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Figure 14-19: The bearing housing with center marks, radial and diameter dimensions, and angular dimensions.

Creating Ordinate Dimensions

Ordinate dimensions are used in mechanical drawing. They dimension an object by labeling X or Y coordinates based on a 0,0 coordinate placed somewhere on the model. Figure 14-20 shows a drawing with some ordinate dimensions.

Figure 14-20: Ordinate dimensions in a mechanical drawing of a tension arm for a commercial dryer.

358 Part II Drawing in Two Dimensions

To place the 0,0 coordinate on the model, choose Tools Move UCS. At the prompt, pick a point on the model, using object snaps for an exact measurement. If you want to check the UCS, choose View Display UCS Icon Origin. Also make sure On is checked. As long as there is room, the UCS icon moves to the new 0,0 coordinate.

To create an ordinate dimension, choose Ordinate Dimension from the Dimension toolbar. At the Specify feature location: prompt, pick the part of the model that you

want to dimension. Running object snaps with OSNAP turned on makes this an easy task.

At the Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]: prompt, pick the endpoint for the leader. The location where you pick the leader endpoint determines which coordinate to dimension — the X coordinate (Xdatum) or Y coordinate (Ydatum). Pick the leader endpoint perpendicular from the coordinate’s axis you want to measure. To measure an X coordinate, move up or down from the feature you selected. To measure a Y coordinate, move left or right to pick the leader endpoint.

Usually you work with ORTHO on to create straight lines. If you need to create bent lines to avoid previously drawn dimensions, turn ORTHO off. If you pick a leader endpoint at a nonorthogonal angle from the feature, you may need to force the measurement of the coordinate that you want using either the Xdatum or Ydatum option. Use the MText option to open the Multiline Text Editor and edit the dimension text. Use the Text option to change all the text on the command line.

To perfectly line up the dimensions, when specifying the leader endpoint, use object tracking to track the endpoint of the previous leader. You can also turn on SNAP.

On the	The drawing used in the following Step-by-Step exercise on drawing ordinate dimensions,
CD-ROM	ab14-d.dwg, is in the Drawings folder on the CD-ROM.

STEP-BY-STEP: Drawing Ordinate Dimensions

1.Open ab14-d.dwg from your CD-ROM.

2.Save the file as ab14-05.dwg in your AutoCAD Bible folder. This drawing shows a simple sheet-metal template, as shown in Figure 14-21. Snap should be on. Set a snap distance of 0.25 units. Right-click the SNAP button on the status bar and make sure that grid snap is on. If the Dimension toolbar isn’t visible, right-click any toolbar and check Dimension.

1

Figure 14-21: A sheet-metal template.

Chapter 14 Drawing Dimensions 359

3.Choose Tools Move UCS. At the Origin point <0,0,0>: prompt, pick 1 in Figure 14-21.

4.Choose Ordinate Dimension from the Dimension toolbar. At the Specify feature location: prompt, choose 1 in Figure 14-21. At the Specify leader endpoint

or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]: prompt, pick a point 0.5 units to the left of 1, as shown in Figure 14-22. (Because Snap is on, this is easy. If necessary, press F6 until you get polar coordinates to display in the lower-left area of the drawing screen.)

Figure 14-22: The dimensioned template.

5.	Repeat the DIMORDINATE command. At the Specify feature location: prompt,
	choose 1 in Figure 14-21. At the Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/
	Mtext/Text/Angle]: prompt, pick a point 0.5 units below 1.
6.	Continue to dimension the drawing, using Figure 14-22 as a guide.
Tip	Type multiple dimordinate to automatically repeats the command. Press Esc when you
	no longer need the command.
7.	Save your drawing.

Drawing Leaders

Leaders are lines pointing to objects. At the end of a leader, you place any text you want. Use leaders to label objects or provide explanatory text. Leaders are not associative; that is, AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT calculate no dimension text. Figure 14-23 shows two leaders.

Figure 14-23: Using leaders to point to objects and add explanatory text.

360 Part II Drawing in Two Dimensions

The QLEADER command provides a simple, easy-to-use method of creating leaders. The Leader Settings dialog box lets you specify how you want your leaders to appear. The older LEADER command is still available from the command line.

To create a leader, choose Quick Leader from the Dimension toolbar. At the Specify first leader point, or [Settings]<Settings>: prompt, if you want to specify

the leader settings, press Enter or right-click and choose Settings to open the Leader Settings dialog box.

Using the Leader Settings dialog box

The Leader Settings dialog box is shown in Figure 14-24 with the Annotation tab displayed. Here you customize how you want your leaders to work so that when you actually create them, they automatically look the way you want. These settings determine what prompts you see after you specify all the points of the leader. You can always change these settings at the first prompt of the QLEADER command.

Figure 14-24: The Annotation tab of the Leader Settings dialog box.

The Annotation tab

The Annotation tab includes settings about what goes at the end of the leader. In the Annotation Type section of the dialog box, choose the type of annotation:

The default is MText, which creates multiline text.

Choose Copy an Object to have the QLEADER command prompt you to copy an existing object in your drawing — single-line text, multiline text, a block, or a tolerance.

If you choose Tolerance, QLEADER opens the Tolerance dialog box so that you can create a tolerance control frame. (The next chapter covers control frames.)

Choose Block Reference if you want QLEADER to prompt you to select an existing block (a group of objects that are treated as one object) for the annotation. You might have a block consisting of some text and special symbols that are hard to create from scratch each time. Some users put surface, tolerance, or other symbols at the ends of leaders.

Choose None to create a leader with no annotation.

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If you chose MText, use the MText options section to specify how MText works. You have three choices:

Choose Prompt for Width if you want QLEADER to let you specify a bounding box or a width in units. The advantage of this option, which is on by default, is that QLEADER wraps the leader text so that it doesn’t get too long if you decide to get verbose.

Choose Always Left Justify if you don’t want to set a width and want instead to have QLEADER always left-justify text.

Choose Frame text if you want a box around the text.

The Annotation Reuse section enables you to clone your leader annotation. To reuse the text you’re about to create, choose Reuse Next. QLEADER automatically uses it for subsequent leaders. (After you use this option, this option is automatically changed to Reuse Current.)

The Leader Line & Arrow tab

The lines and arrows of a leader determine the structure of the leader. Use the Leader Line & Arrow tab, shown in Figure 14-25, to specify how you want the lines and arrow of the leader to look.

Figure 14-25: The Leader Line & Arrow tab of the Leader Settings dialog box.

In the Leader Line section, choose either Straight line or Spline leader lines. The number of points determines how many times QLEADER displays the Specify next point: prompt. By setting a maximum, you can streamline the process of creating leaders and avoid ungainly looking leader lines with many segments. However, you can’t set the maximum to less than two.

In the Arrowhead section, use the drop-down list to choose an arrowhead style. The picture shown of each type of arrowhead helps you decide.

Use the Angle Constraints section to control the possible angle of the first and second leader lines to conform to standards in your industry or your sense of aesthetics.

The Attachment tab

You usually place text at the end of a leader. Use the Attachment tab, shown in Figure 14-26, to specify how MText is attached to the leader line.

362 Part II Drawing in Two Dimensions

Figure 14-26: The Attachment tab of the Leader Settings dialog box.

The Attachment tab contains two columns of buttons. The left column sets the attachment for leaders that you draw from right to left. The arrow is to the right and the text is therefore on the left of the leader. By default, the leader line points to the middle of the bottom line of text — that is, to the middle of the last character of the text.

The right column sets the attachment for leaders that you draw from left to right. The arrow is to the left and the text is on the right of the leader. By default, the leader line points to the middle of the top line of text — that is, to the middle of the first character of the text.

Here are your choices for text on both the left and the right:

Top of top line: The leader line meets the text at the top of the first line of text. The line will point to the top of an uppercase letter.

Middle of top line: The leader line meets the text at the middle of the first line of text, which is halfway between the top and the bottom of an uppercase letter.

Middle of multiline text: The leader line meets the text at the middle of the invisible bounding box containing all the text.

Middle of bottom line: The leader line meets the text at the middle of the bottom line of text.

Bottom of bottom line: The leader line meets the text at the bottom of the bottom line of text.

Check Underline Bottom Line to place a line under the bottom line of text. After you’ve completed the settings in the Leader Settings dialog box, click OK. You now continue with the QLEADER command.

The Express Tools include the QLDETACHSET command, which detaches a leader’s annotation from the leader line, to create two separate objects. Choose Express Dimension Leader Tools Detach Leaders from Annotation. QLATTACH attaches leaders and MText objects. Choose Express Dimension Leader Tools Attach Leader to Annotation. For information about installing Express Tools, see Appendix A.

Chapter 14 Drawing Dimensions 363

Creating a leader

As mentioned earlier, when you choose Quick Leader from the Dimension toolbar, you see the

Specify first leader point, or [Settings]<Settings>: prompt. You can continue directly to draw the leader or use the Settings option. If you use the Settings option, after you close the Leader Settings dialog box, you return to the original prompt. Now you can specify your first leader point, usually on or near the object that the leader text labels or explains. The starting point is usually indicated with an arrow.

The command continues with the Specify next point: prompt. You can continue to pick points, up to the limit specified on the Leader Line & Arrow tab of the Leader Settings dialog box. Usually you pick the endpoint of the leader before that limit. Press Enter to stop picking points of the leader.

If you selected Prompt for Width option on the Annotation tab of the Leader Settings dialog box, QLEADER displays the Specify text width <0.0000>: prompt. You can pick a point, which displays a dashed line so that you can visually determine the width. Otherwise, type a width in units.

At the Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>: prompt, you have two choices:

On the

CD-ROM

To use the current text style, type the first line of text on the command line. Press Enter at the end of the line. QLEADER displays the Enter next line of annotation text: prompt. You can continue to type in new lines of text. Press Enter to end the command.

To open the Multiline Text Editor, press Enter. You then type your annotation text. You have the advantage of being able to format the text as you work. Click OK to close the Text Editor and complete the leader.

The drawing used in the following Step-by-Step exercise on drawing leaders, ab14-e.dwg, is in the Drawings folder on the CD-ROM.

STEP-BY-STEP: Drawing Leaders

1.Open ab14-e.dwg from your CD-ROM.

2.Save the file as ab14-06.dwg in your AutoCAD Bible folder. This is a drawing of a set of pulleys, as shown in Figure 14-27. If the Dimension toolbar isn’t visible, right-click any toolbar and check Dimension. OSNAP should be turned off.

3.Choose Quick Leader from the Dimension toolbar. At the Specify first leader point, or [Settings]<Settings>: prompt, right-click and choose Settings.

Click the Attachment tab and set both text on the left and on the right to Middle of Multiline Text. Click OK.

4.Follow the prompts:

Specify first leader point, or [Settings]<Settings>: Pick 1 in Figure 14-27 (near but not on the drawing object).

Specify next point: Pick 2. Specify next point: Specify text width <0>: 2

Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>: BREAK EDGES Enter next line of annotation text: TYP (8) PLACES Enter next line of annotation text:

This action places the leader.

364 Part II Drawing in Two Dimensions

3

1

4

2

Figure 14-27: A set of pulleys.

5.Repeat the QLEADER command. Pick points 3 and then 4 in Figure 14-27. Right-click or press Enter. At the Specify text width <2>: prompt, press Enter to use the same width as previously. At the Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>: prompt, type DRILL ‘F’ HOLE. Press Enter twice to end the command and place the leader.

6.Save your drawing. It should look like Figure 14-28.

Figure 14-28: The pulleys with two leaders.