

2 point, 108

circular arrays, 185–186, 718–720 circular references, 543

Circular runout symbol (tolerances), 408 Circularity symbol (tolerances), 408 civil engineering scales, 89

cleaning solids, 741 Clipboard, 508–511 clipping

external references, 543–545 raster images, 845–846, 848–849

closing

AutoLISP files, 993 DesignCenter, 270 dlines, 447 drawings, 19–20

Multiline Text Editor, 313 polylines, 411, 415 Render window, 775

Index C 1119

splines, 419, 421 toolbars, 33

CMDECHO system variable, 1010–1011 codes

ASCII code value for fonts, 942 direction shape codes, 935–936 length shape codes, 935–936 object group codes, 1018–1019 supplemental codes, 936–938

color books, 242–243 color models, 242–243

color-dependent plot styles, 472, 478 colors

backgrounds, 769 creating, 241–242 dimension styles, 379 dimensions, 379–380 distant light, 755 edges (solids), 740 faces (solids), 737–738 gradient fills, 435 grips, 221

hidden lines, 605–606

Hue, Saturation, Luminance (HSL), 242–243 layers, 239, 241–243, 257

lights, 748–749, 751 materials, 765 objects, 260–262, 264 plot styles, 476

Red, Green, Blue (RGB), 242–243 screen, 241

shading, 630 text, 311

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1057–1058 Columbus drawing management program, 808 columns (databases), 566

columns (tables), 323–324 combining paragraphs, 312 command line

AutoLISP, 997–998 editing, 35

executing commands, 35–36 location of, 8–9

menus, 29

scrolling through entries, 36 system variables, 91

command menus, 968–970

Command: prompt, 8

commands. See also commands by name accessing from within AutoLISP, 1004 aliases, 35

canceling, 38 command line, 35 concurrent, 41–42

customizable files, 892–894 dialog boxes, 31–32

help, 44–48

keyboard shortcuts, 895–897 menus, 29

options, 36–37 redoing, 40–41 repeating, 38

shortcut menus, 30–31

tool palettes, 34–35, 788–789 toolbars, 32–34 transparent, 41–42

undoing, 39–41 comments

AutoLISP, 1025 customizable files, 894–895 hatch patterns, 926

script files, 910 shapes, 934

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1055–1056 Visual LISP (VLISP), 992, 1025

Communication Center, 805–806

Compare Dimension Styles dialog box, 403 comparing dimension styles, 402–403 compass, 627–629

COMPILE command, 933 complete menus, 946 complex linetypes, 923–926

complex objects. See objects by name compressing drawings, 862 Concentricity symbol (tolerances), 408 concurrent commands, 41–42 conditional statements

AutoLISP, 1012–1014

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1062 cones

drawing, 674–675, 697–698 solid, 697–698

3D shape, 674–675

Configure Standards dialog box, 796 configuring

data source, 559–561 databases, 562–563 plotters, 480–481 sheet sets, 820–823 tiled viewports, 138

connecting to

Excel spreadsheets, 562

external databases, 557–561, 563–564 construction lines, 102–103

contacting the author, 1075 Contents tab (help system), 45 context-sensitive menus, 967–970 continued dimensions, 348–352

1120 Index C

continuous hatch patterns, 928 contrast of raster images, 846 control points (splines), 420–421 Convert dialog box, 853–854 CONVERTCTB command, 472 converting

blocks to external references, 550 color-dependent plot styles to named, 472 named plot styles to color-dependent, 472 objects, 853–854

CONVERTPSTYLES command, 472 coordinates

absolute Cartesian, 51–52, 595 calculator, 288

Cartesian coordinate system, 50 direct distance entry, 55–59 displaying

dynamic absolute coordinates (absolute), 59 dynamic polar coordinates (relative), 60 options, 60–61

static absolute coordinates (off), 60 finding, 280–281

Invalid Point message, 51 lists, 1011–1012

locating points

From feature, 78–80

object snap tracking, 73–76 point filters, 77–78

named views, 133 picking on the screen

grid, 63–65

object snaps, 66–73

snap settings, 61–62, 64–65

Point or option keyword required message, 51

polar, 53–55

polar tracking, 56–59 relative Cartesian, 52–55, 595 relative polar, 53–55

3D coordinates

absolute Cartesian, 595 cylindrical, 595, 597 LINE command, 602 relative Cartesian, 595 spherical, 596–597 wireframes, 597–599

Z axis, 594–595 tiled viewports, 137 units

drawing, 50 measurement notation, 50 types, 82

User Coordinate System (UCS) Apply option, 612 broken-pencil icon, 609–610 creating, 145–146, 148, 612–615 Face option, 611

icon, 6, 49, 147–148 naming, 147 objects, 609, 611 options, 146 orientation, 611 origin, 146

Origin option, 611 plan view, 630 restoring, 147 saving, 147 3Point option, 612 using, 149–151 View option, 611 viewpoints, 609

X option, 612 Y option, 612

Z Axis Vector option, 612 Z option, 612

World Coordinate System (WCS), 145 COPY command, 160, 508, 715

copying

dimension styles, 403–404 edges (solids), 739–740 faces (solids), 737 objects

comparison of methods, 508 drag-and-drop, 508–511 between drawings, 162–164 within drawings, 160–162 Windows Clipboard, 508–511

tool palettes, 790

COPYTOLAYER command, 252 corners

chamfered, 207–209 rounded, 209–211

corrupted drawing files, 833–834 cos function, 290

counters, 1016–1017 counting layers, 252 crashes, 832–834

Create New Dimension Style dialog box, 377–378 Create New Table Style dialog box, 320

Create Transmittal dialog box, 862, 865

CreateDate field, 328 creating

arrays, 186–188 arrowheads, 382

attributes (blocks), 512–516 AutoLISP files, 998–1001

Index C 1121

AutoLISP functions, 1005–1008 AutoLISP variables, 1003–1004 backgrounds, 769–770

blocks, 487, 489–491, 514 boundaries, 424–426 buttons (toolbars), 900–901 colors, 241–242

dialog boxes, 1065–1066 dimension styles, 377–379 distant light, 754–755 dlines, 447

drawings

step-by-step, 5, 11–16 from a template, 21–22

DWF (Design Web Format) files, 871–874 fields, 327–330

flyouts (toolbars), 902–903 folders, 9–10

fonts, 942–943 gradient fills, 435–436

groups (of objects), 232–235 hatch patterns, 926–931 hatches, 426–427, 438 hidden lines, 604 hyperlinks, 867–870 keyboard shortcuts, 978–981

keyboard shortcuts for commands, 895–897 labels, 577, 580

landscapes, 771 layer index, 546–547

layers, 238–240, 246–247 leaders, 359–364

lights, 748, 757–758 linetypes, 244, 921–926

links to external databases, 572, 576 lists, 1012

materials, 763–764, 767 multiline text, 310, 317–318 multilines, 439, 444–445 object snaps, 66

page setups, 461

plot styles, 471–472, 478–479 plot-style tables, 472–474 polylines, 411–414

queries, 584, 586–587 regions, 422–424 revision cloud, 212–213 scenes, 759–761

script files, 909–910, 914 selection filters, 225–229 selection sets, 1021 shadows, 755–759 shapes, 933–938, 941–942

sheet sets, 811–813, 820–823

single-line text, 300–301 slide libraries, 918 slides, 915–916

spatial index, 546 splines, 418–420 spotlight, 751–752

status-line help messages, 977 table styles, 320–321

tables, 319–320, 325–326 templates, 24

text styles, 305, 308 3D polylines, 602

3D surfaces, 658–663

tool palettes, 787–789, 792–794, 907 toolbars, 899

User Coordinate System (UCS), 145–146, 148, 612–615

VBA programs, 1058–1059 viewpoints, 619 viewports

floating, 462–464 tiled, 138–140, 142

views, 133–134 crosshair size (of cursor), 61 crosshairs, 7–8

crossing intersections (multilines), 446

.ctb filename extension, 472 cur function, 291

current layer, 248, 253

current object linetype scale, 268 cursor crosshair size, 61 customizable files, 890–895 Customize dialog box, 898 customizing

AutoSnap, 68 grips, 221 menus, 950–951

object selection process, 177–178 polar tracking, 57–58

right-click, 30

spelling dictionary, 336–338 templates, 23–24

tool palettes, 787, 907–908

toolbars, 8, 32, 898, 903–905, 970–972 User Coordinate System (UCS) icon, 148

cutting edge, 193 cutting multilines, 446

cycling through objects, 174

Cyco AutoManager Workflow EDM drawing management program, 808

cylinders, 697

cylindrical coordinates, 595, 597 Cylindricity symbol (tolerances), 408

1122 Index D

D

d2r function, 291 data

embedding, 850–851, 857–858 linking, 856–859

pasting, 852–853, 857–858 data entry for tables, 322–323

Data Link Properties dialog box, 561 databases

catalog, 557 columns, 566 configuring, 562–563

connecting to, 557–561, 563–564 data source, 559–561

Data View Window, 568–569

Database Management System (DBMS), 556 defined, 556

environment, 557

external database access, 556 fields, 556

grid header, 570 labels

attached, 577, 579 creating, 577, 580 defined, 577

freestanding, 577, 579–580 templates, 577–580

link templates, 570–572 links

creating, 572, 576 deleting, 573 editing, 574

exporting link information, 574–575 viewing, 576–577

viewing linked objects and rows, 573–574 objects, 557

queries

creating, 584, 586–587 deleting, 589

editing, 588 exporting, 589 importing, 589

Link Select, 587–588 operators, 582

Query Builder, 583–585

Query Editor, 580–581 Quick Query tab, 582 Range Query tab, 583 renaming, 589 storing, 588

Structured Query Language (SQL), 585–586 records

adding, 569 defined, 556

deleting, 569 editing, 569–570 finding, 567 searching, 567 sorting, 566–567

relational, 556 schema, 557 structure, 558–559

Structured Query Language (SQL), 556, 580–581, 585–586

supported databases, 556 tables, 556, 565–566 uses, 555

date, 328 Date field, 328

dbConnect Manager, 564 DBLCKLEDIT command, 214

DBMS (Database Management System), 556 DC Online, 784

DCL (Dialog Control Language) file, 890 DDEDIT command, 517

DDVPOINT command, 624–626 debugging code

AutoLISP

break points, 1040–1043 defined, 1039

Error Trace window, 1040 step-by-step, 1039–1040 Watch window, 1043–1045

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1074–1075 decimal degrees angle type, 83

decimal unit type, 81 default layer (layer 0), 238 default lineweight, 245 default rendering, 746–747 default settings

limits, 85 templates, 21–22

DEFUN operator, 1005 deg/min/sec angle type, 83 degree symbol, 299 DELAY command, 916 deleting

blocks, 490

break points, 1041

buttons (toolbars), 899–900 cell contents from tables, 324 columns (tables), 324

faces (solids), 735 layer states, 251 layers, 252, 257 layouts, 459

links to external databases, 573 materials, 762

Index D 1123

menu file sections, 958 named views, 134 objects, 207

plot styles, 476 queries, 589

records (databases), 569 rows (tables), 324

sheets from sheet sets, 819 text styles, 307

tiled viewports, 140 tool palettes, 790, 908 vertices (polylines), 416 Web pages, 879

DELOBJ system variable, 423, 701, 704 demand loading, 545

dependent symbols in external references, 542 descriptions

blocks, 490

hatch patterns, 927 layer states, 250 layers, 240 linetypes, 921 named views, 135 plot styles, 476 sheet sets, 814

Design Web Format (DWF) files advantages, 870–871

Autodesk DWF Viewer, 880–883 creating, 871–874

exporting, 838 hyperlinks, 881 Markup Manager, 883 plotting, 882–883 printing, 882–883 reviewing, 883 settings, 877–879

viewing, 879–881, 883–884 DesignCenter

blocks, 497 closing, 270

DC Online content, 784 displaying, 785 external references, 551 Favorites folder, 782 features, 780

Folders tab, 780 layers, 270 linetypes, 270

mining your design, 779 navigating, 780–781 opening, 270, 780 opening drawings, 26 Search feature, 781–782 using, 785–786

detaching

external references, 549 raster images, 845

Developer Help (help system), 47 deviation tolerances, 397

dialog boxes

controls, 1067–1071 creating, 1065–1066

Dialog Control Language (DCL) file, 890 labels (for controls), 1069

naming, 1066 properties, 1066–1067

question mark (?) icon, 31 using, 31–32

Dialog Control Language (DCL) file, 890 diameter dimensions, 353, 355–357 dictionaries (spell check), 336–338 DIESEL programming language, 972 diffuse reflection on materials, 765 Digital Signature Verifier, 830

digital signatures, 829–830 digitizing drawings, 450–451 digitizing tablet, 42–44 DIMALIGNED command, 346 DIMANGULAR command, 356 DIMASSOC system variable, 341, 367

DIMDISASSOCIATE command, 369

DIMEDIT command, 369–371

dimension lines. See dimension styles, lines; dimensions, lines

Dimension Style Manager, 377–378 dimension styles

angular dimensions, 394 arrowheads, 378, 381–382 center marks, 382–383 centerlines, 382–383 changing, 399, 404–405 colors, 379

comparing, 402–403 copying, 403–404 creating, 377–379 exporting, 404 extension lines, 380–381 fit, 378, 387–389, 391–392 importing, 404 inserting, 784

linear dimensions, 393 lines, 379–380 modifying, 400–401 naming, 377 overriding, 401 previewing, 377 saving, 404

Continued

1124 Index D

dimension styles (continued)	direction
scale, 390–391	angles, 83–84
step-by-step, 383–384	arcs, 111
text, 378, 384–387	tables, 322
text placement, 389–390	Direction Control dialog box, 83–84
tolerances, 379, 396–399	direction shape codes, 935–936
units (alternate), 395	disassociating dimensions, 369
units (primary), 379, 392, 394–396	dishes (3D shape), 677
variants, 399–400	display screen
Dimension toolbar, 341	Aerial View, 131–132
dimensions	named views, 132–137
aligned, 346–348	panning, 124
angle of text, 345	redrawing drawings, 123
angles, 354–357	regenerating drawings, 123
arcs, 352–353	scroll bars, 125
arrowheads, 340, 379	snap rotation, 143–145
associating, 367	tiled viewports, 137–143
associative dimensioning, 340–341	virtual screen, 123
baseline, 348–352	zooming in/out, 126–130
blocks, 340	displaying
circles, 352–353	coordinates
colors, 379–380	dynamic absolute coordinates (absolute), 59
continued, 348–352	dynamic polar coordinates (relative), 60
diameter, 353, 355–357	options, 60–61
disassociating, 369	static absolute coordinates (off), 60
editing, 344, 367–376	DesignCenter, 785
extension lines, 339–340	external references, 545, 547–549
formatting, 340	hatches, 432
grips, 373–375	lineweights, 245
horizontal, 345	named views, 134
layers, 340	solids, 694–695
linear, 341–343	tables (database), 566
lines, 340, 379	tool palettes, 791
ordinate, 357–359	toolbars, 33
paper space layout, 468	DISPSILH system variable, 695
Quick Dimension feature, 365–367	DIST command, 280
radial, 353, 355–357	distances, calculating, 280–281
reassociating, 368	distant light, 753–755
rotating, 345–346	dist(p1,p2) function, 291
system variables, 402	DIVIDE command, 285–287
text, 340, 344, 371–372	dividing objects, 285–287
updating, 402	dlines, 447
vertical, 345	docking toolbars, 33
DIMEX command, 404	documentation, 45
DIMIM command, 404	domes, 676
DIMLINEAR command, 343	DONUT command, 117–118
DIMOVERRIDE command, 402	donuts. See also torus
DIMREASSOCIATE command, 368	center, 118
DIMREGEN command, 369	drawing, 117–118, 120–121
DIMSTYLE command, 402	fills, 118
DIMTEDIT command, 370–371	inside diameter, 118
direct distance entry (of coordinates), 55–59	outside diameter, 118
	dotted pairs (lists), 1012
	double lines, 447

Index D 1125

double-clicking objects, 214	closing, 19–20
DOUGHNUT command, 117–118	compressing, 862
dpl(p,p1,p2) function, 291	creating
draft plots, 453–454	step-by-step, 5, 11–16
Drafting Settings dialog box, 57	from a template, 21–22
Draw toolbar, 9	digitizing, 450–451
drawing	editing, 155
arcs, 110–114	exporting
boxes, 671–672, 695–696	acceptable file formats, 838
circles, 107–110	DXF format, 838–839
cones, 674–675, 697–698	step-by-step, 839–840
cylinders, 697	WMF files, 840–841
dishes, 677	finding, 781–782, 807–808
dlines, 447	information about, 275–276, 278–279
domes, 676	inserting
donuts, 117–118, 120–121	into other drawings, 783
ellipses, 114–117	into PowerPoint, 855–856
elliptical arcs, 115–117	limits, 85–86
freehand, 447–450	naming, 18
isometric, 151–154	opening
lines	with default settings, 24–25
basic lines, 97–98	from the DesignCenter, 26, 783
construction lines, 102–103	existing drawings, 25–26
LINE command, 97–98	partially, 136–137
rays, 104–105	from the Sheet Set Manager, 26
xlines, 102–103	step-by-step, 26
meshes, 678–681	from a template, 22–23
multilines, 439, 444–445	organizing, 238
points, 120–121	orientation, 86
polygons, 100–101	pasting, 855–856
polylines, 411–414	plotting
pyramids, 673–674	in the background, 483
rectangles, 98–99, 101	Batch Plotting Utility, 484
solids, 700–701	choosing a plotter/printer, 482
spheres, 675–676, 696	draft plots, 453–454
splines, 418–420	model space, 454
tetrahedrons, 673–674	paper space, 454–462
3D surfaces, 658–659, 661–663	Plot and Publish Details report, 483
torus, 677–678, 699–700	preparation, 479, 481
units, 50	previewing your plot, 482
wedges, 672–673, 698–699	step-by-step, 483
windows, 11–14	previewing, 16–17
drawing area, 6–7	printing, 14
drawing interchange file (DXF) format	prior release drawings, 834–835
exporting, 838–839	properties, 808–809
importing, 841	prototypes, 26–27
inserting, 841	redrawing, 123
Drawing Limits command (Format menu), 85	regenerating, 123
drawing units. See unit types; units (of measurement)	renaming, 27–28
Drawing Units dialog box, 82–83	revision cloud, 212–213
drawings	saving, 11, 18–19, 27–28
archiving, 807	scale, 86–90
associating with standards file, 796–797	searching, 781–782, 807–808
backups, 834	Continued

1126 Index D–E

drawings (continued)	break points, 1041
sending	command line, 35
by e-mail, 862	customizable files, 891–892
by eTransmit, 862–865	dimensions, 344, 367–376
by fax, 861	drawings, 155
by FTP, 862	edges (solids), 739
slides, 915	external references, 538–542
templates, 17	faces (solids), 738–739
title blocks, 90–91	fields, 328
tracking drawing time, 277–278	gradient fills, 437
views	hatches, 436–438
Aerial View, 131–132	hyperlinks, 869
external references, 533	in-place, 538–539
named views, 132–137	landscapes, 771
panning, 124–125	links to external databases, 574
scrolling, 125	multilines, 445–447
snap rotation, 143–145	named views, 135
tiled viewports, 137–139, 141–143	plot-style tables, 474–476
zooming in/out, 126–130	polylines, 414–418
DRAWORDER command, 848	queries, 588
DTEXT command, 295–296, 300–301	records (databases), 569–570
DVIEW command, 133, 645–652	selection filters, 230
DWF Composer, 883	shapes, 942
DWF (Design Web Format) files	solids, 732, 742–743
advantages, 870–871	splines, 420–422
Autodesk DWF Viewer, 880–883	system variables, 91
creating, 871–874	tables (databases), 565
exporting, 838	text
hyperlinks, 881	multiline text, 316–317
Markup Manager, 883	single-line text, 301–304
plotting, 882–883	tables, 323
printing, 882–883	text editing window, 15–16
reviewing, 883	3D objects, 715–716
settings, 877–879	3D polylines, 602
viewing, 879–881, 883–884	3D wireframes, 597
DWGCHECK system variable, 833	tolerance frames, 408
DXB file format, 838	tracking editing time, 278
DXF (drawing interchange file) format	2D objects, 214
exporting, 838–839	vertices (polylines), 415
importing, 841	Web pages, 879
inserting, 841	EDITTIME command, 278
E	Element Properties dialog box, 440
	ELEV command, 603, 607
EATTEDIT command, 519	elevation (3D objects), 607–608
EDGE command, 660	ELLIPSE command, 115
edge surfaces, 690–692	ellipses, 114–117
edges (solids), 739–740	elliptical arcs, 115–117
EDGESURF command, 690–691	e-mail address for author, 1075
Edit Attributes dialog box, 518–520	e-mailing drawings, 862
Edit Text dialog box, 302	embedding OLE objects, 850–851, 857–858
editing	Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file format, 838
attributes (blocks), 517–524	endpoint object snap, 66, 70
batch editing with script files, 912	engineering unit type, 81–82
blocks, 505–506, 538–540	Enhanced Attribute Editor, 519–520

Index E 1127

Enter Attributes dialog box, 517	CHSPACE command, 467
entering coordinates	COPYTOLAYER command, 252
absolute Cartesian, 51–52	DIMEX command, 404
direct distance entry, 55–59	DIMIM command, 404
Invalid Point message, 51	EDITTIME command, 278
Point or option keyword required	EXPLAN command, 630
message, 51	LAYCUR command, 252
polar, 53–55	LAYDEL command, 252
relative Cartesian, 52–55	LAYFRZ command, 252
relative polar, 53–55	LAYISO command, 252
entering data into tables, 322–323	LAYLCK command, 252
ENTGET function, 1017	LAYMCH command, 252
ENTLAST function, 1017	LAYMRG command, 252
ENTMOD function, 1019–1020	LAYOFF command, 252
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) file format, 838	LAYON command, 252
EQUAL function, 1024	LAYTHW command, 252
ERASE command, 156, 715	LAYULK command, 252
erasing objects, 156–157	LAYVPI command, 252
error handling	LAYWALK command, 252
AutoLISP, 1025	MKLTYPE command, 925
Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1074–1075	MKSHAPE command, 940
Error Trace window (Visual LISP), 1040	MOVEBAK command, 834
eTransmit, 825, 862–865	PROPULATE command, 809
Excel spreadsheets, connecting to, 562	REPURLS command, 870
exiting AutoCAD/AutoCAD LT, 20	RTEXT command, 333
exp function, 291	RTUCS command, 609
exp10 function, 291	SHOWURLS command, 870
EXPLAN command, 630	SUPERHATCH command, 430
EXPLODE command, 503, 716, 732	TCASE command, 334
exploding	TCIRCLE command, 334
blocks, 503–505	TCOUNT command, 334
3D objects, 732	TEXTFIT command, 333
Export Data dialog box, 839–840	TEXTMASK command, 333
exporting	TEXTUNMASK command, 333
dimension styles, 404	TORIENT command, 334
drawings	TXT2MTXT command, 333
acceptable file formats, 838	TXTEXP command, 333
DXF format, 838–839	VPSCALE command, 467
step-by-step, 839–840	VPSYNC command, 467
WMF files, 840–841	XLIST command, 507, 550
layer states, 251	EXTEND command, 196–197, 199, 716, 724
link information from external databases, 574–575	extending
materials, 762	3D objects, 724–727
queries, 589	2D objects, 196–199
tables, 324–325	extension lines
tool palettes, 790, 908	dimension styles, 380–381
Express Tools	dimensions, 339–340
ALIGNSPACE command, 467	extension object snap, 66
ARCTEXT command, 334	external databases
ATTIN command, 524	accessing, 556
ATTOUT command, 524	catalog, 557
BLOCKREPLACE command, 507	columns, 566
BLOCKTOXREF command, 550	configuring, 562–563
BURST command, 524	Continued

1128 Index E–F

external databases (continued) connecting to, 557–561, 563–564 data source, 559–561

Data View Window, 568–569

Database Management System (DBMS), 556 defined, 556

environment, 557 fields, 556

grid header, 570 labels

attached, 577, 579 creating, 577, 580 defined, 577

freestanding, 577, 579–580 templates, 577–580

link templates, 570–572 links

creating, 572, 576 deleting, 573 editing, 574

exporting link information, 574–575 viewing, 576–577

viewing linked objects and rows, 573–574 objects, 557

queries

creating, 584, 586–587 deleting, 589

editing, 588 exporting, 589 importing, 589

Link Select, 587–588 operators, 582

Query Builder, 583–585

Query Editor, 580–581 Quick Query tab, 582 Range Query tab, 583 renaming, 589 storing, 588

Structured Query Language (SQL), 585–586 records

adding, 569 defined, 556 deleting, 569 editing, 569–570 finding, 567 searching, 567 sorting, 566–567

relational databases, 556 schema, 557

structure, 558–559

Structured Query Language (SQL), 556, 580–581, 585–586

supported databases, 556

tables, 556, 565–566 uses, 555

External Reference dialog box, 534–535 external references

advantages, 533

attaching, 534–538, 549, 784 attachments, 534

binding, 550

circular references, 543 clipping, 543–545

converting blocks to external references, 550 demand loading, 545

dependent symbols, 542 DesignCenter, 551 detaching, 549

displaying large external references, 545, 547–549 editing, 538–542

finding, 536, 550 hatches, 430

importing symbols, 542–543 indexes, 546–547

inserting, 550–551 layers, 542

log files, 552 managing, 552–553

notification of changes, 550–551 opening, 535–536, 550 overlaying, 784

overlays, 534 paths, 535 properties, 550 reloading, 549 searching, 536 unloading, 549 uses, 533

viewing relationships, 536 Xref Manager, 549–550

extracting data from attributes, 524–526, 529–531 EXTRUDE command, 701

extruded solids, 701–704, 709 extruded surfaces, 685–687 extruding faces (solids), 733–734

F

faces (solids) colors, 737–738 copying, 737 deleting, 735

editing, 732–733, 738–739 extruding, 733–734 moving, 734

offsetting, 734–735 rotating, 735 tapering, 736–737

Index F 1129

FACETRATIO system variable, 631	MNS, 946, 950–951
fade of raster images, 846	MNU, 946
falloff (spotlight), 751–753	POP menus, 950, 956–957, 961–970
FASTSELECT command, 226	replacing partial menus, 965
Favorites folder, 18–19	screen menu, 950, 957, 976
Favorites tab (help system), 46	tablet menus, 950, 957, 975–976
faxing drawings, 861	toolbar menus, 950, 957, 970–972
Field dialog box, 327	unloading, 946, 948–949
fields	script files
backgrounds, 328	batch editing, 912
CreateDate, 328	characteristics, 909
creating, 327–330	comments, 910
databases, 556	creating, 909–910, 914
Date, 328	defined, 909
editing, 328	multi-cleanup.scr, 913–914
hyperlinks, 328	pausing, 916
inserting, 326–330	repeating, 916
title blocks, 328	resuming, 916
updating, 328–329	running, 911–914
uses, 326	saving, 910
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 862	*.scr (customizable), 891
FILEDIA system variable, 894, 909–910, 965, 972, 1010	.scr filename extension, 909
files	slide libraries, 918
AutoLISP files	slide shows, 915–917
acaddoc.lsp, 999, 1005	spaces, 909–910
acad2005doc.lsp, 1005	shape files, 891
acad.lsp, 999, 1005	standards file, 796–797
acad2005.lsp, 1005	support-file search path, 946
closing, 993	temporary files, 832–833
creating, 998–1001	FILL system variable, 432
loading, 986, 988–989, 1005	FILLET command, 209–212, 716, 727–728
opening, 986	filleting
corrupted drawing files, 833–834	3D objects, 727–729
customizable files, 890–895	2D objects, 211–212
Dialog Control Language (DCL) file, 890	fills
importing	donuts, 118
DXF format, 841	gradients, 435–437
WMF files, 842	solid, 438–439
inserting, 494–496	FILTER command, 226
menu files	filters
acad.mnu, 945	layer list, 255–256
accelerators, 950, 957, 978–981	point filters
aclt.mnu, 945	3D drawing, 601–602
auxiliary buttons menus, 955	2D objects, 77–78
buttons section, 950, 955, 958–961	selection filters, 224–231
deleting sections, 958	Find and Replace dialog box, 334–335
helpstrings, 950, 957, 976–977	FIND command, 334
image menus, 950, 957	finding
image-tile menus, 973–975	coordinates, 281
keyboard shortcuts, 950, 957, 978–981	drawings, 781–782, 807–808
loading, 946–949	external references, 536, 550
MNC, 946	number of objects in a drawing, 275
MNL, 946	records (databases), 567
MNR, 946	text, 312, 334–335

1130 Index F

fit points (splines), 420–422 Fixblock program, 500

Flatness symbol (tolerances), 408 floating toolbars, 33

floating viewports aligning objects, 467 boundaries, 466 creating, 462–464 hidden views, 466–467 layer visibility, 466 named views, 132 maximizing, 464–465 minimizing, 465 polygonal, 464 properties, 462

scale, 465, 467

shaded views, 466–467 synchronizing, 467 uses, 140

views, 464 flyouts

creating, 902–903 tool palettes, 35 toolbars, 33

fog, 771

Fog/Depth Cue dialog box, 771 folders

AutoCAD 2005, 9 AutoCAD LT 2005, 9 creating, 9–10

Favorites, 18–19

My Documents, 18 Font Mapping File, 331 font mapping file, 891 fonts

ASCII code value, 942 AutoCAD, 330–331 AutoCAD LT, 330–331 baseline extension, 943 big font files, 943 creating, 942–943

line feed (LF), 943 lowercase, 942 shapes, 938–940

spacing between letters, 943 text styles, 306

TrueType, 306

Unicode, 943 uppercase, 942

Format Options dialog box, 1025–1026 Format Painter, 270

formatting dimensions, 340 tables, 320–322 text, 311

fractional inches, 289 fractional unit type, 81 fractions, 311, 314–315

frames (raster images), 847, 849 freehand drawing, 447–450 freestanding labels, 577, 579–580 freezing

columns (databases), 566 layers, 239, 249, 252, 331

From feature, 79–80 front view, 620, 622 frozen layers, 238

FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 862 FTP locations, 19

functions AutoLISP

arguments, 1008 arithmetic, 995–996

ASSOC, 1019

CADDR, 1011

CADR, 1011

CAR, 1011

CDR, 1011

creating, 1005–1008 DEFUN operator, 1005

ENTGET, 1017

ENTLAST, 1017

ENTMOD, 1019–1020

EQUAL, 1024 GETDIST, 1023 GETINT, 1023 GETREAL, 1023 GETSTRING, 1023

interface function, 1032–1033 LIST, 1012

NTH, 1012 numbers, 997

PRINC, 1024

SSGET, 1020 SSLENGTH, 1020 SSNAME, 1020 S::STARTUP, 1006–1008 strings, 996–997

SUBST, 1019 using, 1008–1009

variables, 1029–1030 CAL (calculator), 289–292

Index F–H 1131

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) defined, 1054, 1061

using, 1072, 1074 VAL, 1071

fuzz distance of polylines, 416

G

gap (hidden lines), 606 gap tolerance

gradient fills, 436 hatches, 434

GeomCurves.lsp program, 420 Geometric Tolerance dialog box, 406 geometric tolerances, 406–409 GETDIST function, 1023

GETINT function, 1023 GETREAL function, 1023 GETSEL command, 226 GETSTRING function, 1023

getting system variables, 1009–1010 GETVAR operator, 1009–1010

global variables, 1029–1030 grab bars (toolbars), 33 gradians angle type, 83 gradient backgrounds, 769 gradient fills

colors, 435 creating, 435–436 editing, 437

gap tolerance, 436 granite material, 764 grid

Grid too dense to display message, 63 isometric drawing, 152

setting size, 63 turning on/off, 63 X spacing, 63

Y spacing, 63 GRID command, 61 grid header, 570 grid snap, 61–62 grips

activating, 215 blocks, 505–506 colors, 221 customizing, 221 dimensions, 373–375

editing objects, 219–221 hot grip, 215

mirroring objects, 218–219 moving objects, 217 multilines, 446

polylines, 416

rotating objects, 217–218 scaling objects, 218 size, 221

splines, 422

stretching objects, 215–216 tables, 324

3D drawing, 600 turning on/off, 221 uses, 214

grouping

objects, 231–235 tool palettes, 908

H

halfwidth of polylines, 412 HALOGAP system variable, 606 handling errors

AutoLISP, 1025

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1074–1075 Hatch Edit dialog box, 436–437

hatches

acad.pat file, 891 angles, 429–430, 927 associative, 427, 432 blocks, 427, 430 boundaries, 431 boundary set, 431 boundary style, 433 comments, 926 continuous, 928

creating, 426–427, 438, 926–931 custom, 428

dash, 927 defined, 426, 926 delta-x, 927–929 delta-y, 927, 929 description, 927 displaying, 432 drafting, 426

drag and drop, 434–435 editing, 436–438 external references, 430 gap tolerance, 434

Hatch Pattern palette, 428–429 island detection, 431, 434 islands, 432–434

ISO hatches, 430 layers, 427 noncontinuous, 928 predefined, 428 previewing, 431–432 raster images, 430

Continued

1132 Index H–I

hatches (continued) scale, 429 selecting, 437 shapes, 926 solid, 438–439 spacing, 430 text, 432, 926 trimming, 437

user defined, 428, 430 wipeouts, 430 X-origin, 927 Y-origin, 927

height of text, 298 help

Ask Me tab, 46 commands, 44–45 Contents tab, 45 Developer Help, 47 Favorites tab, 46 Index tab, 45

Info palette, 46–47 Online Resources, 47 screens, 46

Search tab, 46

status-line help messages, 976–977 step-by-step, 47–48

system variables, 91 user documentation, 45

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1052–1053 Visual LISP (VLISP), 993–995

helpstrings (menu files), 950, 957, 976–977 Hidden Line Settings dialog box, 605 hidden lines, 604–606

hidden views (floating viewports), 466–467 HIDE command, 604–605

hiding

columns (databases), 566 lines, 604–606

objects, 213–214 text, 606

Text window, 9 toolbars, 33

HLSETTINGS command, 605 horizontal dimensions, 345 hot grip, 215

hotspot (spotlight), 751–753

HSL (Hue, Saturation, Luminance), 242–243 Hue, Saturation, Luminance (HSL), 242–243 hyperlinks

creating, 867–870

DWF (Design Web Format) files, 881 editing, 869

fields, 328 listing, 870

opening, 868–869 replacing, 870 using, 868–869

I

ID command, 280

i-drop-enabled Web sites, 866–867 IF statements, 1012–1014, 1016 ill(p1,p2,p3,p4) function, 292 Image Adjust dialog box, 846–847 image backgrounds, 769

Image dialog box, 844 Image Manager, 844–845 image menus, 950, 957

IMAGEADJUST command, 846

IMAGEFRAME command, 847

IMAGEQUALITY command, 847 images. See raster images image-tile menus, 973–975

Import PCP or PC2 Settings Wizard, 462 importing

dimension styles, 404 files, 841–842

layer states, 251 layouts, 459 materials, 762–763 plot settings, 462 queries, 589 raster images, 843

rendered images, 774 sheet sets, 820 spreadsheets, 322

symbols (external references), 542–543 text, 313, 317

text styles, 309 tool palettes, 908

imprinting solids, 740–741 indenting text, 312

Indents and Tabs dialog box, 312 Index tab (help system), 45 indexes

layer index, 545–547 spatial index, 545–546

Info palette (help system), 46–47 in-place editing, 538–539

input from users AutoLISP, 1022–1024

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1062–1064, 1071

Insert a Block in a Table Cell dialog box, 323 INSERT command, 494

Insert dialog box, 494

Insert Hyperlink dialog box, 867–868 Insert Sheet List Table dialog box, 826

Index I–L 1133

Insert Table dialog box, 319	INTERFERE command, 707–708
inserting	International Standards Organization (ISO)
attributes (blocks), 514, 516–517	dimension text, 386
AutoCAD as an ActiveX component into	hatches, 430
PowerPoint, 854–856	linetypes, 266
blocks, 323, 488, 494–500, 783	Internet
columns (tables), 323	i-drop-enabled Web sites, 866–867
DC Online content, 784	opening drawings, 865–866
dimension styles, 784	Publish to Web Wizard, 874–877
drawings, 783	INTERSECT command, 707
external references, 550–551	intersection object snap, 66
fields, 326–330	INTERSECTIONCOLOR system variable, 605
files, 494–496	INTERSECTIONDISPLAY system variable, 605
layers, 784	intersections
layouts, 784	multilines, 446
linetypes, 784	solids, 707
raster images, 783, 843–844	Invalid Point message, 51
rows (tables), 324	inverse linear attenuation (light), 750
shapes, 934	inverse square attenuation (light), 750
symbols, 313	island detection, 431, 434
table styles, 784	islands (hatches), 432–434
tables, 319–320	ISO (International Standards Organization)
text styles, 784	dimension text, 386
vertices (polylines), 415	hatches, 430
insertion object snap, 67	linetypes, 266
insertion point	isolating layers, 252
blocks, 488	ISOLINES system variable, 694
tables, 319	isometric drawing, 151–154
text, 296	isometric mode, 152
INSERTOBJ command, 850–851	isometric planes, 151–152
Inspect dialog box, 1018	ISOPLANE command, 151
installing	J
AutoCAD/AutoCAD LT, 5
color books, 242	joining polylines, 415–416
database connectivity, 557–558	jointypes of polylines, 416
Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack, 560	JPG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) file format, 838
IntelliMouse pointing devices, 124, 126	jumping to break points, 1041
intensity	justifying
distant light, 753	multilines, 444
light, 750–751	text, 296–298, 303, 312
interface	JUSTIFYTEXT command, 303
command line, 8–9	K
crosshairs, 7–8
dialog boxes, 31–32	keyboard shortcuts
drawing area, 6–7	creating, 895–897
menu bar, 8	menu files, 950, 957, 978–981
shortcut menus, 30–31	L
status bar, 9
title bar, 8	label blocks, 814, 818
tool palettes, 34–35	labels
toolbars, 8–10, 32–33	databases
User Coordinate System (UCS) icon, 6	attached, 577, 579
Visual LISP (VLISP), 987, 991–993	creating, 577, 580
interface function, 1032–1033	Continued

1134 Index L

labels, databases (continued) defined, 577

freestanding, 577, 579–580 templates, 577–580

menu items, 951–952 landscape orientation, 86 landscapes, 771 language support, 3 LAYCUR command, 252 LAYDEL command, 252

Layer Filter Properties dialog box, 256 layer index, 545–547

Layer Properties Manager, 239–240 Layer Properties Manager dialog box, 239 layer states

deleting, 251 descriptions, 250 exporting, 251 frozen, 238 importing, 251 locked, 238 naming, 250

not plottable, 238, 240, 249 on/off, 238–239, 248 plottable, 238, 240, 249 renaming, 251

restoring, 251 saving, 250–251 thawed, 238 unlocked, 238

Layer States Manager dialog box, 250–251 layers

attributes (blocks), 514 blocks, 500–503

changing an object’s layer, 253 colors, 239, 241–243, 257 counting, 252

creating, 238–240, 246–247 current, 248, 253

default layer (layer 0), 238 defined, 237

deleting, 252, 257 descriptions, 240 DesignCenter, 270 dimensions, 340 external references, 542

filtering the layer list, 255–256 freezing, 239, 249, 252 hatches, 427

inserting, 784 isolating, 252

Layer Control drop-down list, 247–248 linetypes, 240, 244–245, 257

lineweights, 240, 245–246, 257 listing, 248

listing objects by layer, 252 locking, 239, 249, 252 merging, 252

modifying, 255, 259 named views, 133, 135 naming, 238–241, 257

plot styles, 238, 240, 471, 477–478 purging unused layers, 252, 257–258 renaming, 257

sorting, 255 status, 239

step-by-step, 253–255 switching the current layer, 248 text, 331

thawing, 239, 249, 252 translating, 802–804 turning on/off, 248, 252 unlocking, 239, 249, 252 uses, 238

using, 247–248 Layers toolbar, 239 LAYFRZ command, 252 LAYISO command, 252 LAYLCK command, 252 LAYMCH command, 252 LAYMRG command, 252 LAYOFF command, 252 LAYON command, 252 Layout Wizard, 454–459

LAYOUTMERGE command, 467 layouts

attaching plot-style tables, 477 inserting, 784

merging, 467 model space

defined, 454

moving objects to paper space, 467 returning to from paper space, 464–465

paper space deleting, 459 dimensions, 468

floating viewports, 456–457, 462–464 importing, 459

layout tabs, 459–460 Layout Wizard, 454–459

moving objects from model space, 467 naming, 455

Page Setup Manager, 460–461 page setups, 460–462 renaming, 460

step-by-step, 469–471

Index L 1135

templates, 459	linear dimensions, 341–343, 393
text, 467	lines. See also polylines
templates, 468–469	chamfering, 208–209
LAYTHW command, 252	changing, 169–170
LAYTRANS command, 802	construction lines, 102–103
LAYULK command, 252	dimension styles, 379–380
LAYVPI command, 252	dimensions, 379
LAYWALK command, 252	dlines, 447
LEADER command, 360	drawing, 97–98
Leader Settings dialog box, 360–362	endpoints, 169–170
leaders	freehand drawing, 448–449
annotations, 360–361	hiding, 604–606
arrowheads, 361	leaders, 361
balloons, 364	LINE command, 97–98
creating, 359–364	multilines
defined, 359	creating, 439, 444–445
lines, 361	crossing intersections, 446
settings, 360–362	cutting, 446
text, 361–362	drawing, 439, 444–445
left view, 620–621	editing, 445–447
length shape codes, 935–936	element lines, 440–441
LENGTHEN command, 199–201, 716	grips, 446
lengthening objects, 199–201	intersections, 446
libraries	justification, 444
Landscape Library, 771	loading, 442
Materials Library, 761	saving, 442
slide libraries, 918	scale, 444
3D Kitchen Plus (3D kitchen cabinets), 711	styles, 439–444
light source vector (of distant light), 754	T-shaped intersections, 446
lights	welding, 446
ambient light, 749	orthogonal, 53, 56
attenuation, 750	rays, 104–105
colors, 748–749, 751	stretching, 216
creating, 748, 757–758	tessellation, 603
distant light, 753–755	xlines, 102–103
intensity, 750–751	LINETYPE command, 922
North location, 749	Linetype Manager dialog box, 267
point light, 749–750	linetypes
position, 751	acad.lin file, 891
scenes, 760	aclt.lin file, 891
spotlight, 751–753	complex, 923–926
Lights dialog box, 748	creating, 244, 921–926
lightweight polylines, 411	current object linetype scale, 268
limits	dash, 922
default, 85	description, 921
defined, 85	DesignCenter, 270
setting, 85–86	dot, 922
templates, 23	hidden lines, 605–606
ZOOM command, 85	inserting, 784
limits tolerances, 397–398	ISO, 266
.lin filename extension, 244	layers, 240, 244–245, 257
LINE command, 97–98, 602	loading, 244–245
Line profile symbol (tolerances), 408	naming, 921
line spacing (text), 315	Continued

1136 Index L–M

linetypes (continued) noncontinuous, 266 objects, 262–264 plot styles, 476 polylines, 417 purging, 257–258 rotation, 924

scale, 266–269, 924 shapes, 923–925 simple, 921–923 space, 922 spacing, 266

text, 923–924 X offset, 924

Y offset, 924–925 Lineweight dialog box, 245

Lineweight Settings dialog box, 246 lineweights

assigning, 245 default, 245 defined, 237 displaying, 245

layers, 240, 245–246, 257 measurement units, 246 objects, 263–264

plot styles, 476 turning on/off, 246 zooming in/out, 246

Link Select, 587–588 link templates, 570–572

linking OLE objects, 856–859 Links dialog box, 856–857 links to external databases

creating, 572, 576 deleting, 573 editing, 574

exporting link information, 574–575 viewing, 576–577

viewing linked objects and rows, 573–574 LISP (List Processing), 985

LIST command, 279 LIST function, 1012

List Processing (LISP), 985 listing

hyperlinks, 870 layers, 248 objects, 279–281

objects by layer, 252 sheet sets, 825–826 solid properties, 743

system variables, 276–277

lists

coordinates, 1011–1012 creating, 1012

dotted pairs, 1012 ln function, 291 LOAD command, 934

Load or Reload Linetypes dialog box, 244 loading

AutoLISP files, 986, 988–989, 1005 AutoLISP routines, 989–990 linetypes, 244–245

menu files, 946–949 multilines, 442 shapes, 934

Load/Unload Applications dialog box, 988–989 local variables, 1029–1030

locating points

From feature, 78–80

object snap tracking, 73–76 point filters, 77–78

locked layers, 238

locking layers, 239, 249, 252 log files, 552

Log function, 291

LOGINNAME system variable, 276 loop structures

AutoLISP, 1014–1017

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1062 lowercase text, 312

LTSCALE system variable, 268, 276

M

macros

menu macros, 951–953 script files, 909–914

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1054 major angle, 355

managing external references, 552–553 map shadows, 756

mappings, 766 marble (material), 764 Markup Manager, 883 masks, 313

MASSPROP command, 284, 743–744 matching properties, 270–272, 1027 MATCHPROP command, 417, 1027 materials

adding, 761 ambient light, 765 attaching, 768–769 bump maps, 766 colors, 765

creating, 763–764, 767 deleting, 762

Index M 1137

diffuse reflection, 765 exporting, 762 granite, 764 importing, 762–763 lists of, 761–762 maps, 766

marble, 764 Materials Library, 761

.mli filename extension, 761 naming, 764

previewing, 762 reflection, 765 refraction, 766 roughness, 765 shading, 631–632 standard, 764 transparency, 765 wood, 764

Materials dialog box, 763

Materials Library dialog box, 761–762 mathematical functions (calculator), 290–291 maximizing viewports, 464–465

MEASURE command, 285–287 MEASUREINIT system variable, 22 measurement notation, 50

measurements. See unit types; units (of measurement) measuring objects, 285–287

menu bar, 8

MENU command, 947

Menu Customization dialog box, 948–949 menu files

acad.mnu, 945

accelerators, 950, 957, 978–981 aclt.mnu, 945

auxiliary buttons menus, 955 buttons section, 950, 955, 958–961 deleting sections, 958 helpstrings, 950, 957, 976–977 image menus, 950, 957

image-tile menus, 973–975

keyboard shortcuts, 950, 957, 978–981 loading, 946–949

MNC, 946

MNL, 946

MNR, 946

MNS, 946, 950–951 MNU, 946

POP menus, 950, 956–957, 961–970 replacing partial menus, 965 screen menu, 950, 957, 976

tablet menus, 950, 957, 975–976 toolbar menus, 950, 957, 970–972 unloading, 946, 948–949

menu items, 951–952 menu macros, 951–953 menu swapping, 954–955 MENULOAD command, 948 menus

accessing, 951 command line, 29

command menus, 968–970 complete, 946

context-sensitive menus, 967–970 customizing, 950

object menus, 967–968 partial, 946

pull-down menus, 961–965, 972 screen menu, 30

shortcut menus, 30–31, 966–967 merge backgrounds, 769

merging

cells (tables), 324 layers, 252 layouts, 467 solids, 705, 710

meshes

advantages over wireframes, 657 creating, 658, 660–663

drawing, 658–663, 678–681 edge surfaces, 690–692 extruded surfaces, 685–687 hiding lines, 604 information about, 658 invisible edges, 659–660 polyface meshes

PFASE command, 664–668 3DMESH command, 669–670

revolved surfaces, 681–685 ruled surfaces, 687–690 tabulated surfaces, 685–687 thickness, 603–604 top/bottom, 604

vertices, 658 visible edges, 660

metric scales, 89

Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, connecting to, 562 Microsoft IntelliMouse pointing devices, 124, 126 Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack, 560

Microsoft Web site, 560 midpoint object snap, 66 minimizing viewports, 465 mining your design, 270, 779 minor angle, 355

MINSERT command, 500 MIRROR command, 181–183, 715

1138 Index M–N

mirroring

text, 331–333

3D objects, 715–717

2D objects, 181–183, 218–219 MIRROR3D command, 715 MIRRTEXT system variable, 331–333 MKLTYPE command, 925

MKSHAPE command, 940 MLEDIT command, 446

.mli filename extension, 761 MLINE command, 444

MNC menu file, 946 MNL menu file, 946 MNR menu file, 946

MNS menu file, 946, 950–951 MNU menu file, 946

model space defined, 454

moving objects to paper space, 467 returning to from paper space, 464–465

modes isometric, 152

ORTHO, 56, 58–59 OSNAP, 71–72

OTRACK, 73–74

Modify Transmittal Setup dialog box, 863–864 modifying

dimension styles, 400–401 layers, 255, 259

tables, 323–324 text styles, 308–309

MOVE command, 157–158, 508, 715 MOVEBAK command, 834

moving

columns (databases), 566 faces (solids), 734 objects

comparison of methods, 508 drag-and-drop, 508–511 between drawings, 162–163 within drawings, 157–159 grips, 217

Windows Clipboard, 508–511

objects from paper space to model space, 467 sheet sets, 819

tool palettes, 790 toolbars, 33

vertices (polylines), 415 MREDO command, 40 MTEXT command, 310

MTEXTFIXED system variable, 311 mtextmap.ini file, 891

MTJIGSTRING system variable, 310 multi-cleanup.scr script file, 913–914

Multiline Edit Tools dialog box, 446 Multiline Properties dialog box, 441–442 Multiline Styles dialog box, 439–440 multiline text

combining, 312 creating, 310, 317–318 editing, 316–317 fields, 326–330 formatting, 311 indenting, 312 justifying, 312

line spacing, 315 rotation angle, 316 symbols, 313 tabs, 312

width, 316 wrapping, 310

Multiline Text Editor, 310, 313 multilines

creating, 439, 444–445 crossing intersections, 446 cutting, 446

defined, 439

drawing, 439, 444–445 editing, 445–447 element lines, 440–441 grips, 446 intersections, 446 justification, 444 loading, 442

saving, 442 scale, 444 styles, 439–444

T-shaped intersections, 446 welding, 446

MVSETUP command, 93–94

My Documents folder, 18

N

name tags (menu items), 951 named plot styles, 472 named views

advantages, 136 categories, 133 coordinates, 133 creating, 133 deleting, 134 description, 135 displaying, 134 editing, 135

floating viewports, 132–133 layers, 133, 135

location, 133 naming, 133

Index N–O 1139

partially opening drawings, 136–137 perspective, 133

renaming, 134 saving, 132 sheet sets, 137 step-by-step, 135 uses, 132

naming

blocks, 490, 514 dialog boxes, 1066 dimension styles, 377 distant light, 753 drawings, 18

layer states, 250 layers, 238–241, 257 layout, 455 linetypes, 921 materials, 764

page setups, 461 plot styles, 475 scenes, 760 selection filters, 229 sheet sets, 820 spotlight, 752 templates, 24

tiled viewports, 141–142 toolbars, 899

User Coordinate System (UCS), 147 views, 133

navigating

DesignCenter, 780–781 layout tabs, 460

NE (northeast) isometric view, 623 nearest object snap, 67

New Dimension Style dialog box, 378–379 New Point Light dialog box, 749–750 New Scene dialog box, 760

New Spotlight dialog box, 751–752 New Standard Material dialog box, 764 New Text Style dialog box, 305

New Toolbar dialog box, 899 node object snap, 67

noncontinuous hatch patterns, 928 noncontinuous linetype, 266

none object snap, 67

nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS). See splines North location (for lights), 749

northeast (NE) isometric view, 623 northwest (NW) isometric view, 624 not plottable layers, 238, 240, 249 Notepad, 910

notification of external reference changes, 550–551 NTH function, 1012

number functions (AutoLISP), 997

numbering

lines of text, 334 sheet sets, 809

NURBS (nonuniform rational B-spline). See splines NW (northwest) isometric view, 624

O

object group codes, 1018–1019 object menus, 967–968

object snap tracking, 73–76 object snaps

apparent intersection, 66 AutoSnap, 67–68 calculator, 287–289 center, 66

creating, 66 defined, 66 endpoint, 66, 70 extension, 66 insertion, 67 intersection, 66

isometric drawing, 152 midpoint, 66

nearest, 67 node, 67 none, 67 parallel, 67

perpendicular, 66 quadrant, 66 running, 70–73 step-by-step, 68–70 tangent, 67

3D drawing, 600–602 ObjectARX applications, 1075 objects (databases), 557 objects (OLE)

converting, 853–854 embedding, 850–851, 857–858 limitations, 852

linking, 856–859

pasting, 852–853, 857–858 plot quality, 851

text, 851

3D models, 852

objects (3D). See also solids aligning, 722–724 arrays, 717–720 chamfering, 729–731 elevation, 607–608 exploding, 732 extending, 724–727 filleting, 727–729

grips, 600

Continued

1140 Index O

objects (continued)	cutting edge, 193
mirroring, 715–717	cycling through, 174
object snaps, 600–602	deleting, 207
point filters, 600–602	dividing, 285–287
renaming, 806	double-clicking, 214
rotating, 720–722	editing, 214, 715–716
trimming, 724	erasing, 156–157
objects (2D)	extending, 196–199
aligning, 190–192	filleting, 211–212
arrays	finding the number of objects in a drawing, 275
base points, 186	grips, 214–221
creating, 186–188	grouping, 231–235
polar (circular), 185–186	hiding, 213–214
rectangular, 183–184	layers, 253
blocks	lengthening, 199–201
advantages, 487	listing, 279–281
arrays, 500	listing objects by layer, 252
attributes, 511–526, 529–531	measuring, 285–287
base points, 488	mirroring, 181–183, 218–219
creating, 487, 489–491, 514	moving
defined, 487	comparison of methods, 508
deleting, 490	drag-and-drop, 508–511
description, 490	between drawings, 162–163
DesignCenter, 497	within drawings, 157–159
editing, 505–506	grips, 217
exploding, 503–505	Windows Clipboard, 508–511
Fixblock program, 500	offsetting, 188–190
grips, 505–506	picking, 156
inserting, 488, 494–500	plot styles, 471, 477–478
insertion points, 488	properties
layers, 500–503	colors, 260–262, 264
naming, 490, 514	linetypes, 262–264
properties, 507	lineweights, 263–264
rectangular arrays, 500	matching properties, 270–272
redefining, 490	Properties palette, 222–224, 284
replacing, 492–493, 507	removing sections, 204–206
rotation angle, 496	renaming, 806
saving as a file, 491–493	resizing, 167–169
scale, 496	rotating, 164–167, 217–218
selecting, 500	scaling, 167–169, 218
substituting, 506–507	selecting
updating, 506	Add option, 174
boundary edge, 196	ALL option, 173
breaking, 204–206	Associative Hatch option, 179
calculations	AUto option, 174
area, 281–284	BOX option, 173
distances, 280–281	before choosing a command, 175
perimeter, 281–282	CLass option, 174
copying	command restrictions, 179
comparison of methods, 508	CPolygon option, 174
drag-and-drop, 508–511	Crossing option, 172
between drawings, 162–164	customizing the object selection process,
within drawings, 160–162	177–178
Windows Clipboard, 508–511	Fence option, 173

Index O–P 1141

Group option, 174 groups, 234–235

implied windowing, 175, 178 Last option, 172

Multiple option, 174

Noun/Verb Selection option, 177–178 object grouping, 179

pickbox, 156, 179–180 Press and Drag option, 178 Previous option, 174 Quick Select, 225

Remove option, 174

Select objects: prompt, 170–171 selection filters, 224–231

Shift to Add to Selection option, 178 Single option, 174

step-by-step, 175–177 Undo option, 174 Window option, 171 WPolygon option, 173

selection sets, 170, 1020–1022 shortening, 199–201 stretching, 201–204, 215–216 tessellation lines, 603 thickness, 603–604

tool palettes, 788 trimming, 193–196

objects (21⁄2D), 603

oblique angle (text), 306–307 obliqued text, 298

OBSCUREDCOLOR system variable, 606 OBSCUREDLTYPE system variable, 605 ODBC Data Source Administrator, 559

ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog box, 560 ODBC Driver Pack, 560

ODBC Setup dialog box, 560 OFFSET command, 188–190, 715 offsetting

faces (solids), 734–735 2D objects, 188–190

OLE objects converting, 853–854

embedding, 850–851, 857–858 limitations, 852

linking, 856–859

pasting, 852–853, 857–858 plot quality, 851

text, 851

3D models, 852

Online Resources (help system), 47 on/off layers, 238–239

OOPS command, 490 opacity maps, 766 open architecture, 3

opening

AutoLISP files, 986 DesignCenter, 270, 780 drawings

with default settings, 24–25 from the DesignCenter, 26 existing drawings, 25–26 partially, 136–137

from the Sheet Set Manager, 26 step-by-step, 26

from a template, 22–23 external references, 535–536, 550 hyperlinks, 868–869

Multiline Text Editor, 310 Notepad, 910

tables (databases), 565 tool palettes, 34, 786

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1048 Visual LISP (VLISP), 986

operators AutoLISP

DEFUN, 1005

GETVAR, 1009–1010

SETVAR, 1009–1010 Query Editor, 582

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1062 options (commands), 36–37

ordinate dimensions, 357–359 organizing

drawings, 238 sheet sets, 819

tool palettes, 792, 908 orientation (of drawings), 86 ORTHO mode, 56, 58–59 orthogonal lines, 53, 56 OSNAP mode, 71–72

OSNAPNODELEGACY system variable, 313 OTRACK mode, 73–74

ovals. See ellipses OVERKILL command, 207

overlaying external references, 534, 784 overriding dimension styles, 401 overscore text, 299

P

Page Setup dialog box, 461–462 Page Setup Manager, 460–461 page setups (layouts), 460–462 palettes. See also tool palettes dbConnect Manager, 564

Hatch Pattern palette, 428–429 Properties, 222–224, 284

PAN command, 124 panning, 124–125, 639

1142 Index P

Pantone color books, 242–243 paper scale, 87, 89–90

paper space layout deleting, 459 dimensions, 468

floating viewports, 456–457, 462–464 importing, 459

layout tabs, 459 Layout Wizard, 454–459

moving objects from model space, 467 Page Setup Manager, 460–461

page setups, 460–462 renaming, 460 step-by-step, 469–471 templates, 459

text, 467 paragraph text

combining, 312 creating, 310, 317–318 editing, 316–317 fields, 326–330 formatting, 311 indenting, 312 justifying, 312

line spacing, 315 rotation angle, 316 symbols, 313 tabs, 312

width, 316 wrapping, 310

parallel object snap, 67

Parallelism symbol (tolerances), 408 partial menus, 946

Partial Open dialog box, 136–137 partially opening a drawing, 136–137 password protection, 828–829

Paste Special dialog box, 322, 852–853 PASTESPEC command, 852

pasting

drawings, 855–856

OLE objects, 852–853, 857–858

.pat filename extension, 926 paths

external references, 535 support-file search path, 946

patterns (hatches) acad.pat file, 891 angles, 429–430, 927 associative, 427, 432 blocks, 427, 430 boundaries, 431 boundary set, 431 boundary style, 433 comments, 926

continuous, 928

creating, 426–427, 438, 926–931 custom, 428

dash, 927 defined, 426, 926 delta-x, 927–929 delta-y, 927, 929 description, 927 displaying, 432 drafting, 426

drag and drop, 434–435 editing, 436–438 external references, 430 gap tolerance, 434

Hatch Pattern palette, 428–429 island detection, 431, 434 islands, 432–434

ISO hatches, 430 layers, 427 noncontinuous, 928 predefined, 428 previewing, 431–432 raster images, 430 scale, 429 selecting, 437 shapes, 926

solid, 438–439 spacing, 430 text, 432, 926 trimming, 437

user defined, 428, 430 wipeouts, 430 X-origin, 927 Y-origin, 927

pausing script files, 916 *.pc3 file, 891

PEDIT command, 414–415, 602 PEDITACCEPT system variable, 415 Pend AutoLISP program, 207 perimeter, calculating, 281–282 perpendicular object snap, 66

Perpendicularity symbol (tolerances), 408 perspective of named views, 133

PFACE command, 664–668 Photo Raytrace rendering, 745 Photo Real rendering, 745

pi function, 291

PICKADD system variable, 224 pickbox, 156, 179–180

picking coordinates on the screen grid, 63–65

object snaps, 66–73

snap settings, 61–62, 64–65 picking objects, 156

Index P 1143

Places list, 18–19 PLAN command, 629 plan view, 629–630 planes, 151–152

pld(p1,p2,dist) function, 291 PLINE command, 411–413

plot configuration files, 891 Plot dialog box, 481

plot quality, 851 plot settings, 462 plot styles

applying, 478–479 color-dependent, 472, 478 colors, 476

converting color-dependent to named, 472 converting named to color-dependent, 472 creating, 471–472, 478–479

defined, 238, 471 deleting, 476 descriptions, 476

layers, 238, 240, 471, 477–478 linetypes, 476

lineweights, 476 named, 472 naming, 475

objects, 471, 477–478 renaming, 475

plot-style tables

Add Plot Style Table Wizard, 473–474 attaching to layouts, 477

creating, 472–474 editing, 474–476

Plot Style Table Editor, 474–475 plottable layers, 238, 240, 249 Plotter Configuration Editor, 480–481 plotters

configuring, 480–481 selecting, 482

plotting

background plotting, 483 Batch Plotting Utility, 484 choosing a plotter/printer, 482 draft plots, 453–454

DWF (Design Web Format) files, 882–883 model space, 454

paper space, 454–462

Plot and Publish Details report, 483 preparation, 479, 481

previewing your plot, 482 sheet sets, 809, 825 step-by-step, 483

plt(p1,p2,t) function, 291 plus/minus tolerance symbol, 299

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file format, 838

POINT command, 120 point filters

3D drawing, 600–602

2D objects, 77–78 point light, 749–750

point objects (splines), 420

Point or option keyword required message, 51 Point Style dialog box, 119

point styles, 119

pointing devices. See Microsoft Intellimouse pointing devices

points

drawing, 120–121 locating

From feature, 78–80

object snap tracking, 73–76 point filters, 77–78

sizes, 119 uses, 119

polar (circular) arrays 3D objects, 718–720 2D objects, 185–186

polar coordinates, 53–55 polar snap, 62

polar tracking, 56–59 PolarSnap, 158, 160 polyface meshes

PFACE command, 664–668 3DMESH command, 669–670

POLYGON command, 100–101 polygons, 100–101

polylines

arcs, 411–413 boundaries, 424–426 breaking, 415 closing, 411, 415 creating, 411–414 defined, 411 drawing, 411–414 editing, 414–418

freehand drawing, 448–449 fuzz distance, 416

grips, 416 halfwidth, 412

INTERSECTIONCOLOR system variable, 605

INTERSECTIONDISPLAY system variable, 605 joining, 415–416

jointypes, 416 length, 412

lightweight polylines, 411 linetypes, 417 regenerating, 415 straightening, 416

Continued

1144 Index P–R

polylines (continued)

3D, 602

vertices, 415–416 width, 412, 415

POP menus

command menus, 968–970 context-sensitive menus, 967–970 object menus, 967–968

***POP0-11, 956

***POP500-518, 956–957 pull-down menus, 961–965 purpose of, 950

shortcut menus, 966–967 submenus, 962

Portable Network Graphics (PNG) file format, 838 Position symbol (tolerances), 408

positioning

distant light, 753–754 lights, 751

PostScript support file, 891

PowerPoint, inserting AutoCAD as an ActiveX component, 854–856

precision options for unit types, 82 preloading slides, 916

preset viewpoints, 626 previewing

dimension styles, 377 drawings, 16–17 hatches, 431–432 materials, 762

plots, 482 templates, 21

PRINC function, 1024 printers, selecting, 16, 482 printing

DWF (Design Web Format) files, 882–883 scale, 14

prior release drawings, 834–835 productivity tools, 277–278 PROGN statements, 1015–1016 properties (objects)

colors, 260–262, 264 defined, 237 linetypes, 262–264 lineweights, 263–264

matching, 270–272, 1027 Properties palette, 222–224, 284 Property Settings dialog box, 271 PROPULATE command, 809 prototypes, 26–27

PSLTSCALE system variable, 471 PUBLISH command, 871–873 +PUBLISH command, 872

Publish Drawing Sheets dialog box, 871

Publish to Web Wizard, 874–877

PUBLISHTOWEB command, 871 puck, 42–44

pull-down menus, 961–965, 972 PURGE command, 257–258 Purge dialog box, 258

purging

unused layers, 252, 257–258 unused linetypes, 257–258

pyramids, 673–674

Q

QLATTACH command, 362

QLDETACHSET command, 362

QLEADER command, 360 QNEW command, 21–22 QSELECT command, 500 QTEXT command, 330 quadrant object snap, 66 quality of raster images, 847 queries

creating, 584, 586–587 deleting, 589

editing, 588 exporting, 589 importing, 589

Link Select, 587–588 operators, 582

Query Builder, 583–584

Query Editor, 580–581 Quick Query tab, 582 Range Query tab, 583 renaming, 589 storing, 588

Structured Query Language (SQL), 585–586 Quick Dimension feature, 365–367

Quick Select, 225

R

r2d function, 291 rad function, 291

radial dimensions, 353, 355–357 radians angle type, 83

raster images attaching, 845 bi-tonal, 847 borders, 847 brightness, 846

clipping, 845–846, 848–849 contrast, 846

detaching, 845 display order, 848 fade, 846

frames, 847, 849

Index R 1145

hatches, 430	regions
Image Manager, 844–845	boundaries, 424–426
importing, 843	creating, 422–424
inserting, 783, 843–844	defined, 422
quality, 847	registered users, 3
relative paths, 844	Re-initialization dialog box, 897
reloading, 845	relational databases, 556
supported formats, 843	relative Cartesian coordinates
transparency, 847	3D drawing, 595
unloading, 845	2D drawing, 52–55
rays, 104–105	relative polar coordinates, 53–55
raytraced shadows, 756	reloading
read-only system variables, 91, 276	external references, 549
real-time panning/zooming, 124, 126	raster images, 845
reassociating dimensions, 368	removing sections of objects, 204–206
records (databases)	Rename Text Style dialog box, 307
adding, 569	renaming
defined, 556	drawings, 27–28
deleting, 569	layer states, 251
editing, 569–570	layers, 257
finding, 567	layouts, 460
searching, 567	named views, 134
sorting, 566–567	objects, 806
RECOVER command, 833	plot styles, 475
RECTANG command, 98–99, 101	queries, 589
rectangles, drawing, 98–99, 101	sheets in sheet sets, 819
rectangular arrays	text styles, 307
blocks, 500	tool palettes, 790, 908
3D objects, 717–718	Render dialog box, 746–747, 771–772
2D objects, 183–184	Render toolbar, 746
Red, Green, Blue (RGB)	Render window, 775
colors, 242–243	rendered images, 774
lights, 749	rendering
redefining attributes (blocks), 521–522	AccuRender program, 773
redisplaying rendered images, 774	backgrounds, 769–770
redoing commands, 40–41	cache, 747, 772
REDRAW command, 123	creating a final rendering, 772–773
redrawing drawings, 123	default, 746–747
Refedit toolbar, 539–540	landscapes, 771
Reference Edit dialog box, 539	lights, 748–755, 757–758
Reference Manager, 830–832	mappings, 766
Reference toolbar, 534	materials
refining splines, 421	adding, 761
reflection	ambient light, 765
backgrounds, 770	attaching, 768–769
materials, 765	bump maps, 766
reflection maps, 766	colors, 765
refraction	creating, 763–764, 767
backgrounds, 770	deleting, 762
materials, 766	diffuse reflection, 765
REGEN command, 123	exporting, 762
regenerating	granite, 764
drawings, 123	importing, 762–763
polylines, 415	Continued

1146 Index R

rendering, materials (continued) lists of, 761–762

maps, 766 marble, 764

Materials Library, 761 naming, 764 previewing, 762 reflection, 765 refraction, 766 roughness, 765 standard, 764 transparency, 765 wood, 764

Photo Raytrace, 745 Photo Real, 745 preferences, 771–772 Render, 745

scenes, 759–761 shadows

bounding boxes, 757 creating, 755–759 lights, 748–749, 751 maps, 756 raytraced, 756

rendering time, 755–756 settings, 756–757 softness, 757

turning on/off, 756 types of, 756 volumetric, 756

statistics, 774 step-by-step, 746

Rendering Preferences dialog box, 771 repairing corrupted drawing files, 833–834 repeating

commands, 38 script files, 916

replacing

blocks, 492–493, 507 hyperlinks, 870 partial menus, 965 text

with new text, 312 with rectangles, 330

reports

Plot and Publish Details report, 483 standards, 798

Transmittal Reports (eTransmit), 865 REPURLS command, 870

reshaping toolbars, 33–34 resizing

columns (databases), 566 objects, 167–169

restoring

layer states, 251

User Coordinate System (UCS), 147 viewport configurations, 142

RESUME command, 916 resuming script files, 916

reversing direction of splines, 421

reviewing DWF (Design Web Format) files, 883 revision cloud, 212–213

REVOLVE command, 704 revolved solids, 704–705 revolved surfaces, 681–685 REVSURF command, 681, 683–684 RGB (Red, Green, Blue)

colors, 242–243 lights, 749

right view, 620–621 right-click customization, 30

ROTATE command, 166–167, 715, 720 ROTATE3D command, 720–721 rotating

dimensions, 345–346 faces (solids), 735 text, 334

3D objects, 720–722

2D objects, 164–167, 217–218 rotation angle

blocks, 496 text

multiline, 316 single-line, 298–299

roughness of materials, 765 round function, 291 rounded corners, 209–211 routines (AutoLISP)

Br, 207

characteristics, 990–991 line-by-line explanation, 991 loading, 989–990

Pend, 207 using, 989–990

rows (tables), 324 RSCRIPT command, 916 RTEXT command, 333 RTUCS command, 609 ruled surfaces, 687–690

RULESURF command, 687–689 running

object snaps, 70–73 script files, 911–914 slide shows, 917

VBA programs, 1058–1059

Index S 1147

S	resuming, 916
sample.cus file, 890	running, 911–914
Save Drawing As dialog box, 18	saving, 910
saving	*.scr (customizable), 891
blocks as a file, 491–493	.scr filename extension, 909
dimension styles, 404	slide libraries, 918
drawings, 11, 18–19, 27–28	slide shows, 915–917
layer states, 250–251	spaces, 909–910
multilines, 442	scroll bars, 125
rendered images, 774	scrolling, 125
script files, 910	SE (southeast) isometric view, 623
selection filters, 229	Search tab (help system), 46
tiled viewports, 141	searching
User Coordinate System (UCS), 147	drawings, 781–782, 807–808
VBA programs, 1058–1059	external references, 536
views, 132–133	records (databases), 567
scale	SECTION command, 711
architectural, 88	sections (solids), 711–712
blocks, 496	security
civil engineering, 89	digital signatures, 829–830
defined, 86	password protection, 828–829
determining scale and sheet size, 89–90	Select Color dialog box, 241–242, 749
dimension styles, 390–391	Select File dialog box, 25, 313
factor, 88	Select Image File dialog box, 843
formats, 87–88	Select Linetype dialog box, 244–245
hatches, 429	Select Menu File dialog box, 947
linetypes, 266–269, 924	Select Reference File dialog box, 534
metric, 89	Select Script File dialog box, 911
multilines, 444	Select Shape or Font File dialog box, 933–934
no scale, 87	Select Template dialog box, 21
printing, 14	selecting
standard paper sheet sizes, 87	blocks, 500
viewports, 465, 467	cells (tables), 324
SCALE command, 715	hatches, 437
SCALETEXT command, 303	objects
scaling	Add option, 174
objects, 167–169, 218	ALL option, 173
text, 303	Associative Hatch option, 179
scenes, 759–761	AUto option, 174
Scenes dialog box, 759–760	BOX option, 173
scientific unit type, 81	before choosing a command, 175
.scr filename extension, 909	CLass option, 174
*.scr files, 891	command restrictions, 179
screen colors, 241	CPolygon option, 174
screen menu, 30, 950, 957, 976	Crossing option, 172
script files	customizing the object selection process,
batch editing, 912	177–178
characteristics, 909	Fence option, 173
comments, 910	Group option, 174
creating, 909–910, 914	groups, 234–235
defined, 909	implied windowing, 175, 178
multi-cleanup.scr, 913–914	Last option, 172
pausing, 916	Multiple option, 174
repeating, 916	Continued

1148 Index S

selecting, objects (continued)

Noun/Verb Selection option, 177–178 object grouping, 179

pickbox, 156, 179–180 Press and Drag option, 178 Previous option, 174 Quick Select, 225

Remove option, 174

Select objects: prompt, 170–171 selection filters, 224–231

Shift to Add to Selection option, 178 Single option, 174

step-by-step, 175–177 Undo option, 174 Window option, 171 WPolygon option, 173

plotters/printers, 482 printers, 16

table styles, 320 templates, 21 text, 312

text styles, 309 selection filters

creating, 225–229 editing, 230

FILTER command, 226–229 naming, 229

Quick Select, 225 saving, 229

uses, 224, 230–231

selection sets, 170, 587–588, 1020–1022 sending

drawings

by e-mail, 862

by eTransmit, 862–865 by fax, 861

by FTP, 862 sheet sets, 825

separating solids, 741 setting

angle types, 83

crosshair size (of cursor), 61 grid size, 63

limits, 85–86 point styles, 119 polar tracking, 57

system variables, 276–277, 1009–1010 unit types, 82, 84

settings

DWF (Design Web Format) files, 877–879 leaders, 360–362

templates, 91–93 setup wizards, 94 SETVAR command, 277

SETVAR operator, 1009–1010

shaded views (floating viewports), 466–467 SHADEMODE command, 605, 631–632 shading, 630–633, 644

Shadow Options dialog box, 756–757 shadows

bounding boxes, 757 creating, 755–759 distant light, 755 lights, 748–749, 751 maps, 756 raytraced, 756

rendering time, 755–756 settings, 756–757 softness, 757

turning on/off, 756 types of, 756 volumetric, 756

SHAPE command, 934 shape files, 891 shapes

blocks, 933 comments, 934

creating, 933–938, 941–942 editing, 942

fonts, 938–940 hatch patterns, 926 inserting, 934

length and direction codes, 935–936 linetypes, 923–925

loading, 934

supplemental codes, 936–938 3D shapes

boxes, 671–672 cones, 674–675 dishes, 677 domes, 676 drawing, 671 meshes, 678–681 pyramids, 673–674 spheres, 675–676

tetrahedrons, 673–674 torus, 677–678 wedges, 672–673

sheet sets

adding sheets, 819 archiving, 825

automated features, 816–819 callout blocks, 814–815, 818, 824 configuring, 820–823

cover sheets, 810 creating, 811–813, 820–823 deleting sheets, 819 descriptions, 814

Index S 1149

importing, 820	SOLDRAW command, 654
label blocks, 814, 818	solid backgrounds, 769
listing, 825–826	SOLID command, 438–439, 604
moving, 819	SOLIDEDIT command, 732
named views, 137	solids. See also 3D objects
naming, 820	adding, 705–706, 710
numbering, 809	Boolean operations, 705
organizing, 819	boxes, 695–696
plotting, 809, 825	checking, 742
properties, 813–814, 820	cleaning, 741
renaming sheets, 819	cones, 697–698
sending by transmittal, 825	cylinders, 697
Sheet Set Manager, 26, 810–811	displaying, 694–695
storing, 815	drawing, 700–701
subsets, 816, 819	edges, 739–740
templates, 815	editing, 732, 742–743
using, 823, 827–828	extruded, 701–704, 709
viewports, 824	faces
shelling solids, 741–742	colors, 737–738
shortcut menus, 30–31, 966–967	copying, 737
shortening objects, 199–201	deleting, 735
SHOWURLS command, 870	editing, 732–733, 738–739
.shp filename extension, 891, 933	extruding, 733–734
.shx filename extension, 933	moving, 734
simple linetypes, 921–923	offsetting, 734–735
sin function, 290	rotating, 735
single-line text	tapering, 736–737
creating, 295, 300–301	imprinting, 740–741
editing, 301–304	interfering, 707–708
height, 298	intersections, 707
justifying, 296–298, 303	listing properties, 743
rotation angle, 298–299	merging, 705, 710
scaling, 303	properties, 743
wrapping, 310	revolved, 704–705
sizing rows (tables), 324	sections, 711–712
SKETCH command, 447, 449–450	separating, 741
slanted text, 298	shelling, 741–742
.slb filename extension, 918	slicing, 712–714
SLICE command, 712–713	spheres, 696
slicing solids, 712–714	subtracting, 706–707, 709–710
slide libraries, 918	torus, 699–700
SLIDELIB utility, 918	wedges, 698–699
slides	Solids Editing toolbar, 738
creating, 915–916	Solids toolbar, 693
drawings, 915	SOLPROF command, 654–655
preloading, 916	SOLVIEW command, 653–654
slide shows, 916–917	sorting
viewing, 915–916	layers, 255
wireframes, 915	records (databases), 566–567
SNAP command, 61	source position (Visual LISP), 1040
snap points, 152	southeast (SE) isometric view, 623
snap rotation, 143–145	southwest (SW) isometric view, 621–622
snap settings, 61–62

1150 Index S

spacing hatches, 430

linetypes, 266 text, 296

spatial index, 545–546

special characters in menu macros, 952–953 spell check, 335–336

spheres

drawing, 675–676, 696 solid, 696

3D shape, 675–676 spherical coordinates, 596–597 SPLFRAME system variable, 660 SPLINE command, 418 SPLINEDIT command, 420–422 splines

closing, 419, 421 control points, 420–421 creating, 418–420 defined, 411, 418 drawing, 418–420 editing, 420–422

fit points, 420–422 grips, 422

point objects, 420 refining, 421

reversing direction, 421 spotlight, 751–753

SQL (Structured Query Language), 556, 580–581, 585–586

sqr function, 291 sqrt function, 291 SSGET function, 1020

SSLENGTH function, 1020 SSNAME function, 1020 S::STARTUP function, 1006–1008 Stack Properties dialog box, 315 stacking fractions, 311, 314–315 standard materials, 764

standard viewpoints, 618 standards

Batch Standards Checker, 800–801 CAD standards, 798–800, 804–805 CAD Standards tools, 795

checking drawings against standards, 797–798 importance of, 794–795

reports, 798 standards file, 796–797

starting AutoCAD/AutoCAD LT, 5 calculator, 288

3D orbit, 634 Startup dialog box, 21

states (of layers) deleting, 251 descriptions, 250 exporting, 251 frozen, 238 importing, 251 locked, 238 naming, 250

not plottable, 238, 240, 249 on/off, 238–239, 248 plottable, 238, 240, 249 renaming, 251

restoring, 251 saving, 250–251 thawed, 238 unlocked, 238

status bar, 9

STATUS command, 275–276 status of layers, 239

status-line help messages, 976–977

.stb filename extension, 472 STL file format, 838 Stmplot program, 484 storing

queries, 588 sheet sets, 815

straightening polylines, 416 Straightness symbol (tolerances), 408 STRETCH command, 201–204, 715 stretching objects, 201–204, 215–216 string functions (AutoLISP), 996–997

Structured Query Language (SQL), 556, 580–581, 585–586

STYLE command, 305 styles

dimension styles

angular dimensions, 394 arrowheads, 378, 381–382 center marks, 382–383 centerlines, 382–383 changing, 399, 404–405 colors, 379

comparing, 402–403 copying, 403–404 creating, 377–379 dimension lines, 379 exporting, 404 extension lines, 380–381 fit, 378, 387–389, 391–392 importing, 404 inserting, 784

linear dimensions, 393 lines, 380

modifying, 400–401

Index S 1151

naming, 377	supplemental angle, 355
overriding, 401	supplemental shape codes, 936–938
previewing, 377	support-file search path, 946
saving, 404	Surface profile symbol (tolerances), 408
scale, 390–391	surfaces (3D)
step-by-step, 383–384	advantages over wireframes, 657
text, 378, 384–387	creating, 658–663
text placement, 389–390	drawing, 658–663
tolerances, 379, 396–399	edge surfaces, 690–692
units (alternate), 395	extruded surfaces, 685–687
units (primary), 379, 392, 394–396	hiding lines, 604
variants, 399–400	information about, 658
multilines, 439–444	invisible edges, 659–660
plot styles	polyface meshes
applying, 478–479	PFACE command, 664–668
color-dependent, 472, 478	3DMESH command, 669–670
colors, 476	revolved surfaces, 681–685
converting color-dependent to named, 472	ruled surfaces, 687–690
converting named to color-dependent, 472	tabulated surfaces, 685–687
creating, 471–472, 478–479	thickness, 603–604
defined, 471	top/bottom, 604
deleting, 476	vertices, 658
descriptions, 476	visible edges, 660
layers, 471, 477–478	Surfaces toolbar, 658
linetypes, 476	surfaces (2D). See regions
lineweights, 476	SURFTAB1 system variable, 683
named, 472	SURFTAB2 system variable, 683
naming, 475	surveyor angle type, 83
objects, 471, 477–478	SW (southwest) isometric view, 621–622
renaming, 475	swapping menus, 954–955
table styles	symbols
creating, 320–321	break, 207
inserting, 784	circle diameter dimensioning, 299
selecting, 320	degree, 299
text styles	dependent symbols (external references), 542
changing, 309	importing into external references, 542–543
creating, 305, 308	inserting, 313
deleting, 307	plus/minus tolerance, 299
effects, 306–307	tolerances, 407–408
fonts, 306	Windows Character Map, 313
importing, 309	symmetrical tolerances, 397
inserting, 784	Symmetry symbol (tolerances), 408
modifying, 308–309	synchronizing viewports, 467
renaming, 307	system variables. See also system variables by name
selecting, 309	accessing, 91, 276
uses, 304	AutoLISP, 1009–1011
subsets (sheet sets), 816, 819	command line, 91
SUBST function, 1019	defined, 91
substituting blocks, 506–507	dimensions, 402
SUBTRACT command, 706–707	editing, 91
subtracting solids, 706–707, 709	getting, 1009–1010
suggestions for the author, 1075	help, 91
Sun Angle Calculator, 754	listing, 276–277
SUPERHATCH command, 430	Continued

1152 Index S–T

system variables (continued) read-only, 91, 276

setting, 276–277, 1009–1010 turning on/off, 276

values, 276–277

T

TABLE command, 319 Table dialog box, 320 Table Style dialog box, 320 table styles

creating, 320–321 inserting, 784 selecting, 320

tables

blocks, 323 borders, 322 cells, 321, 323, 324 columns, 323–324

creating, 319–320, 325–326 data entry, 322–323 direction, 322

exporting, 324–325 formatting, 320–322 grips, 324 inserting, 319–320 insertion point, 319 modifying, 323–324 properties, 323–324 rows, 324

text, 321, 323 tables (databases) defined, 556

display options, 566 editing, 565 opening, 565 viewing, 565–566

TABLET command, 450–451 tablet menus, 950, 957, 975–976 tabs, 312

TABSURF command, 685–686 tabulated surfaces, 685–687 Tagged Image File Format (TIF), 838 tags (attributes), 513

tang function, 290 tangent object snap, 67

tapering faces (solids), 736–737 TCASE command, 334 TCIRCLE command, 334 TCOUNT command, 334

Template Description dialog box, 24 templates

Attribute Extraction Wizard, 527–528 boilerplate text, 23

creating, 24 customizing, 23–24 default, 21–22 defined, 21

label templates, 577–580 layouts, 459, 468–469 limits, 23

link templates, 570–572 naming, 24 previewing, 21 selecting, 21

settings, 91–93 sheet sets, 815 troubleshooting, 17 unit type, 23

uses, 21

temporary files, 832–833 tessellation lines, 603 tetrahedrons, 673–674 text

arcs, 334

attributes (blocks), 513 background masks, 313 boilerplate text (templates), 23 character sets, 313

circle diameter dimensioning symbol, 299 colors, 311

creating, 300–301 degree symbol, 299

dimension styles, 378, 384–387 dimensions, 340, 344, 371–372 editing

multiline text, 316–317 single-line text, 301–304 tables, 323

text editing window, 15–16 finding, 312, 334–335

fonts, 330–331 formatting, 311 hatch patterns, 926 hatches, 432 height, 298

hiding, 606 importing, 313, 317 indenting, 312 insertion point, 296

justifying, 296–298, 303, 312 layers, 331

leaders, 361–362 line spacing, 315 linetypes, 923–924 lowercase, 312 mirroring, 331–333

multiline, 310, 317–318

Index T 1153

numbering lines of text, 334	relative Cartesian, 595
oblique angle, 306–307	spherical, 596–597
obliqued, 298	wireframes, 597–599
OLE objects, 851	Z axis, 594–595
overscore, 299	3D drawings
paper space layout, 467	backgrounds, 769–770
plus/minus tolerance symbol, 299	landscapes, 771
replacing	mappings, 766
with new text, 312	realism, 745
with rectangles, 330	rendering, 745–747
rotating, 334	scenes, 759–761
rotation angle, 298–299, 316	shadows, 755–759
scaling, 303	3D Kitchen Plus library, 711
selecting, 312	3D objects. See also solids
single-line, 295	aligning, 722–724
slanted, 298	arrays, 717–720
spacing, 296	chamfering, 729–731
spell check, 335–336	editing, 715–716
tables, 321, 323	elevation, 607–608
tabs, 312	exploding, 732
underscore, 299	extending, 724–727
uppercase, 312	filleting, 727–729
vertical, 307	grips, 600
width, 316	mirroring, 715–717
wrapping, 310	object snaps, 600–602
TEXT command, 301	point filters, 600–602
Text Formatting toolbar, 311	renaming, 806
Text Style dialog box, 305–306	rotating, 720–722
text styles	trimming, 724
changing, 309	3D orbit
creating, 305, 308	accessing options, 633
deleting, 307	camera distance, 640
effects, 306–307	circular arrow cursor, 634–635
fonts, 306	clipping panes, 641–643
importing, 309	continuous orbit, 639
inserting, 784	focus, 640
modifying, 308–309	horizontal ellipse cursor, 636–637
renaming, 307	maintaining Z axis, 640
selecting, 309	panning, 639
uses, 304	parallel views, 641
Text window, 9	perspective views, 641
TEXTFIT command, 333	preset views, 641
TEXTMASK command, 333	resetting views, 639
TEXTTOFRONT command, 313	shading, 644
TEXTUNMASK command, 333	sphere and lines cursor, 635–636
texture maps, 766	starting, 634
thawed layers, 238	step-by-step, 644–645
thawing layers, 239, 249, 252	uses, 633
thickness (2D objects), 603–604	vertical ellipse cursor, 636, 638
third-party drawing management programs, 808	view height, 641
3D coordinates	view width, 641
absolute Cartesian, 595	visual aids, 637–638
cylindrical, 595, 597	zooming, 640
LINE command, 602	3D polylines, 602

1154 Index T

3D shapes	toggles (pull-down menus), 972
boxes, 671–672	TOLERANCE command, 406
cones, 674–675	tolerances
dishes, 677	defined, 396
domes, 676	deviation, 397
drawing, 671	dimension styles, 379, 396–399
meshes, 678–681	frames, 406–408
pyramids, 673–674	geometric, 406–409
spheres, 675–676	limits, 397–398
tetrahedrons, 673–674	symbols, 407–408
torus, 677–678	symmetrical, 397
wedges, 672–673	text alignment, 398–399
3D solids. See solids	zero suppression, 399
3D surfaces	tool palettes
advantages over wireframes, 657	buttons (toolbars), 788–789
creating, 658–663	commands, 788–789
drawing, 658–663	copying, 790
edge surfaces, 690–692	creating, 787–789, 792–794, 907
extruded surfaces, 685–687	customizing, 787, 907–908
hiding lines, 604	defined, 786
information about, 658	deleting, 790, 908
invisible edges, 659–660	displaying, 791
polyface meshes	exporting, 790, 908
PFACE command, 664–668	flyouts, 35
3DMESH command, 669–670	grouping, 908
revolved surfaces, 681–685	importing, 908
ruled surfaces, 687–690	moving, 790
tabulated surfaces, 685–687	objects (2D), 788
thickness, 603–604	opening, 34, 786
top/bottom, 604	organizing, 792, 908
vertices, 658	properties, 789–790
visible edges, 660	renaming, 790, 908
3DFACE command, 658–659	tab order, 907
3DMESH command, 669–670	transparency, 791
3DPOLY command, 602	updating, 790–791
3DS file format, 838	using, 792–794
TIF (Tagged Image File Format), 838	Tool Properties dialog box, 789
tiled viewports	toolbar menus, 950, 957, 970–972
characteristics, 137–138	toolbars
creating, 138–140	Aerial View, 131
deleting, 140	buttons
parallel views, 645	adding, 899–900
perspective views, 645–646	Button Editor, 901–902
restoring, 141–142	creating button definitions, 900–901
saving, 141–142	deleting, 899–900
step-by-step, 142–143	tool palettes, 788–789
using, 141	closing, 33
TIME command, 277–278	creating, 899
time-sensitive right-clicking, 30	customizing, 8, 32, 898, 903–905, 970–972
title bar, 8	Dimension, 341
title blocks	displaying, 33
adding, 456	docking, 33
fields, 328	Draw, 9
inserting, 90–91	floating, 33

Index T–U 1155

flyouts, 33, 902–903	grid, 63
grab bars, 33	grips, 221
hiding, 33	layers, 248, 252
Layers, 239	lightweights, 246
moving, 33	notification of external reference changes, 551
naming, 899	object snap tracking, 73
Refedit, 539–540	polar tracking, 57–58
Reference, 534	shadows, 756
Render, 746	system variables, 276
reshaping, 33–34	transparency (raster images), 847
Solids, 693	2D objects. See objects (2D)
Solids Editing, 738	21⁄2D objects, 603
Surfaces, 658	TXTEXP command, 333
Text Formatting, 311	TXT2MTXT command, 333
tooltips, 9–10	U
undoing changes, 906–907
uses, 32	UCS (User Coordinate System). See User Coordinate
View, 618	System (UCS)
viewing, 33	UCSICON system variable, 972
Toolbars dialog box, 33	UCSORTHO system variable, 619
top view, 619–620	underscore
TORIENT command, 334	menu items, 951
torus	text, 299
drawing, 677–678, 699–700	UNDO command, 39–40
solid, 699–700	undoing
3D shape, 677–678	changes, 906–907
Total runout symbol (tolerances), 408	commands, 39–41
tracking time, 277–278	Unicode fonts, 943
translating layers, 802–804	UNION command, 705
Transmittal Reports (eTransmit), 865	unit types
transparency	acad.unt file, 891
materials, 765	aclt.unt file, 891
tool palettes, 791	architectural, 81–82
TRANSPARENCY command, 847	coordinates, 82
transparency of raster images, 847	decimal, 81
transparent commands, 41–42	engineering, 81–82
TRIM command, 193–196, 716, 724	fractional, 81
trimming	precision options, 82
hatches, 437	scientific, 81
3D objects, 724	setting, 82, 84
2D objects, 193–196	templates, 23
tripod, 627–629	Units command (Format menu), 82
troubleshooting	units (of measurement)
STATUS command, 276	dimension styles
templates, 17	alternate, 394–395
True Color (for lights), 749	primary, 379, 392, 395–396
TrueType fonts, 306	drawing, 50
trunc function, 291	measurement notation, 50
T-shaped intersections (multilines), 446	unloading
turning on/off	external references, 549
demand loading, 545	menu files, 946, 948–949
distant light, 753	raster images, 845
drawing time tracking, 278	unlocked layers, 238
frames (raster images), 847	unlocking layers, 239, 249, 252

1156 Index U–V

unmerging cells (tables), 324 unstacking fractions, 311 updating

blocks, 506 dimensions, 402 fields, 328–329

tool palettes, 790–791 uppercase text, 312

User Coordinate System (UCS) Apply option, 612 broken-pencil icon, 609–610 creating, 145–146, 148, 612–615 Face option, 611

naming, 147 objects, 609, 611 options, 146 orientation, 611 origin, 146

Origin option, 611 plan view, 630 restoring, 147 saving, 147 3Point option, 612 using, 149–151 View option, 611 viewpoints, 609

X option, 612 Y option, 612

Z Axis Vector option, 612 Z option, 612

User Coordinate System (UCS) icon, 6, 49, 147–148 user documentation, 45

user input

AutoLISP, 1022–1024

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1062–1064, 1071

user interface. See interface user registration, 3

utilities

Batch Plotting Utility, 484

SLIDELIB, 918

V

VAL function, 1071

values of system variables, 276–277 variables. See also system variables

creating, 1003–1004

global variables, 1029–1030 local variables, 1029–1030 using, 1004

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 1059–1061 VBA. See Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) vec(p1,p2) function, 291

vec1(p1,p2) function, 291

versions of AutoCAD, 3 vertical dimensions, 345 vertical text, 307 vertices

polylines, 415–416 3D surfaces, 658

VIEW command, 132

View Details dialog box, 135 View dialog box, 132–134 View toolbar, 618

viewing drawings

Aerial View, 131–132 external references, 533 named views, 132–136 panning, 124–125 scrolling, 125

snap rotation, 143–145 tiled viewports, 137–143 zooming in/out, 126–130

DWF (Design Web Format) files, 879–881, 883–884 external reference relationships, 536

links to external databases, 576–577 slides, 915–916

tables (databases), 565–566 toolbars, 33

Viewpoint Presets dialog box, 624–625 viewpoints

angles, 625–626 back view, 621–622 bottom view, 620 compass, 627–629 creating, 619

front view, 620, 622 left view, 620–621

NE (northeast) isometric view, 623 NW (northwest) isometric view, 624 plan view, 629–630

preset, 626

right view, 620–621

SE (southeast) isometric view, 623 standard, 618

SW (southwest) isometric view, 621–622 top view, 619–620

tripod, 627–629

USC (User Coordinate System), 609 viewports

floating

aligning objects, 467 boundaries, 466 creating, 462–464 hidden views, 466–467 layer visibility, 466 named views, 132

Index V 1157

maximizing, 464–465 minimizing, 465 polygonal, 464 properties, 462 scale, 465, 467

shaded views, 466–467 synchronizing, 467 uses, 140

views, 464 layout, 456–457 sheet sets, 824 tiled viewports

characteristics, 137–138 creating, 138–140 deleting, 140

parallel views, 645 perspective views, 645–646 restoring, 141–142

saving, 141–142 step-by-step, 142–143 using, 141

Viewports dialog box, 139, 463–464 virtual screen, 123

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)

ActiveX and VBA Developer’s Guide, 1053 ActiveX and VBA Reference, 1053 AutoCAD, 1047

automation, 1073 colors, 1057–1058 comments, 1055–1056

comparison with AutoLISP, 1048 conditional statements, 1062 constants, 1061, 1072 debugging code, 1074–1075 declarations, 1054

dialog boxes

controls, 1067–1071 creating, 1065–1066 labels (for controls), 1069 naming, 1066

properties, 1066–1067 error handling, 1074–1075 forms

controls, 1067–1071 creating, 1065–1066 defined, 1054

labels (for controls), 1069 naming, 1066

properties, 1066–1067 functions

defined, 1054, 1061 using, 1072, 1074 VAL, 1071

help, 1052–1053

IDE (integrated development environment), 1051–1052

keywords, 1058, 1062 loop structures, 1062 macros, 1054 modifying objects, 1072 objects, 1049–1051 opening, 1048 operators, 1062 procedures, 1054–1055 programs, 1058–1059 projects, 1048, 1054 properties, 1054 routines, 1057 statements, 1061–1062 subroutines, 1054 syntax, 1055–1056

Toolbox toolbar, 1065–1066 user input, 1062–1064, 1071 variables, 1059–1061

Visual LISP (VLISP)

ActiveX features, 1031–1038 AutoLISP Developer’s Guide, 995 AutoLISP Reference, 995 AutoLISP Tutorial, 995

break points, 1040–1042 call source point, 1040

Check Edit Window tool, 992 Check Selection tool, 992 closing AutoLISP files, 993 coloring system, 1000 comments, 992, 1025 Console window, 992 creating files, 999–1001 debugging code, 1039–1045 Error Trace window, 1040 features, 986

Format Edit Window tool, 991 Format Selection tool, 992 help, 993–995

interface, 987, 991–993 Load Selection tool, 992

loading AutoLISP files, 986, 988–989 object group codes, 1018–1019 opening, 986

Parentheses Matching tool, 992 source position, 1040

text editor, 986

Watch window, 1043–1045

VLISP (Visual LISP). See Visual LISP (VLISP) volumetric shadows, 756

VPCLIP command, 466

VPOINT command, 619, 627–628 VPSCALE command, 467

1158 Index V–Z

VPSYNC command, 467	Publish to Web Wizard, 874–877
VSLIDE command, 916	setup wizards, 94
W	WMF (Windows Metafile Format) files
	exporting, 838, 840–841
Watch window (Visual LISP), 1043–1045	importing, 842
WBLOCK command, 491	WMFBKGND system variable, 840
Web pages, 879. See also Design Web Format (DWF)	WMFFOREGND system variable, 840
files	wood (material), 764
Web sites	World Coordinate System, 145
Altris eB, 808	wrapping text, 310
Autodesk, 1075	Write Block dialog box, 491
Autodesk DWF Viewer, 854	writing menu macros, 952–953
AutoEDMS, 808	X
Buzzsaw, 18
Columbus, 808	X offset for linetypes, 924
Cyco AutoManager Workflow EDM, 808	X spacing on grid, 63
i-drop-enabled, 866–867	XBIND command, 542
Microsoft, 560	Xbind dialog box, 542
wedges	XCLIP command, 543–544
drawing, 672–673, 698–699	XCLIPFRAME system variable, 544
solid, 698–699	XLINE command, 103
3D shape, 672–673	xlines, 102–103
welding multilines, 446	XLIST command, 507, 550
WHILE statements, 1014–1016	XOPEN command, 535
Windows Bitmap (BMP) file format, 838	XPLODE command, 503–504
Windows Character Map, 313	Xref Manager, 534, 549–550
Windows Clipboard, 508–511	XREFCTL system variable, 552
windows, drawing, 11–14	XREFNOTIFY system variable, 551
Windows Metafile Format (WMF) files	xrefs. See external references
exporting, 838, 840–841	XREFTYPE system variable, 534
importing, 842	Y
wipeouts, 213–214, 430
wireframes	Y offset for linetypes, 924–925
defined, 606	Y spacing on grid, 63
editing, 597	Z
grips, 600
hiding lines, 604–606	Z axis (3D coordinates), 594–595
limitations, 602	zero suppression in tolerances, 399
object snaps, 600–602	ZOOM command
point filters, 600–602	Dynamic, 128
slides, 915	limits, 85
surfaces, 603–604	options, 126–130
3D coordinates, 597–599	ZOOMFACTOR system variable, 127
wizards	zooming in/out
Add Plot Style Table Wizard, 473–474	drawings, 126–130
Attribute Extraction Wizard, 524–528	lineweights, 246
Import PCP or PC2 Settings Wizard, 462	3D orbit, 640
Layout Wizard, 454–459

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